采前乙酰水杨酸处理对厚皮甜瓜果实后熟及软化的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.10.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究果实发育期间乙酰水杨酸（ASA）4次喷施处理对厚皮甜瓜果实采收及贮藏期间后熟和软化的影响及作用机理，为采后调控提供参考。【方法】以‘玛瑙’厚皮甜瓜为试材，采用1 mmol·L^-1 ASA分别在甜瓜幼果期（花后2周）、膨大期（花后3周）、网纹形成期（花后4周）及采前48 h四个时期连续喷施处理，测定果实采收及冷藏期间（7℃，RH 55%—60%）的呼吸强度和乙烯释放量，硬度、细胞壁组分以及细胞壁降解酶活性的变化。【结果】采前乙酰水杨酸处理可有效降低甜瓜果实采收时的呼吸强度和乙烯释放量，使果实贮藏期间呼吸和乙烯跃变峰的出现时间推迟1周。ASA处理提高了果实采收时的硬度及原果胶、纤维素、半纤维素和富含羟脯氨酸糖蛋白（HRGPs）含量，延缓了原果胶向可溶性果胶的转化，维持了较高的纤维素、半纤维素和HRGPs水平，有效保持了贮藏期间的果实硬度。采前ASA处理显著降低了采收时和贮藏期间甜瓜果实细胞壁降解酶的活性，主要抑制了果实果胶甲酯酶（PME）、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）、纤维素酶（Cx）和β-葡萄糖苷酶（β-Glu）的活性。相关性分析表明，处理果实的乙烯释放量和呼吸强度与多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）活性呈显著正相关，与β-葡萄糖苷酶（β-Glu）活性呈极显著正相关；处理果实的硬度与果胶甲酯酶（PME）活性、原果胶和半纤维素含量呈极显著正相关，与纤维素酶（Cx）活性和可溶性果胶（WSP）含量呈显著正相关，与乙烯释放量和呼吸强度均呈显著负相关。【结论】采前ASA处理可促进甜瓜果实发育期间细胞壁物质的合成，有效抑制甜瓜果实采收及贮藏期间的呼吸强度和乙烯释放，降低胶甲酯酶（PME）、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）、纤维素酶（Cx）和β-葡萄糖苷酶（β-Glu）等细胞壁降解酶的活性，阻止细胞壁物质的释放，有效维持了冷藏期间的甜瓜果实硬度。

关键词: 厚皮甜瓜, 采前喷洒, 乙酰水杨酸, 后熟, 软化

Abstract: 【Objective】The experiment was conducted to study the effects of preharvest acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) sprayed for four times during fruit development on ripening and softening of muskmelon fruit (Cucumis melo cv. Agate) at harvest and during storage, and to explore softing mechanism caused by ASA treatments.【Method】The muskmelon, cultivar ‘Agate’, was used as material. The plants were sprayed with ASA at 1mmol·L^-1 for four times at young fruit period (2 weeks after flowering), enlarging period (3 wk after flowering), netting period (4 wk after flowering) and mature period (preharvest 48 h). The changes of physiological and biochemical parameters were determined on respiratory rate and ethylene production, firmness, cell wall component and cell wall-degrading enzymes activity of fruit at harvest and during storage (7℃, RH 55%-60%).【Result】Preharvest spray of ASA significantly decreased respiratory rate and ethylene production of muskmelon fruit at harvest, and delayed climecteric peak and ethylene peak for 1wk during storage. ASA treatments increased the firmness of fruit, the contents of propectin, cellulose, hemicellulose and hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) in fruit at harvest, retarded the conversion of propectin to water soluble pectins (WSP), maintained a higher level of cellulose, hemicellulose and HRGPs, kept firmness of fruit during storage. Preharvest spray of ASA noticeably decreased the activity of cell wall degrading enzymes in fruit at harvest and during storage, mainly inhibited the activity of pectin methylesterase (PME), polygalacturonase (PG), cellulase (Cx) and β-gluosidase (β-Glu). The correlation analysis indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between ethylene production and PG activity, respiratory rate and PG activity. And a very significant positive correlation between ethylene production and β-Glu activity, respiratory rate and β-Glu activity in treated fruit. There was a highly significant positive correlation between firmness and PME activity, propectin and hemicellulose content in treated fruit. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was found between firmness and Cx activity, and WSP content in treated fruit, and a significant negative correlation was also observed between firmness and ethylene production, and respiratory rate in treated fruit.【Conclusion】Preharvest ASA treatments promoted the synthesis of cell wall components during fruit development, significantly inhibited the respiratory rate and ethylene production, reduced the activity of cell wall degrading enzyme, such as PME, PG, Cx and β-Glu, prevented the release of cell wall components and maintained higher fruit firmness at harvest and during storage.

