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Natural variations and geographical distributions of seed carotenoids and chlorophylls in 1 167 Chinese soybean accessions

Berhane S. GEBREGZIABHER, ZHANG Sheng-rui, Muhammad AZAM, QI Jie, Kwadwo G. AGYENIM-BOATENG, FENG Yue, LIU Yi-tian, LI Jing, LI Bin, SUN Jun-ming

2023, 22 (9): 2632-2647. DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.10.011

Abstract （179） PDF in ScienceDirect

Understanding the composition and contents of carotenoids in various soybean seed accessions is important for their nutritional assessment. This study investigated the variability in the concentrations of carotenoids and chlorophylls and revealed their associations with other nutritional quality traits in a genetically diverse set of Chinese soybean accessions comprised of cultivars and landraces. Genotype, planting year, accession type, seed cotyledon color, and ecoregion of origin significantly influenced the accumulation of carotenoids and chlorophylls. The mean total carotenoid content was in the range of 8.15–14.72 µg g^–1 across the ecoregions. The total carotenoid content was 1.2-fold higher in the landraces than in the cultivars. Soybeans with green cotyledons had higher contents of carotenoids and chlorophylls than those with yellow cotyledons. Remarkably, lutein was the most abundant carotenoid in all the germplasms, ranging from 1.35–37.44 µg g^–1. Carotenoids and chlorophylls showed significant correlations with other quality traits, which will help to set breeding strategies for enhancing soybean carotenoids without affecting the other components. Collectively, our results demonstrate that carotenoids are adequately accumulated in soybean seeds, however, they are strongly influenced by genetic factors, accession type, and germplasm origin. We identified novel germplasms with the highest total carotenoid contents across the various ecoregions of China that could serve as the genetic materials for soybean carotenoid breeding programs, and thereby as the raw materials for food sectors, pharmaceuticals, and the cosmetic industry.

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Utilizing comprehensive decision analysis methods to determine an optimal planting pattern and nitrogen application for winter oilseed rape

DU Ya-dan, CUI Bing-jing, ZHANG Qian, SUN Jun, WANG Zhen, NIU Wen-quan

2020, 19 (9): 2229-2238. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62870-4

Abstract （115） PDF in ScienceDirect

Oilseed rape is one of the most important oil crops globally. Attaining the appropriate cultivation method (planting pattern and nitrogen level) is necessary to achieve high yield, quality and resource utilization efficiency. However, the optimal method for oilseed rape varies across countries and regions. The objective of the present study was to determine an appropriate cultivation method, including planting pattern and nitrogen application, for winter oilseed rape in northwestern China. Two planting patterns: ridge film mulching and furrow planting (RFMF) and flat planting (FP), and six nitrogen (N) amounts: 0 (N0), 60 (N60), 120 (N120), 180 (N180), 240 (N240), and 300 (N300) kg N ha^–1 were applied across three growing seasons (2014–2017). Three comprehensive decision analysis methods: principal component analysis, grey correlation degree analysis and the combined entropy weight and dynamic technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution method were used to evaluate the growth and physiological indicators, nutrient uptake, yield, quality, evapotranspiration, and water use efficiency of winter oilseed rape. Planting pattern, nitrogen amount and their interaction significantly affected the indicators aforementioned. The RFMF pattern significantly increased all indicators over the FP pattern. Application of N also markedly increased all the indicators except for seed oil content, but the yield, oil production and water use efficiency were decreased when N fertilizer exceeded 180 kg N ha^–1 under FP and 240 kg N ha^–1 under RFFM. The evaluation results of the three comprehensive decision analysis methods indicated that RFMF planting pattern with 240 kg N ha^–1 is an appropriate cultivation method for winter oilseed rape in northwestern China. These findings are of vital significance to maximize yield, optimize quality and improve resource use efficiencies of winter oilseed rape.

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Potato farmers’ preference for agricultural insurance in China: An investigation using the choice experimental method

HUANG Ze-ying, Alec ZUO, SUN Jun-mao, GUO Yan-zhi

2020, 19 (4): 1137-1148. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62868-6

Abstract （167） PDF in ScienceDirect

Potato insurance plays an important role in transferring agricultural risks to promote the potato staple strategy. Understanding farmers’ real preferences for potato insurance attributes is important to improve the potato insurance. In this study, a choice experiment was designed with attributes such as peril, minimum compensation ratio for production loss, types of crops covered by insurance, annual premium per mu after subsidy, and complexity of claims procedures. We constructed a mixed logit model based on a questionnaire survey of 362 potato farmers’ choices of insurance attributes from 24 villages in Dingxi City of Gansu Province using random sampling. The results show that: (1) farmers prefer agricultural insurance with widely perils including output price drop and input cost risk; (2) farmers who have suffered plant disease and insect and pest damage are willing to pay a high premium for the insurance with a high compensation ratio and several types of crops covered; full-time farmers and large-scale farmers preferred insurance products with low complexity of claims procedures. Therefore, new potato insurance design could be considered specifically for different farmer groups such as those who had previous disaster experiences, and large- or small-scale farm operations.

