硫酸头孢喹肟子宫注入剂对奶牛的安全性研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.22.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】了解硫酸头孢喹肟子宫注入剂对健康奶牛的正常体温、生产性能和子宫内菌群的影响。【方法】选用10头健康的奶牛，所选奶牛在试验前30天内未全身性或子宫内给予任何抗生素，奶牛正常饲养管理，日粮和饮水中不含有任何抗菌药物。给药前1天统计记录各试验奶牛的日产奶量（早、中、晚3次产奶量的加和），试验当天测量并记录每头试验奶牛的直肠温度，并采集子宫分泌物进行病原菌检测，采样前用75%的乙醇棉球对阴道边缘及内侧进行消毒，将灭菌的子宫洗涤器送入子宫内吸取患牛子宫内容物，置灭菌试管内冷冻保存带回实验室进行检测。然后子宫内注入硫酸头孢喹肟子宫注入剂（规格：25mL：900mg/支），1支/次/头，连用两次，间隔72h。给药期间及样品采集期间，试验奶牛正常投入生产和饲养管理，日粮和饮水中不含有任何药物，也不能全身或局部给予任何药物。在最后一次给药后的第1、3、5、7、10天分别统计记录每头奶牛的日产奶量和直肠温度；在最后一次给药后的第10天，采集子宫分泌物进行病原菌检测。比较奶牛用药前后日产奶量、直肠温度、子宫分泌物中病原菌的变化。【结果】给药前1天和最后一次给药后的第1、3、5、7、10天，试验奶牛的日产奶量平均值分别为28.8、29.2、29.7、29.6、29.9和30.2kg，总体上有一定的增加，但是期间也有波动，X2检验的结果显示相互之间并无显著性差异（P＞0.05）；直肠温度平均值分别为38.5、38.5、38.4、38.4、38.4和38.4℃，相互之间也无显著性差异（P＞0.05）；病原菌检测结果显示，在给药前0天采集的子宫分泌物样品中，分离到大肠杆菌、链球菌、葡萄球菌和化脓棒状杆菌分别为3株、3株、2株和1株，最后一次给药后第10天采集的子宫分泌物样品中仅分离到大肠杆菌2株、葡萄球菌1株，链球菌和化脓棒状杆菌未分离到。与给药前相比，子宫分泌物中的病原菌数量有所减少，同时，没有增加新的病原菌。【结论】硫酸头孢喹肟子宫注入剂对奶牛正常体温、生产性能和子宫内菌群没有不良影响，该制剂用于奶牛是安全的。

关键词: 奶牛, 硫酸头孢喹肟, 子宫注入剂, 安全性

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this experiment is to study comprehend the effect of cefquinome sulfate uterus infusion on the normal body temperature, production performance and bacteria in the uterus of dairy cows. 【Method】Ten healthy dairy cows were selected in this experiment. The selected cows were fed normally and not given any antibiotics systemicly or in uterus within 30 days before the test. There were not any antimicrobial drugs in daily ration and drinking water of cows. The total daily milk yields of all experimental cows were recorded 1 day before administration (early, middle and late yield). On the day of administration, the rectal temperature was measured and recorded, then the uterus secretion was collected and detected. The edge and inside of the vagina were disinfected with 75% alcohol before collection, then uterus secretion was received by sterilization of Uterus Syringe for Animal Use. One piece of cefquinome sulfate uterus infusion (dose:25ml:900mg/piece) was injected into uterus of each cow for 2 times，and its interval of the administration was 72 h. During the administration and sampling period, the cows were treated normally. Daily milk yields and rectal temperature of all experimental cows were recorded, respectively, on day 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 after the last administration. Uterus secretion was collected and detected on the day10 after the last administration. The differences of daily milk yield，rectal temperature and the changes of pathogen in uterus secretion before and after administration were compared and analyzed.【Result】The mean daily milk yield of experimental cows of 1 day before administration and day1, 3, 5, 7 and10 after the last administration were 28.8, 29.2, 29.7, 29.6, 29.9 and 30.2 kg, respectively. There was a certain increase overall, but there were some fluctuations during the period. The X2 test results showed that there was no significant difference of daily milk yield between each time point (P＞0.05). At the same time, the mean value of rectal temperature of each time point was 38.5, 38.5, 38.4, 38.4, 38.4 and 38.4℃, respectively, and there was also no significant difference between each time point (P＞0.05). The results showed that when cows were administrated recommended dosages of cefquinome sulfate uterus infusion, there were no significant differences in indicators all above before or after the administration (P＞0.05). Pathogen detection results showed that the number of Escherichia coli, Streptothrix, Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium pyogenes were 3, 3, 2 and 1 before administration and 2, 0, 1 and 0 after administration, respectively. The number of pathogenic bacteria in the uterus secretion decreased after administration. At the same time, new pathogens were not detected. 【Conclusion】Cefquinome sulfate uterus infusion had no harmful effect on the normal body temperature, production performance and bacteria in the uterus of dairy cows, which indicated that cefquinome sulfate uterus infusion is safe for dairy cows when administrated according to the recommended dosing regime.

Key words: cefquinome sulfate, uterus infusion, dairy cows, safety

张道康，刘义明，路永强，徐飞，王天坤，杨宇泽，李秀波. 硫酸头孢喹肟子宫注入剂对奶牛的安全性研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(22): 4597-4602.

ZHANG Dao-kang, LIU Yi-ming, LU Yong-qiang, XU Fei, WANG Tian-kun, YANG Yu-ze, Li Xiu-bo. Study on Safety of Cefquinome Sulfate Uterus Infusion in Dairy Cows[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(22): 4597-4602.

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