Key words: muskmelon fruit, preharvest sprays, acetylsalicylic acid, ripening, softening

刘耀娜，王毅，毕阳，李生娥，姜红，朱艳，王斌. 采前乙酰水杨酸处理对厚皮甜瓜果实后熟及软化的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(10): 1862-1872.

LIU YaoNa, WANG Yi, BI Yang, LI ShengE, JIANG Hong, ZHU Yan, WANG Bin . Effect of Preharvest Acetylsalicylic Acid Treatments on Ripening and Softening of Harvested Muskmelon Fruit[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(10): 1862-1872.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.10.011

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2017/V50/I10/1862

参考文献

[1] Bi Y, Ge Y H, Wang C L, LI X W. Melon production in China. Acta Horticulturae, 2007, 731: 493-500.

[2] Brummell D A. Cell wall disassembly in ripening fruit. Functional Plant Biology, 2006, 33: 103-119.

[3] Moreno E, Obando J M, Dossantos N, Fernándeztrujillo J P, Monforte A J. Candidate genes and QTLs for fruit ripening and softening in melon. Theoreticaland Applied Genetics, 2008, 116: 589-602.

[4] 齐秀东, 魏建梅, 高海生, 贾艳茹, 张海娥. 梨果实发育软化与果胶多糖降解特性的关系. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(15): 3027-3037.

Qi X D, Wei J M, Gao H S, JIA Y R, ZHANG H E. Pectin polysaccharide degradation in relation to the texture softening in pear fruit. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(15): 3027-3037. (in Chinese)

[5] 陆胜民, 金勇丰, 张耀州, 席玙芳. 果实成熟过程中细胞壁组成的变化. 植物生理学报通讯, 2001, 37(3): 246-249.

Lu S M, Jin Y F, Zhang Y Z, XI Y F. The changes of cell wall composition in fruit ripening. Plant Physiology Communications, 2001, 37(3): 246-249. (in Chinese)

[6] 赵云峰, 林瑜, 林河通. 细胞壁组分变化与果实成熟软化的关系研究进展. 食品科技, 2012(12): 29-33.

Zhao Y F, Lin Y, Lin H T. Change of cell wall component in fruit ripening and softening. Food Science and Technology, 2012(12): 29-33. (in Chinese)

[7] Brummell D A, Harpster M H. Cell wall metabolism in fruit softening and quality and its manipulation in transgenic plants. Plant Molecular Biology, 2001,47(1): 311-339.

[8] Tareen M J, Abbasi N A, Hafiz I A. Postharvest application of salicylic acid enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity and maintained quality of peach cv. ‘Flordaking’ fruit during storage. Scientia Horticulturae, 2012, 142(142): 221-228.

[9] Wang L J, Chen S J, Kong W F, LI S H, ARCHBOLD D D. Salicylic acid pretreatment alleviates chilling injury and affects the antioxidant system and heat shock proteins of peaches during cold storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2006, 41: 244-251.

[10] 李雯, 邵远志, 陈维信. 水杨酸处理对香蕉果实采后品质的影响. 中国农学通报, 2005, 21(2): 75-76.

Li W, Shao Y Z, Chen W X. Effects of salicylic acid on quality of banana after harvest. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2005, 21(2): 75-76. (in Chinese)

[11] Kazemi M, Aran M, Zamani S. Effect of salicylic acidtreatments on quality characteristics of apple fruits during storage. American Journal of Plant Physiology, 2011, 6: 113-119.

[12] Yao H J, Tian S P. Effects of pre-and post-harvest application of salicylic acid or methyljasmonate on inducing disease resistance of sweet cherry fruit in storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2005, 35: 253-262.

[13] Luo Z S, Chen C, Xie J. Effect of salicylic acid treatment on alleviating postharvest chilling injury of ‘Qingnai’ plum fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2011, 62: 115-120.

[14] Zhang Y, Chen K S, Zhang S L, FERGUSON I. The role of salicylic acid in postharvest ripening of kiwifruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2003, 28: 67-74.

[15] Kant K, Arora a, Singh V P. Salicylic acid influences biochemical characteristics of harvested tomato (Solanum lycopersiconL.) during ripening. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2016, 21(1): 50-55.

[16] Davarynejad G H, Zarei M, Nasrabadi M E, Ardakani E. Effects of salicylic acid and putrescine on storability, quality attributes and antioxidant activity of plum cv. ‘Santa Rosa’. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2015, 52(4): 1-10.

[17] Srivastava M K, Dwivedi U N. Delayed ripening of banana fruit by salicylic acid. Plant Science, 2000, 158: 87-96.

