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1. 腐烂茎线虫中药材群体ITS单倍型分析
NI Chun-hui, HAN Bian, LIU Yong-gang, Maria MUNAWAR, LIU Shi-ming, LI Wen-hao, SHI Ming-ming, LI Hui-xia, PENG De-liang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (6): 1763-1781.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.126
摘要181)      PDF    收藏

腐烂茎线虫(Ditylenchus destructor)是一种重要的检疫性病原线虫,严重危害甘薯、马铃薯和中药材等根茎类作物。该线虫种内分化明显,根据ITS-rDNA序列差异,国外的研究将其分为A-G 7个单倍型,主要集中于马铃薯和甘薯的线虫群体。本研究对腐烂茎线虫中药材群体ITS-rDNA序列及其RNA二级结构进行分析以明确单倍型分化,并通过ITS-rDNA28S D2-D3系统发育关系、ITS-RFLRITS特异性引物PCR扩增进一步验证不同群体单倍型分化。甘肃、青海、陕西、内蒙和黑龙江等5个省采集当归、党参、马铃薯和甘薯的腐烂茎线虫群体43个,其中中药材群体37。线虫群体的ITS-rDNA序列长度为727 bp-969 bp,长度差异主要表现在ITS1区串联重复序列的数量不同串联重复序列在ITS1二级结构中形成了稳定的茎环,即H9螺旋。H9螺旋结构的有无及其差异,43群体的ITS-rDNA序列可划分10个单倍型与已知单倍型(A-G)对比分析,发现其中3单倍型分别AB和C单倍型一致,而另外7单倍型与已知单倍型不同,将其依次命名为HIJKLMN单倍型,7单倍来源于中药材。综合本研究和已知单倍型分体系,腐烂茎线虫中发现A-N 14个单倍型。ITS28S系统发育分析显示,所有单倍型群体分化为两支:A单倍型为一支,B-N单倍型为一支。对比ITS28S系统发育,发现A单倍型均单独聚为一支,但B-N分不太一致且不同单倍型系统发育关系较为混乱。ITS-RFLP和特异性引物PCR结果显示H和A单倍型酶切图谱和特异性片段长度相同, B和C单倍型特异性片段长度相同,但其它单倍型间存在明显差异。除K单倍型不同群体间有差异外,其单倍型群体间明显差异。本研究发现了腐烂茎线虫中药材群体中存在新的单倍型,并明确了不同单倍型差异,该结果将推动茎线虫生物学的研究进展,且对中药材腐烂茎线虫的识别和防治具有指导意义。

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2. Resistance of barley varieties to Heterodera avenae in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China
Yan Jia-hui, Jia Jian-ping, JIANG Li-ling, Peng De-liang, Liu Shi-ming, Hou Sheng-ying, YU Jing-wen, Li Hui-xia, Huang Wen-kun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (5): 1401-1413.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63769-3
摘要149)      PDF    收藏

禾谷孢囊线虫H. avenae是一种重要的植物病原线虫,严重影响禾谷类作物的产量。目前已在我国河南、河北、江苏、青海、西藏等16个省(市)发生危害。本研究通过人工接种试验和田间试验,利用抽穗期根系中的线虫数量指标评价了青海栽培二棱大麦 (QH2R)、青海栽培六棱大麦 (QH6R) 和西藏栽培二棱大麦 (TB2R) 对禾谷孢囊线虫的抗病性,并通过接种试验和显微观察,评价了两个高抗品种中线虫的侵染和发育情况。为更好地评价不同品种对H. avenae的抗感性,首先比较了两种常用的抗性评价方法——繁育系数法 (PPR) 和单株雌虫/孢囊数量法 (NFP) 的准确性。对田间自然条件下186个品种受害情况的调查结果表明,利用NFP法鉴定出的感病品种数量显著高于PPR法鉴定的感病品种数量,表明NFP法更利于鉴定大麦品种的抗病性。通过2015年至2017年的田间试验及2018年的人工接种试验,发现QH2R系列品种中形成的雌虫/孢囊数量最少,显著低于QH6R和TB2R系列品种。综合接种试验与田间试验的结果,从QH2R系列品种中鉴定出8个高抗品种 (Sunong7617, Sunong7635, Dongyuan87-14, Rudong14-46, Rudong87-57, Rudong87-8-45, Rudong88-14-2, Rudong88-67-1),平均单株孢囊数量低于4.2个。对线虫发育进程的显微观察表明,高抗品种 (Sunong7635和Dongyuan87-14) 中H. avenae幼虫的侵入数量显著低于感病品种中幼虫的侵入数量,并且幼虫发育成雌虫的数量也显著减少。本研究中鉴定的高抗品种对于育种工作者培育禾谷孢囊线虫抗性品种、更加经济有效地控制禾谷孢囊线虫的危害等具有重要意义


