君子兰种间杂交及自交亲和性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.18.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】以君子兰属（Clivia Lindl.）大花君子兰（C. miniata）、黄花君子兰（C. miniata var. citrina）、垂笑君子兰（C. nobilis）为试材，进行种或变种间正反交及自交，研究不同种或变种间杂交组合的亲和性。【方法】采用离体培养法对杂交亲本花粉生活力进行观察，利用荧光显微镜观察授粉后花粉萌发及花粉管伸长，并调查种间杂交坐果率及单果种子数。【结果】大花君子兰和黄花君子兰花粉生活力较高，均达80%以上，而垂笑君子兰的花粉生活力最低，为42.6%。垂笑君子兰为母本分别与大花君子兰和黄花君子兰杂交时，坐果率较低，分别为15.9 %和19.1 %，单果种子数分别为1.2个和1.4个，而其反交的坐果率和单果种子数均高于正交。大花君子兰与变种黄花君子兰正反交坐果率均达50%以上，单果种子数达5个以上，说明其亲和性强。荧光观察发现，垂笑君子兰作父本种间杂交时比自交花粉萌发明显滞后，花粉管伸长较慢，在96 h 内极少有花粉管到达子房。垂笑君子兰作母本时，发现柱头中胼胝质阻碍了花粉萌发。【结论】君子兰种间正反交亲和性有一定差异，垂笑君子兰作父本时坐果率高于其反交组合，且种间正反交的坐果率和单果种子数明显低于自交，但大花君子兰和变种黄花君子兰正反交组合的坐果率均较高。不同种间杂交的花粉管和柱头中均出现大量胼胝质。

关键词:

君子兰, 种间杂交, 亲和性, 坐果率

Abstract: 【Objective】 Three Clivia species or varieties, including C. miniata, C. miniata var. citrina and C. nobilis, were used as experimental materials in this research, and the interspecific reciprocal crosses and selfing were carried out in order to study the compatibility. 【Method】 The pollen viability of the species or varieties was determined via culture in vitro，and the pollen germination and pollen tube behavior after pollination were observed via fluorescence microscope. 【Result】 The results indicated that the pollen viability of C. nobilis was the lowest of 42.6%, whereas it was above 80% in both C. miniata and C. miniata var. citrina. The fruit setting rate in the cross of C. nobilis × C. miniata and C. nobilis × C. miniata var. citrina was 15.9% and 19.1% respectively, and the average number of seeds per fruit was 1.2 and 1.4, respectively, but the fruit setting rate and the seeds per fruit were higher in their inverse cross combinations. The fruit setting rate of reciprocal crosses between C. miniata and C. miniata var. citrina was above 50%, and the seeds per fruit reached above 5, which showed the compatibility was good. In contrast to selfing of C. nobilis, the pollens of C. nobilis in interspecific crosses germinated later and elongated slower obviously, and few pollen tubes reached ovary within 96 h after pollination via fluorescence microscope. The calloses observed on stigmas of C. nobilis hindered pollen germination when C. nobilis was used as the female parent. 【Conclusion】 The cross-compatibility was different in interspecific reciprocal crosses in Clivia. The fruit setting rate was higher while C. nobilis was used as the male parent. The fruit setting rate and the average number of seeds per fruit in interspecific reciprocal crosses were obviously lower than in selfing except the reciprocal cross combination of C. miniata and C. miniata var. citrina, in which there was a relative high value. The calloses were observed in pollen tubes and on stigma in all interspecific cross combinations.

Key words:

Clivia Lindl., interspecific hybridization, compatibility, fruit setting rate

中图分类号:

S 685.99

王冲, 雷家军, 姜闯, 邢桂梅. 君子兰种间杂交及自交亲和性[J]. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(18): 3822-3829.

WANG Chong, LEI Jia-Jun, JIANG Chuang, XING Gui-Mei. Study on Cross-Compatibility of Interspecific Hybridization and Selfing in Clivia Lindl.[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(18): 3822-3829.

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