中国农业科学 ›› 2014, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (13): 2529-2540.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.13.005

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

籼稻与粳稻花时对茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)响应的敏感性差异

 闫志强1, 徐海1, 马作斌1, 2, 高东昌1, 徐正进1   

  1. 1、沈阳农业大学水稻研究所/农业部东北水稻生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/北方超级粳稻育种教育部重点实验室/辽宁省北方粳稻遗传育种重点实验室,沈阳 110866;
    2、辽宁省农业科学院,沈阳 110161
  • 收稿日期:2013-09-23 出版日期:2014-07-01 发布日期:2013-11-28
  • 通讯作者: 徐海,E-mail:chinaxuhai@163.com
  • 作者简介:闫志强,E-mail:yanzhiqiang1118@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    辽宁省教育厅一般项目(L2013257)

Differential Response of Floret Opening to Exo-Methyl Jasmonate Between Subsp.Indica and Subsp. Japonica in Rice

 YAN  Zhi-Qiang-1, XU  Hai-1, MA  Zuo-Bin-1, 2 , GAO  Dong-Chang-1, XU  Zheng-Jin-1   

  1. 1、Institute of Rice Research, Shenyang Agricultural University /Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture /Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Super Rice Breeding, Ministry of Education/ Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Genetics and Breeding of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866;
    2、Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161
  • Received:2013-09-23 Online:2014-07-01 Published:2013-11-28

摘要: 【目的】籼粳稻杂交可产生明显的杂种优势,是培育高产多抗品种的主要途径,但是籼稻花时早,粳稻花时晚,两者花时不遇的困难直接影响籼粳间杂种优势的充分利用。喷施茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)可有效促进水稻花时提前,本文旨在研究MeJA对籼粳稻花时性状的调控效果及其敏感性差异,为亚种间杂交稻制种产量的提高和籼粳稻杂种优势的直接利用提供理论依据。【方法】以6个籼稻和6个粳稻品种为试材,2012年和2013年分别种植于沈阳农业大学水稻研究所试验田。试验按随机区组设计,3次重复。于调查花时性状的前一日17:00、当日6:00及8:00分别喷施0.04、0.4和4 mmol•L-1浓度的MeJA,调查始花时、盛花时、终花时。花时的判断标准以一天中稻穗上第一朵颖花开放的时间作为始花时,以一天中颖花开放最多且最集中的时间作为盛花时,以所有颖花都关闭的时间作为终花时,并计算始花至盛花的持续时间(简写为始-盛时间)、盛花至终花的持续时间(简写为盛-终时间)、始花至终花的持续时间(简写为始-终时间)。【结果】对于6个籼稻品种,喷施上述3种浓度的MeJA都能极显著地促进颖花提前开放,且不同浓度处理之间未见显著差异,与对照相比差异达极显著水平;对于6个粳稻品种,喷施高浓度(4 mmol•L-1)与中浓度(0.4 mmol•L-1)的MeJA可极显著促进花时提前,且高浓度与中浓度MeJA处理之间有极显著差异,喷施低浓度(0.04 mmol•L-1)的MeJA处理与对照相比差异不显著。籼粳稻的始-盛时间,盛-终时间在喷施不同浓度MeJA处理下与对照相比并未表现出明显的规律,但喷施不同浓度的MeJA都能极显著延长籼稻开花持续时间(始-终时间),而对粳稻的影响不明显。对于籼稻品种,不同时间喷施MeJA处理之间的花时性状没有显著差异;对于粳稻品种,前日17:00与当日6:00的处理与当日8:00处理间的始花时差异显著。进一步比较了MeJA对籼粳稻开花促进程度上的差异,喷施高浓度(4 mmol•L-1)的MeJA对籼粳稻开花的促进程度没有显著差异,而低浓度(0.04 mmol•L-1)和中浓度(0.4 mmol•L-1)的处理对籼稻开花的提前程度明显高于粳稻。【结论】MeJA确能显著促进籼粳稻的开花,籼稻对MeJA调控的敏感性强于粳稻。籼稻不仅能够响应高浓度的MeJA(4 mmol•L-1)也能响应低浓度的MeJA(0.04 mmol•L-1),而粳稻只能响应较高浓度的MeJA(4 mmol•L-1 , 0.4 mmol•L-1)。籼稻对MeJA调控响应所需的时间较短,而粳稻对MeJA调控响应所需的时间较长。促进粳稻品种开花的最优组合是前日17:00喷施4 mmol•L-1的MeJA,对籼稻品种,促进花时提前的最优组合因具体品种而异,以0.04 mmol•L-1的MeJA于早晨喷施最为经济有效。

