溶质型与硬质型桃果实香气代谢分化规律及关键调控基因挖掘

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.16.012

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (16): 3640-3654.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.16.012

溶质型与硬质型桃果实香气代谢分化规律及关键调控基因挖掘

姚振豫¹^,²(), 段文宜¹^,²^,³(), 孟君仁², 李昂², 陈明², 岳宗省², 孙世航¹^,²^,³, 潘磊¹^,²^,³, 牛良¹^,³, 崔国朝¹^,³, 曾文芳¹^,²^,³()

¹ 神农种业实验室，郑州 450002
² 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所，郑州 450009
³ 中国农业科学院中原研究中心，河南新乡 453000

收稿日期:2026-02-21 接受日期:2026-07-01 出版日期:2026-08-16 发布日期:2026-08-17
通信作者:
曾文芳，E-mail：zengwenfang@caas.cn。
联系方式: 姚振豫，E-mail：yaoyiqian1@gmail.com。段文宜，E-mail：duanwenyi@caas.cn。姚振豫和段文宜为同等贡献作者。
基金资助:
河南省公益性农业科研专项资金项目(201300110500); 神农种业实验室协同创新项目(SN02-2024-01); 中国农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2025-ZFRI); 中国农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-ZFRI-05-202506)

Differential Aroma Metabolism and Key Regulatory Genes Identification Between Melting and Stony Hard Peach Flesh Types

YAO ZhenYu¹^,²(), DUAN WenYi¹^,²^,³(), MENG JunRen², LI Ang², CHEN Ming², YUE ZongSheng², SUN ShiHang¹^,²^,³, PAN Lei¹^,²^,³, NIU Liang¹^,³, CUI GuoChao¹^,³, ZENG WenFang¹^,²^,³()

¹ The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450002
² Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009
³ Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453000, Henan

Received:2026-02-21 Accepted:2026-07-01 Published:2026-08-16 Online:2026-08-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确不同肉质类型桃果实发育过程中香气形成规律，挖掘造成品种间香气品质差异的关键调控基因，为硬质桃风味品质改良提供理论依据。【方法】以溶质型品种‘春美’和硬质型品种‘中桃9号’为试材，在果实发育全周期设置7个关键采样点，采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术检测挥发性物质，结合转录组数据筛选差异表达基因（DEGs），通过Pearson相关性分析鉴定与关键香气物质显著关联的核心基因。【结果】共检测到57种香气化合物，其组成与含量在不同品种及果实发育阶段均表现出显著差异。硬质型桃‘中桃9号’在整个发育过程中未检测到乙烯释放，C6醛类物质（如2-己烯醛）含量在成熟期仍维持较高水平，而内酯与酯类物质几乎未积累；溶质型桃‘春美’在S3到S4转折后出现乙烯跃变峰，内酯物质含量随之增加3.1—3.8倍，C6化合物含量显著下降。转录组分析共鉴定出2 806个DEGs，聚类分析显示两个品种在各发育时期呈现显著差异；KEGG富集分析表明DEGs主要富集在植物激素信号转导、α-亚麻酸代谢和类胡萝卜素生物合成等通路。关联分析筛选出16个与酯类/内酯类合成相关的候选基因，其中BSK2（Prupe.2G110200）、PpYUC11（Prupe.6G157400/6G157500）等基因表达水平分别与乙酸己酯、γ-癸内酯含量呈显著正相关关系。【结论】乙烯是造成两种肉质类型桃果实香气品质差异的核心调控因子，‘中桃9号’乙烯信号通路受阻，导致脂肪酸代谢通路停滞于C6醛类物质积累阶段，无法启动下游酯化反应与内酯类香气物质合成进程。同时，筛选到BSK2、PpYUC11等候选基因，明确植物激素信号通路参与果实香气物质调控。