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3. Molecular and morphological characterization of stunt nematodes of wheat, maize, and rice in the savannahs of northern Nigeria
Sulaiman ABDULSALAM, , PENG Huan, LIU Shi-ming, HUANG Wen-kun, KONG Ling-an, PENG De-liang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (2): 586-595.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63696-1
摘要220)      PDF    收藏
Stunt nematodes (Tylenchorhynchus spp.) are obligate migratory root ecto-parasitic nematodes found in the fields of many cultivated crops.  These nematodes, with phyto-sanitary potential, are frequently ignored or misdiagnosed as pests, and this may pose a threat to food security.  The accuracy of its identification based on a morphological approach has been challenged recently, due to the overlapping of the morphological and morphometric characters of the species.  Consequently, the objective of this study is to identify and characterize stunt nematodes present in 54 fields cultivated with cereal crops (wheat, maize and rice) in the savannahs of northern Nigeria, using integrative taxonomy and molecular approaches.  The molecular and morphological studies identified and confirmed the presence of T. annulatus as the occurring specie in the savannahs of northern Nigeria.  The phylogenetic analysis was carried out using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 28S genes of ribosomal DNA further confirmed the presence of T. annulatus.  The first molecular characterization and sequences of the ITS and 28S rDNA gene for T. annulatus from Nigeria were provided by this research.  Also, according to our literature search, this is the first report on T. annulatus in wheat, maize and rice in the savannahs of northern Nigeria.  Further study to test the pathogenicity of the parasitic nematode species found in this survey is recommended for the prioritization and development of efficient management strategies.
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4. JIA-2021-1981 硫酸钾诱导水稻对拟禾谷根结线虫 (Meloidogyne graminicola) 的抗性
LIU Mao-Yan, PENG De-liang, SU Wen, XIANG Chao, JIAN Jin-zhuo, ZHAO Jie, PENG Huan, LIU Shi-ming, KONG Ling-an, DAI Liang-ying, HUANG Wen-kun, LIU Jing
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (11): 3263-3277.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.002
摘要268)      PDF    收藏

钾(K)是一种重要的营养元素,可以提高作物的抗逆性/耐受性。K在抗植物寄生线虫中的应用表明,K处理可以减少线虫病的发生,提高作物产量。然而,K在水稻抗拟禾谷根结线虫(Meloidogyne graminicola)中的研究仍然缺乏。本研究首先用K2SO4直接处理线虫,发现K2SO4对线虫的死亡率、侵染率以及发育水平无显著影响;接着通过温室盆栽接种,发现0.5 mM K2SO4处理水稻后,根中的根结和线虫数量分别下降了57.2±4.4% 59.2±6.6%,成年雌虫比例(70.9±5.6%)显著低于对照(90.7±5.1%),同时幼虫比例(27.0±6.3%)显著高于对照(6.0±3.2%),而水稻的生长不受影响;统计Pluronic明胶中水稻根尖吸引的线虫数量,发现接种后6小时K2SO4处理与清水处理之间并无显著差异;对接种后7天根结中巨细胞的形态、大小和数量进行显微观察,发现两个处理间也不存在显著差异;接着检测根结中胼胝质沉积,发现K2SO4处理后其沉积面积增加了67.9%,同时其合成基因OsGSL1和降解基因OsGNS5分别显著上调和下调;另外检测H2O2累积发现,接种后824 小时K2SO4处理的根中H2O2含量分别增加了78.2% 118.7%,同时其合成基因OsRbohB也显著上调;再对水杨酸、茉莉酸、乙烯以及油菜素内酯等信号通路相关基因和病程相关蛋白基因的表达进行定量分析,发现在线虫侵染初期K2SO4处理显著上调了某些抗病相关基因的表达;最后对K通道基因OsAKT1和转运蛋白基因OsHAK5缺陷型植株进行接种,发现根结和线虫数量显著增加并且线虫的发育加快,同时K2SO4的作用降低。这些说明K2SO4通过激发基础防御反应提高了水稻对线虫的抗性,并且K通道和转运蛋白积极参与了寄主抗性。K及其通道和转运蛋白在寄主抗性中的应用,为进一步研究水稻抗线虫机制以及钾在植物抗生物胁迫中的功能奠定了基础。低钾能诱导水稻对拟禾谷根结线虫的抗性,为田间有效利用钾肥防控线虫病害提供了理论依据。