[18] 田志喜, 张玉星. 水杨酸对新红星苹果果实后熟的影响. 园艺学报, 2001, 28(6): 557-559.

Tian Z X, Zhang Y X. Studies on the effects of salicylic acid on ripening of ‘Starkrimson’ apple. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2001, 28(6): 557-559. (in Chinese)

[19] Champa W A, Gill M I, Mahajan B V, ARORA N K. Preharvest salicylic acid treatments to improve quality and postharvest life of table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Flame Seedless. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2015, 52(6): 3607-3616.

[20] Hayat S, Ahmad A. Salicylcic Acid: A Plant Hormone. Dordrecht: Springer, 2007.

[21] 余璐璐, 曹中权, 朱春娇, 徐飞. 不同浓度水杨酸处理对草莓采后保鲜的影响. 植物生理学报, 2015(11): 2047-2053.

Yu L L, Cao Z Q, Zhu C J, Xu F. Effects of salicylic acid treatment at different concentrations on postharvest storage of strawberry. Plant Physiology Journal, 2015(11): 2047-2053. (in Chinese)

[22] Zhang Z K, Bi Y, Ge Y H, WANG J J, DENG JJ, XIE D F, WANG Y. Multiple pre-harvest treatments with acibenzolar-S-methyl reduce latent infection and induce resistance in muskmelon fruit. Scientia Horticulturae, 2011, 130(1): 126-132.

[23] Li X, Bi Y, Wang J J, Dong B Y, LI H J, GONG D, ZHAO Y, TANG Y M, YU X Y, SHANG Q. BTH treatment caused physiological, biochemical and proteomic changes of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) fruit during ripening. Journal of Proteomics, 2015, 120: 179-193.

[24] Yuan L, Bi Y, Ge Y H, WANG Y, LIU Y Y, LI G. Postharvest hot water dipping reduces decay by inducing disease resistance and maintaining firmness in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) fruit. Scientia Horticulturae, 2013, 161:101-110.

[25] Ge Y H, Deng H W, Bi Y, LI C Y, LIU Y Y, DONG B Y. Postharvest ASM dipping and DPI pre-treatment regulated reactive oxygen species metabolism in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2015, 99: 160-167.

[26] 曹建康, 姜微波, 赵玉梅. 果蔬采后生理生化实验指导. 北京: 中国轻工业出版杜, 2007: 28.

Cao J K, Jiang W B, Zhao Y M. Fruit and Vegetables Postharvest Physiological and Biochemical. Beijing: China Light Industry Press, 2007: 28. (in Chinese)

[27] 李合生. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2000: 7.

Li H S. Principle and Technology of Plant Physiological and Biochemical Experiments. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2000: 7. (in Chinese)

[28] 王聘, 郜海燕, 周拥军, 房祥军, 毛金林. 减压处理对新疆白杏果实软化和细胞壁代谢的影响. 农业工程学报, 2012, 28(16): 254-258.

Wang P, Gao HY, Zhou Y J, FANG X J, MAO J L. Effects of hypobaric storage on softening and cell wall metabolism of Xinjiang kuqa apricot fruits. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2012, 28(16): 254-258. (in Chinese)

[29] 胡景江, 朱玮, 文建雷. 杨树细胞壁HRGP和木质素的诱导积累与其对溃疡病抗性的关系. 植物病理学报, 1999, 29(2): 151-156.

Hu J J, Zhu W, Wen J L. The relation between the accumulation of HRGP and lignin in cell wall of poplars and the resistance to poplar canker. Acta Phytopthologica Sinica, 1999, 29(2): 151-156. (in Chinese)

[30] Hagerman A E, Austin P J. Continuous spectrophotometric assay for plant pectin methyleasterase. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1986, 34(3): 440-444.

[31] 蔡冲, 陈昆松, 贾惠娟, 张玉, 胡亚东, 丁建国. 乙酰水杨酸对采后玉露桃果实成熟衰老进程和乙烯合成的影响. 果树学报, 2004, 21(1): 1-4.

Cai C, Chen K S, Jia H J, ZHANG Y, HU Y D, DING J G. Effects of acetylsalicylic acid on the postarvest senescence process and ethylene biosynthesis of Yulu peach fruit. Journal of Fruit Science, 2004, 21(1): 1-4. (in Chinese)

[32] Babalar M, Asghari M, Talaei A, KHOSROSHAHI A. Effect of pre- and postharvest salicylic acid treatment on ethylene production fungal decay and overall quality of Selva strawberry fruit. Food Chemistry, 2007, 105(2): 449-453.