关键词: 桃, 果实香气, 肉质类型, 差异表达基因, 乙烯

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to elucidate the differentiation patterns of aroma metabolism during fruit development across distinct peach flesh types, and identify key regulatory genes governing cultivar-specific aroma profiles, so as to provide a theoretical basis for flavor improvement in stony hard peaches. 【Method】 The melting-flesh cultivar Chunmei and the stony hard cultivar Zhongtao 9 were utilized as experimental materials. Seven critical sampling stages were established throughout the fruit development cycle. Volatile compounds were profiled using headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and Pearson correlation analysis was employed to pinpoint core genes significantly associated with key aroma compounds.【Result】 A total of 57 volatile compounds were identified, with significant variation in composition and content across cultivars and developmental stages. The stony hard cultivar Zhongtao 9 exhibited no detectable ethylene production throughout development, maintained high levels of C6 aldehydes (e.g., 2-hexenal) at the mature stage, and showed almost no accumulation of esters and lactones. In contrast, the melting-flesh cultivar Chunmei exhibited a typical ethylene climacteric peak at the S3 to S4 transition, accompanied by a 3.1-3.8 fold increase in ester content and a marked decrease in C6 compounds. Transcriptome analysis identified 2 806 DEGs, with clear separation between the two cultivars at all developmental stages based on clustering analysis. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that these DEGs were significantly involved in plant hormone signal transduction, α-linolenic acid metabolism, and carotenoid biosynthesis pathways. Correlation analysis identified 16 candidate genes associated with ester/lactone biosynthesis. Among them, BSK2 (Prupe.2G110200) and PpYUC11 (Prupe.6G157400/6G157500) showed strong positive correlations with hexyl acetate and γ-decalactone, respectively.【Conclusion】 Ethylene was a key regulatory factor underlying aroma quality divergence between the two peach flesh types. Impaired ethylene signaling in Zhongtao 9 likely restricted fatty acid metabolism at the C6 aldehyde stage, preventing downstream esterification and lactone biosynthesis. Candidate genes, such as BSK2 and PpYUC11, together with hormone signaling pathways, were identified as potential regulators of aroma formation.

Key words: peach, fruit aroma, flesh type, differentially expressed genes, ethylene

姚振豫, 段文宜, 孟君仁, 李昂, 陈明, 岳宗省, 孙世航, 潘磊, 牛良, 崔国朝, 曾文芳. 溶质型与硬质型桃果实香气代谢分化规律及关键调控基因挖掘[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(16): 3640-3654.

YAO ZhenYu, DUAN WenYi, MENG JunRen, LI Ang, CHEN Ming, YUE ZongSheng, SUN ShiHang, PAN Lei, NIU Liang, CUI GuoChao, ZENG WenFang. Differential Aroma Metabolism and Key Regulatory Genes Identification Between Melting and Stony Hard Peach Flesh Types[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(16): 3640-3654.

图/表 12

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图10

表1

表2

两个桃品种与酯类及内酯类物质显著差异基因关联物质"