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5. JIA-2021-1540
LIU Zhi, ZHANG Liu-ping, ZHAO Jie, JIAN Jin-zhuo, PENG Huan, HUANG Wen-kun, KONG Ling-an, PENG De-liang, LIU Shi-ming
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (10): 2973-2983.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.048
摘要228)      PDF    收藏

大豆孢囊线虫(SCN, Heterodera glycines)严重制约大豆生产。大豆抗线虫数量性状遗传位点Rhg4上的丝氨酸羟甲基转移酶编码基因(GmSHMT08)对大豆孢囊线虫有显著的抗性,但该基因如何介导了对大豆孢囊线虫的抗性机制仍不明晰,GmSHMT08能否与大豆孢囊线虫产生的蛋白发生互作仍不明确。本研究以GmSHMT08作为诱饵,通过酵母双杂交体系在线虫中筛选出了与GmSHMT08互作的一个热休克蛋白70片段(HgHSP70p)。通过GST pull-down和荧光双分子互补,进一步验证了HgHSP70p与GmSHMT08之间存在互作关系。本研究发现的HgHSP70基因可以作为关键候选基因,用于进一步探究GmSHMT08介导的对大豆孢囊线虫的抗性机制。

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6. Effect of Aspergillus niger NBC001 on the soybean rhizosphere microbial community in a soybean cyst nematode-infested field
JIN Na, LIU Shi-ming, PENG Huan, HUANG Wen-kun, KONG Ling-an, PENG De-liang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (12): 3230-3239.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63467-0
摘要155)      PDF    收藏

大豆孢囊线虫是世界范围内大豆生产的重要病原之一,生物防治目前已成为大豆孢囊线虫病防治的重要手段。黑曲霉NBC001由本实验室从小麦孢囊线虫群体上分离获得,其发酵液拌种在盆栽中不仅可以有效防治大豆孢囊线虫,而且对大豆具有一定的促生作用。本研究将在田间评价NBC001对大豆孢囊线虫的防治效果及对大豆根际土壤产生的微生态效应。研究结果表明在田间应用黑曲霉NBC001发酵浓缩液拌种可以有效防治大豆孢囊线虫病,防效达31.7%。高通量测序结果显示黑曲霉NBC001对大豆根际土壤微生物多样性和群落结构无显著影响,表明NBC001发酵浓缩液拌种对土壤生态环境安全。在大豆定植10天时,黑曲霉 NBC001促进了大豆根际土壤中放线菌门Actinobacteria,酸杆菌门Acidobacteria,叶瘤菌属Phyllobacterium,雷尔氏菌属Ralstonia和H16的丰度;而降低拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes,芽单胞菌门GemmatimonadetesAdhaeribacter,芽单胞菌属Gemmatimonas,鞘氨醇单胞菌属SphingomonasFlavisolibacter的丰度。在定植90 d时,影响程度减小,仅增加气微菌属Aeromicrobium和RB41属的丰度,降低H16的丰度,说明其对大豆根际土壤微生物物种丰度的影响是短暂的。同时结果也表明黑曲霉NBC001可以增加大豆根际土壤中有益微生物放线菌门、酸杆菌门、气微菌属和叶瘤菌属的丰度。综上所述生防菌黑曲霉NBC001对大豆根际土壤微生物无显著影响,因此在田间应用黑曲霉NBC001对土壤生态环境安全。研究结果将为黑曲霉NBC001的安全应用奠定理论基础,为大豆孢囊线虫病生物防治提供高效生防菌株。


