锦橙裂果的钙素营养生理及施钙效果研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.06.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】了解矿质营养与锦橙裂果的关系及其生理机制，探讨钙在锦橙裂果中的作用及其对果皮酶活性的影响，为有效降低柑橘裂果提供理论及技术支撑。【方法】通过对北碚447锦橙果园的调查研究和采样分析，研究裂果和正常果功能叶片、果皮和果肉中N、P、K、Ca含量及相关酶的活性；采用田间试验在花前及幼果期进行喷钙处理，研究钙对裂果及果皮结构物（果胶）及其水解酶类、活性氧清除酶类、多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性的影响。【结果】裂果植株叶片和裂果果皮、果肉中的钙含量显著低于正常果，裂果率与果皮中的钙呈极显著的负相关；裂果果皮中PPO、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）、纤维素酶（CX）的活性较高，而过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性较低；果实的裂果率与果皮中的PPO活性成显著正相关，与CAT活性和原果胶(PP)含量呈极显著的负相关。喷钙处理显著降低了果皮中丙二醛（MDA）的含量和PPO、POD、PG、CX活性，提高了SOD、CAT活性以及原果胶含量。【结论】果皮中钙含量不足导致细胞壁水解酶（PG、CX）和多酚氧化酶活性提高、维持果皮强度和延展性的原果胶含量降低是锦橙裂果发生的主要原因，外源喷钙能显著降低果实膨大期的裂果率，喷施钙肥是减少锦橙裂果的重要措施。

关键词: 锦橙, 裂果, 钙, 果胶, 果皮细胞酶

Abstract: 【Objective】 The main purpose of this paper was to study the effect of mineral nutrition and enzyme activities on fruit cracking of Jincheng orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck), and propose comprehensive prevention measures. 【Method】 Fruit cracking rate of Beibei 447 Jincheng orange was investigated to research the differences of N, P, K, Ca concentrations and enzyme activities in leaves, peel and pulp between cracked fruits and normal ones. The effects of calcium on pectin, malonaldehyde (MDA) and enzymes related to hydrolysis and reactive oxygen species clearing and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) of citrus peel were studied by spraying calcium nitrate before blossom and young fruit period of Beibei 447 Jincheng orange. 【Result】 The concentrations of Ca in leaves, peel and pulp of normal fruits were higher than those of cracked ones. Fruit cracking rate was negatively correlated to Ca concentration in citrus peel significantly. The activities of PPO, polygalacturonase ( PG ) and cellulase (CX) of cracked fruits were higher than those of normal ones, but those of catalase (CAT) were lower. Fruit cracking rate was positively correlated to PPO and negatively correlated to CAT and the concentration of protopectin (PP) significantly. The concentration of MDA, the activities of PPO, PG, CX of citrus peel at fruit rapid-expanding stages decreased by spraying calcium while the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT and the concentration of protopectin (PP) increased significantly. 【Conclusion】 Low concentration of Ca in citrus peel resulted in increase of activities of enzymes (PPO, PG and CX) in cell-wall metabolism. The low protopectin concentration that might maintain intensity and extensibility of citrus peel was the main cause for fruit cracking. Spraying calcium on citrus trees decreased fruit cracking rate and could be regarded as an important measure to prevent fruit cracking of Jincheng orange.

Key words: Jincheng orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck), fruit cracking, calcuim, pectin, enzymes in peel cell

温明霞, 石孝均. 锦橙裂果的钙素营养生理及施钙效果研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(6): 1127-1134.

WEN Ming-Xia, SHI Xiao-Jun. Influence of Calcium on Fruit Cracking of Jincheng Orange and Its Physiological Mechanism[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(6): 1127-1134.

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