基因序号 Gene id	注释信息 Annotation	挥发物质 Volatiles	相关性 Correlation	P值 P value
Prupe.1G007300	谷胱甘肽S-转移酶家族蛋白 Glutathione S-transferase family protein	γ-癸内酯 γ-Decalactone	0.78977232	5.06302E-10
Prupe.8G081800	SAUR样生长素响应蛋白家族（Small Auxin-Upregulated RNA） SAUR-like auxin-responsive protein family	γ-癸内酯 γ-Decalactone	0.781266115	1.02782E-09
Prupe.6G157500	黄素单加氧酶家族蛋白 Flavin-containing monooxygenase family protein	γ-癸内酯 γ-Decalactone	0.77503427	1.69318E-09
Prupe.4G262200	果胶裂解酶样超家族蛋白 Pectin lyase-like superfamily protein	γ-癸内酯 γ-Decalactone	0.773254369	1.947E-09
Prupe.7G192800	果胶裂解酶样超家族蛋白 Pectin lyase-like superfamily protein	γ-癸内酯 γ-Decalactone	0.77149158	2.23311E-09
Prupe.6G157400	黄素单加氧酶家族蛋白 Flavin-containing monooxygenase family protein	γ-癸内酯 γ-Decalactone	0.765521038	3.5216E-09
Prupe.7G247900	泛素样超家族蛋白 Ubiquitin-like superfamily protein	γ-癸内酯 γ-Decalactone	0.765034818	3.65255E-09
Prupe.7G216300	肌醇加氧酶4 myo-inositol oxygenase 4	γ-癸内酯 γ-Decalactone	0.750757713	1.02794E-08
Prupe.2G110200	油菜素甾醇信号激酶2 BR-signaling kinase 2	乙酸己酯 Hexyl acetate	0.840380176	3.38379E-12
Prupe.6G361600	核糖核酸酶E抑制剂RraA/二甲基甲萘醌甲基转移酶 Ribonuclease E inhibitor RraA/Dimethylmenaquinone methyltransferase	乙酸己酯 Hexyl acetate	0.823552189	2.13017E-11
Prupe.8G178000	植物U-盒蛋白15（PUB15） Plant U-Box 15	乙酸己酯 Hexyl acetate	0.820125425	3.02577E-11
Prupe.1G317500	脂质磷酸磷酸酶2 lipid phosphate phosphatase 2	乙酸己酯 Hexyl acetate	0.816580973	4.31669E-11
Prupe.3G162800	钙依赖脂质结合蛋白（CaLB结构域）家族蛋白 Calcium-dependent lipid-binding (CaLB domain) family protein	乙酸己酯 Hexyl acetate	0.769708345	2.56219E-09
Prupe.4G188000	蛋白激酶家族蛋白 protein kinase family protein	乙酸己酯 Hexyl acetate	0.761710103	4.67746E-09
Prupe.2G107600	七次跨膜MLO家族蛋白（Mildew Locus O） Seven transmembrane MLO family protein	乙酸-3-己烯酯(Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate	0.791412693	4.40037E-10
Prupe.3G250400	类COBRA蛋白1前体 COBRA-like protein 1 precursor	乙酸-3-己烯酯 (Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate	0.754508468	7.88601E-09

表2

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香气物质 Aroma substance	气味阈值 Odor thresholds (μg·kg^-1)	风味类型 Aroma type
辛醛 Octanal	0.587	醛香 Aldehydic fragrance
癸醛 Decanal	3	醛香 Aldehydic fragrance
1-辛烯-3-醇 1-Octen-3-ol	1.5	泥土香 Scent of soil
1-辛烯-3-酮 1-Octen-3-one	0.003	泥土香 Scent of soil
正壬醛 Nonanal	1.1	油脂香 Oily fragrance
反式-2-辛烯醛 (E)-2-Octenal	3	油脂香 Oily fragrance
反式-2, 4-癸二烯醛 (E, E)-2, 4-Decadienal	0.027	油脂香 Oily fragrance
反式-2, 4-壬二烯醛 (E, E)-2, 4-Nonadienal	0.1	油脂香 Oily fragrance
芳樟醇 Linalool	0.22	花香味 Fragrance of flowers
β-大马士酮 β-Damascenone	0.002	花香味 Fragrance of flowers
二氢-β-紫罗兰酮 Dihydro-β-ionone	1	花香味 Fragrance of flowers
β-紫罗兰酮 β-Ionone	3.5	花香味 Fragrance of flowers
乙酸己酯 Hexyl acetate	2	果香味 Fruity
乙酸-3-己烯酯 (Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate	13	果香味 Fruity
2, 3-辛二酮 2, 3-Octanedione	2.52	果香味 Fruity
正己醛 Hexanal	5	草香味 Grassy fragrance
2-己烯醛 (E)-2-Hexenal	110	草香味 Grassy fragrance
正己醇 Hexanol	5.6	草香味 Grassy fragrance
顺-3-己烯-1-醇 (Z)-3-Hexenol	3.9	草香味 Grassy fragrance
庚醛 Heptanal	2.8	草香味 Grassy fragrance
γ-癸内酯 γ-Decalactone	1.1	桃香 Peach fragrance

溶质型与硬质型桃果实香气代谢分化规律及关键调控基因挖掘

Differential Aroma Metabolism and Key Regulatory Genes Identification Between Melting and Stony Hard Peach Flesh Types

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