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Molecular Diversity and Association Analysis of Drought and Salt Tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum L. Germplasm

JIA Yin-hua, SUN Jun-ling, WANG Xi-wen, ZHOU Zhong-li, PAN Zao-e, HE Shou-pu, PANG Bao-yin, WANG Li-ru , DU Xiong-ming

2014, 13 (8): 1845-1853. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60668-1

Abstract （1429） PDF in ScienceDirect

Association mapping is a useful tool for the detection of genes selected during plant domestication based on their linkage disequilibrium (LD). This study was carried out to estimate genetic diversity, population structure and the extent of LD to develop an association framework in order to identify genetic variations associated with drought and salt tolerance traits. 106 microsatellite marker primer pairs were used in 323 Gossypium hirsutum germplasms which were grown in the drought shed and salt pond for evaluation. Polymorphism (PIC=0.53) was found, and three groups were detected (K=3) with the second likelihood ΔK using STRUCTURE software. LD decay rates were estimated to be 13-15 cM at r2 0.20. Significant associations between polymorphic markers and drought and salt tolerance traits were observed using the general linear model (GLM) and mixed linear model (MLM) (P 0.01). The results also demonstrated that association mapping within the population structure as well as stratification existing in cotton germplasm resources could complement and enhance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) information for marker-assisted selection.

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Comparative Analysis of Gene Expression Profiling Between Resistant and Susceptible Varieties Infected With Soybean Cyst Nematode Race 4 in Glycine max

LI Bin, SUN Jun-ming, WANG Lan, ZHAO Rong-juan , WANG Lian-zheng

2014, 13 (12): 2594-2607. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60756-5

Abstract （1145） PDF in ScienceDirect

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is one of the most devastating pathogen for soybean. Therefore, identification of resistant germplasm resources and resistant genes is needed to improve SCN resistance for soybean. Soybean varieties Huipizhiheidou and Wuzhaiheidou were distributed in China and exhibited broad spectrums of resistance to various SCN races. In this study, these two resistant varieties, combined with standard susceptible varieties (Lee and Essex), were utilized to identify the differentially expressed transcripts after infection with SCN race 4 between resistant and susceptible reactions by using the Affymetrix Soybean Genome GeneChip. Comparative analyses indicated that 21 common genes changed significantly in the resistant group, of which 16 increased and 5 decreased. However, 12 common genes changed significantly in the susceptible group, of which 9 increased and 3 decreased. Additionally, 27 genes were found in common between resistant and susceptible reactions. The 21 significantly changed genes in resistant reaction were associated with disease and defense, cell structure, transcription, metabolism, and signal transduction. The fold induction of 4 from the 21 genes was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR (qRTPCR) analysis. Moreover, the gene ontology (GO) enrichment analyses demonstrated the serine family amino acid metabolic process and arginine metabolic process may play important roles in SCN resistance. This study provided a new insight on the genetic basis of soybean resistance to SCN race 4, and the identified resistant or resistant-related genes are potentially useful for SCN-resistance breeding in soybean.

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GDNF Up-Regulates c-Myc Transcription via the PI3K/Akt Pathway to Promote Dairy Goat Male Germline Stem Cells (mGSC) Proliferation

SUN Jun-wei, ZHU Hai-jing, LIU Chao, LI Ming-zhao , HUA Jin-lian

2013, 12 (6): 1054-1065. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60263-4

Abstract （1395） PDF in ScienceDirect

Studies have demonstrated that regulation of GDNF on male germline stem cells (mGSCs) mainly through Ras/Erk1/2, Src family kinase and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, but the signaling pathways GDNF-mediated are different when the species and cell lines varied. Whether GDNF regulates self-renewal of mGSCs isolated from livestock has not been reported. Here, we purified mGSCs from dairy goat testis using mixed enzymes and fibronectin. Immunofluoresce staining revealed the cultured dairy mGSCs expressed Vasa, Nanos2, Ngn3, Tert, Dazl, Lin28, Oct4, CD49f, Stra8 and GFRa1, reflecting that these cells were mGSCs phenotype. Then we cultured these dairy goat mGSCs in different concentrations of GDNF (0, 5, 10, or 20 ng mL-1) to optimize the best concentration of GDNF to sustain the dairy goat mGSCs self-renewal, after that the inhibitor of PI3K (LY294002, 10 μmol L-1) was added to the medium which contains the optimal concentration of GDNF we obtained by experiments. The mGSCs cultured in different media were compared through the population doubling time (PDT), capacity of cell proliferation evaluated by PCNA and BrdU immunofluorescence staining, RT-PCR, QRT-PCR, Western blotting and flow cytometry. Results showed that 10 ng mL-1 was the optimal concentration of GDNF to maintain goat mGSCs self-renewal and GDNF up-regulates c-Myc transcription via the PI3K/Akt pathway to promote goat mGSCs proliferation. This study provides us an efficient model to study the mechanism in mGSCs proliferation and differentiation in goat, and has important implications in unveiling signaling pathways in livestock GSCs.

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