[33] Yin X R, Zhang Y, Zhang B, YANG S L, SHI Y N, FERGUSON I B, CHEN K S. Effects of acetylsalicylic acid on kiwifruit ethylene biosynthesis and signaling components. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2013, 83(2): 27-33.

[34] Romanazzia G, Sanzanib S M, Bi Y, TIAN S P, Martínez P G, Alkan N. Induced resistance to control postharvest decay of fruit and vegetables. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2016, 122: 82-94.

[35] Valero D, Díaz-Mula H M, Zapata P J, Castillo S, Guillén F, Martínez-Romero D, Serrano M. Postharvest treatments with salicylic acid, acetylsalicylic acid or oxalic acid delayed ripening and enhanced bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity in sweet cherry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2011, 59(10): 5483-5489.

[36] 尚琪, 王婷, 李欣, 刘耀娜, 白晓东, 张溪桐, 王毅, 毕阳. 采前乙酰水杨酸与采后1-MCP处理对厚皮甜瓜冷藏品质及抗氧化能力的影响. 食品科学, 2016, 37(20): 247-252.

Shang Q, Wang T, Li X, LIU Y N, BAI X D, ZHANG X T, WANG Y, BI Y. Effect of preharvest acetylsalicylic acid and postharvest 1-MCP treatments on quality and antioxidant ability of muskmelon fruit during cool storage. Food Science, 2016, 37(20): 247-252. (in Chinese)

[37] 李喜娥, 陈年来, 王春林, 乔昌萍, 冯建明. BTH和SA处理及白粉菌接种对甜瓜叶片光合特性的影响. 西北植物学报, 2007, 27:1643-1649.

Li X E, Chen N L, Wang C L, QIAO C P, FENG J M. Effects of BTH and SA treatment and Sphaerotheca fuliginea on photosynthetic Characteristics of muskmelon. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2007, 27(8): 1643-1649. (in Chinese)

[38] Ramana R T V. Neeta B G, Khilana K S. Effect of postharvest treatments and storage temperatures on the quality and shelf life of sweet pepper (Capsicum annum L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 2011, 132(4): 18-26.

[39] Brummell D A, Cin V D, Crisosto C H, Labavitch J M. Cell wall metabolism during maturation, ripening and senescence of peach fruit. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2004, 55: 2029-2039.

[40] 张海新, 及华. 果实成熟软化与相关的酶学研究. 食品科技, 2008(11): 57-60.

Zhang H X, Ji H. The research on fruit ripening and softening and related enzymes. Food Science and Technology, 2008(11): 57-60. (in Chinese)

[41] Sunny G G, Sandy V B, VERLINDEN B E, CHRISTIAENS S, SHPIGELMAN A, VICENT V, KERMANI Z J, NICOLAI B M, HENDRICKX M, GEERAERD A. Pectin modifications and the role of pectin-degrading enzymes during postharvest softening of Jonagold apples. Food Chemistry, 2014, 158: 283-291.

[42] Wei J M, Ma F W, W Shi S G, QI X D, ZHU X Q, YUAN J W. Changes and the postharvest regulation in the activity and gene expression of enzymes related to cell wall degradation in ripening apple fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2010, 56(2): 147-154.

[43] Bu J W, Yu Y C, Aisikaer G, Ying T J. Postharvest UV-C irradiation inhibits the production of ethylene and the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes during softening of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2013, 86: 337-345.

[44] 李灿英, 张丽华, 葛永红, 董柏余, 漆倩涯. 采后茉莉酸甲酯处理对桃果实青霉病及细胞壁降解酶的影响. 食品工业科技, 2015, 36(20): 326-330.

Li C Y, Zhang L H, Ge Y H, DONG B Y, QI Q Y. Effect of jasmonic acid methylester treatment on blue mould and cell wall degrading enzymes activities in peach fruit. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2015, 36(20): 326-330. (in Chinese)

[45] Prabha T N, Bhagyalakshmi N. Carbohydrate metabolism in ripening banana fruit. Phytochemistry, 1998, 48: 915-920.

[46] Bennett A B, LabavitchJ M. Ethylene and ripening-regulated expression andfunction of fruit cell wall modifying proteins. Plant Science, 2008, 175: 130-136.

[47] Lashbrook C C, Gonzalez-Bosch C, Bennett A B. Two divergent endo-beta-1,4-glucanase genes exhibit over lapping expression in ripening fruit and abscising flowers. Plant Cell, 1994, 10: 1485-1493.

[48] Sitrit Y, Bent A B. Regulation of tomato fruit polygalacturonasem RNA accumulation by ethylene a re-examination. Plant Physiology, 1998, 116: 1145-1150.