关键词: 茉莉酸甲酯 , 花时 , 籼稻和粳稻

Abstract: 【Objective】 hybrids between indica and japonica rice can produce significant hybrid vigor or heterosis, application of which can improve yields and tolerance to the biotic and abiotic stresses of rice. One of the major factors limiting the application of heterosis in rice is the big difference of flowering time in a day between the two subspecies. Indica rice often blooms early, but japonica rice blooms later. The flowering asynchronism will reduce the yields of hybrid seeds, enhance the cost of hybrid seed production, and further constrain the application of heterosis between the two subspecies. Previous results show that spraying methyl jasmonate (MeJA) can effectively promote rice flowering in the day. But the sensitivity of flowering time of rice varieties to MeJA remains obscure. In this study, the differential responses of the floret opening to MeJA between indica and japonica rice were investigated, which will provide a theoretical basis for improving the yields of the inter-subspecies hybrid rice seed production and enhancing the possibility to utilize the heterosis between indica and japonica rice directly.【Method】 To investigate the dynamics of floret opening, six varieties of subsp. indica and japonica were respectively, planted in the experimental station of Rice Research Institute at Shenyang Agricultural University in 2012 and 2013. Three concentrations of MeJA, 0.04 mmol•L-1, 0.4 mmol•L-1, and 4 mmol•L-1, were sprayed on the panicle and top leaves of the rice plants at 17:00 last afternoon, 6:00 and 8:00 in the morning, respectively. Water, no addition of MeJA, was used as control (CK). The flowering-begin-time (FBT), the vigorous-flowering-time (VFT), the flowering-end-time (FET), the time from the beginning of flowering to vigorous flowering (BVT), the time from the beginning of vigorous flowering to flowering end (VET), the time from the beginning of flowering to end (BET) of indica and japonica rice were investigated after application of MeJAs at different times. Criteria for determining the flowering time were as follows: The time of the first flower opening, the time of the most flowers opening, and the time of all the flowers closed were used as the measurement of the FBT, the VFT, and the FET, respectively. The experiment was designed on the randomized block with three replications.【Result】 The concentration of MeJA could significantly promote the flowering time of indica rice compared to the no MeJA treatment (CK). There was no significant difference among the MeJA treatments. Flowering time in a day of japonica rice only responded to the high (4 mmol•L-1) and medium (0.4 mmol•L-1) concentrations of MeJA. There was a significant difference between high concentration and medium concentration of MeJA treatments. The concentration of MeJA had no significant effect on the BVT and VET of both indica rice and japonica rice in contrast to CK. However, the application of MeJA, no matter of the concentration, could obviously extend the BET in indica rice. The spraying time did not affect the flowering time of indica rice. In contrast to indica rice, spraying MeJA at different times of a day, such as 5:00 pm last afternoon, 6:00 am, and 8:00 am in the morning, had significant effects on the flowering time of japonica rice. The results also indicated that high concentration of MeJA could promote the flowering time of indica and japonica rice equally. But lower (0.04 mmol•L-1) and medium (0.4 mmol•L-1) concentrations of MeJA were more effective on accelerating flowering of japonica rice than that of indica rice.【Conclusion】The initial time of floret opening in all indica and japonica rice varieties tested was significantly promoted by applying 4 mmol•L-1 and 0.4 mmol•L-1 of MeJA. The flowering time in a day of six indica varieties, not all, was response to the low dosage of MeJA (0.04 mmol•L-1), suggesting that indica rice was more sensitive to the MeJA treatments compared to japonica rice. The varieties of indica rice responded to MeJA more quickly than japonica rice. Longer time was needed for varieties of japonica rice to flowering as the results of applying MeJA. Treatment with high concentration (4 mmol•L-1) of MeJA at 17:00 last afternoon was the best combination to promote flowering of japonica rice. The optimal combination to promote flowering of indica rice varied from cultivar to cultivar. The most economic and efficient combination was 0.04 mmol•L-1 MeJA sprayed in the morning.

Key words: methyl jasmonate , floret opening time , subsp. indica rice and japonica rice