硫酸头孢喹肟乳房注入剂（干乳期）对奶牛安全性的研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.20.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】了解硫酸头孢喹肟乳房注入剂（干乳期）对健康奶牛的正常体温、日产奶量、奶中体细胞数和乳房内菌群的影响。【方法】选用初产和经产健康泌乳期奶牛各6头，所选奶牛在试验前30 日内未全身性或乳房内给予任何抗生素，奶牛正常饲养管理，日粮和饮水中不含有任何抗菌药物。给药前1 和0日统计记录各试验奶牛的直肠温度、日产奶量（早、中、晚3 次产奶量的加和）、检测每个乳区采集奶样的体细胞数，并对给药前0日的奶样进行病原菌分离鉴定。4个乳区分别单次给予硫酸头孢喹肟乳房注入剂（干乳期）。给药后的第1、3、5、7、10天分别统计记录每头奶牛的日产奶量，给药后的第12 h、3、5、7、10天分别采集奶样进行体细胞检测，同时检查直肠温度；给药后的第10天，采集奶样进行病原菌分离鉴定。比较奶牛用药前后直肠温度、日产奶量、牛奶体细胞数和奶中病原菌的变化。整个试验期间连续观察给药奶牛是否出现红、肿、热、痛等临床症状。【结果】给药前1天、0天和最后一次给药后的第1、3、5、7、10天，试验奶牛的日产奶量平均值分别为28.8、27.7、28.1、28.7、28.8、29.2和29.6 kg，卡方检验显示无显著性差异（P＞0.05）；各时间点采集的奶中体细胞数大都维持在30—50万个/mL之间；各时间点测得的奶牛直肠温度平均值分别为38.3、38.4、38.3、38.3、38.3、38.2和38.3℃，无显著性差异（P＞0.05）；病原菌检测结果显示，在给药前0 日采集的奶样中，分离到大肠杆菌8株、链球菌5株和葡萄球菌7株，给药后第10天采集的奶样中大肠杆菌、链球菌和葡萄球菌各分离到1株，明显减少，且没有增加新的病原菌。【结论】硫酸头孢喹肟乳房注入剂（干乳期）对奶牛正常体温、产奶量和奶中体细胞数等没有不良影响，该制剂用于奶牛是安全的。

关键词: 硫酸头孢喹肟乳房注入剂, 干乳期, 安全性, 体细胞数

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of cefquinome sulfate intramammary infusion(dry cow) on the body temperature, milk yield per day, somatic cell counts and mammary microbiota of the health dairy cows.【Method】Six primiparous and multiparous healthy dairy cow were selected, which have not been treated with any antibiotics by systemic or intramammary administration 30 days before. They were fed with food and water without any antibiotics and under normal conditions. Rectal temperature, milk yield per day and somatic cell counts per quarter were recorded on 1 and 0 day before administration, and pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified. After a single intramammary administration of Cefquinome Sulfate Intramammary Infusion (Dry Cow) to each quarter, milk yield was recorded on 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 day after administration, rectal temperature per cow and somatic cell counts per quarter were recorded on 12 h, 3, 5, 7 and 10 day after administration, and pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified on 10 day after administration. The data of rectal temperature, milk yield per day, somatic cell counts and pathogenic bacteria before and after administration were analyzed by SPSS software and the clinical symptom and adverse effects, such as red, swelling, heat and pain were observed continuously throughout the trial. 【Result】The average daily milk yield were 28.8, 27.7, 28.1, 28.7, 28.8, 29.2, and 29.6 kg on 1, 0 day before administration and 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 day after administration, and it had no significant difference (P>0.05). The somatic cell counts per quarter at different time-points were all in the range of 300-500 thousand per milliliter. There were also no obvious difference in the average rectal temperature of 38.3, 38.4, 38.3, 38.3, 38.3, 38.2 and 38.3℃ at different time-points. The results for bacteria showed that totally 8 strains of E.coli, 5 strains of Streptococcus and 7 strains of Staphylococcus were isolated from the milk samples before administration, but only 1 strain of Streptococcus, 1 strain of Staphylococcus, and 1 strain of E.coli were isolated on 10 day after administration, and no new species of bacteria were found.【Conclusion】It was concluded that cefquinome sulfate intramammary infusion(Dry Cow) is safe for dairy cow, since it has no adverse effect on rectal temperature, milk yield and somatic cell counts.

Key words: cefquinome sulfate intramammary infusion, dry cow, safety, somatic cell counts

吴彤，张道康，刘茂林，黄慧丽，张宁，徐飞，刘义明. 硫酸头孢喹肟乳房注入剂（干乳期）对奶牛安全性的研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(20): 4040-4046.

WU Tong, ZHANG Dao-kang, LIU Mao-lin, HUANG Hui-li, ZHANG Ning, XU Fei, LIU Yi-ming. The Safety Evaluation of Cefquinome Sulfate Intramammary Infusion (Dry Cow)[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(20): 4040-4046.

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