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7. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of two new lysozyme genes from soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines)
WANG Ning, PENG Huan, LIU Shi-ming, HUANG Wen-kun, Ricardo Holgado, Jihong Liu-Clarke, PENG De-liang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (12): 2806-2813.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62766-8
摘要111)      PDF    收藏
Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines (I.)) is one of the most important soil-borne pathogens for soybeans.  In plant parasitic nematodes, including SCN, lysozyme plays important roles in the innate defense system.  In this study, two new lysozyme genes (Hg-lys1 and Hg-lys2) from SCN were cloned and characterized.  The in situ hybridization analyses indicated that the transcripts of both Hg-lys1 and Hg-lys2 accumulated in the intestine of SCN.  The qRT-PCR analyses showed that both Hg-lys1 and Hg-lys2 were upregulated after SCN second stage juveniles (J2s) were exposed to the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus subtilis or Staphylococcus aureus.  Knockdown of the identified lysozyme genes by in vitro RNA interference caused a significant decrease in the survival rate of SCN.  All of the obtained results indicate that lysozyme is very important in the defense system and survival of SCN. 
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8.
Evaluation of the biocontrol potential of Aspergillus welwitschiae against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
LIU Ying, DING Zhong, PENG De-liang, LIU Shi-ming, KONG Ling-an, PENG Huan, XIANG Chao, LI Zhong-cai, HUANG Wen-kun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (11): 2561-2570.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62610-9
摘要108)      PDF    收藏
The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola is considered one of the most devastating pests in rice-producing areas, and nematicides are neither ecofriendly nor cost effective.  More acceptable biological agents are required for controlling this destructive pathogen.  In this study, the biocontrol potential of Aspergillus welwitschiae AW2017 was investigated in laboratory and greenhouse experiments.  The in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activities of A. welwitschiae metabolites were tested on M. graminicola in laboratory experiments.  The effect of A. welwitschiae on the attraction of M. graminicola to rice and the infection of rice by M. graminicola was evaluated in a greenhouse.  The bioagent AW2017 displayed good nematicidal potential via its ovicidal and larvicidal action.  The best larvicidal activity was observed at a concentration of 5×AW2017, which caused an 86.2% mortality rate at 48 h post inoculation.  The highest ovicidal activity was recorded at a concentration of 5×AW2017, which resulted in an approximately 47.3% reduction in egg hatching after 8 d compared to the control.  Under greenhouse conditions, the application of A. welwitschiae significantly reduced the root galls and nematodes in rice roots compared to the control.  At a concentration of 5×AW2017, juveniles and root galls in rice roots at 14 d post inoculation (dpi) were reduced by 24.5 and 40.5%, respectively.  In addition, the attraction of M. graminicola to rice roots was significantly decreased in the AW2017 treatment, and the development of nematodes in the AW2017-treated plants was slightly delayed compared with that in the PDB-treated control plants.  The results indicate that A. welwitschiae is a potential biological control agent against M. graminicola in rice.
 
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9. Chemical mutagenesis and soybean mutants potential for identification of novel genes conferring resistance to soybean cyst nematode
GE Feng-yong, ZHENG Na, ZHANG Liu-ping, HUANG Wen-kun, PENG De-liang, LIU Shi-ming
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (12): 2734-2744.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62105-7
摘要283)      PDF(pc) (5218KB)(538)    收藏
The resistance of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) to soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines Ichinohe), which is a devastating pathogen in soybean production and causes a large quantity of annual yield loss worldwide, can shift during the long-term interaction and domestication.  It is vital to identify more new resistance genetic sources for identification of novel genes underlying resistance to SCN for management of this pathogen.  In the present study, first, two ethane methylsulfonate-mutagenesis soybean M2 populations of PI 437654, which shows a broad resistance to almost all of SCN races, and Zhonghuang 13, which is a soybean cultivar in China conferring strong resistance to lodging, were developed.  Many types of morphological phenotypes such as four- and five-leaflet leaves were observed from these two soybean M2 populations.  Second, 13 mutants were identified and confirmed to exhibit alteration of resistance to SCN race 4 through the forward genetic screening of 400 mutants of the PI 437654 M2 population, the rate of mutants with alteration of SCN-infection phenotype is 3.25%.  Third, these identified mutants were further verified not to show any changes in the genomic sequences of the three known SCN-resistant genes, GmSHMT08, GmSNAP18 and GmSANP11, compared to the wild-type soybean; and all of them were still resistant to SCN race 3 similar to the wild-type soybean.  Taken together, we can conclude that the 13 mutants identified in the present study carry the mutations of the new gene(s) which contribute(s) to the resistance to SCN race 4 in PI 437654 and can be potentially used as the genetic soybean sources to further identify the novel SCN-resistant gene(s).   
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10. Conidia of one Fusarium solani isolate from a soybean-production field enable to be virulent to soybean and make soybean seedlings wilted
ZHENG Na, ZHANG Liu-ping, GE Feng-yong, HUANG Wen-kun, KONG Ling-an, PENG De-liang, LIU Shi-ming
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (09): 2042-2053.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61891-4
摘要389)      PDF(pc) (22206KB)(182)    收藏
Received  13 December, 2017    Accepted  17 January, 2018
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11. Evaluation of Chinese rice varieties resistant to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola
Zhan Li-ping, Ding Zhong, Peng De-liang, Peng Huan, Kong Ling-an, Liu Shi-ming, Liu Ying, Li Zhong-cai, HUANG Wen-kun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (03): 621-630.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61802-1
摘要805)      PDF    收藏
The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola, which is distributed worldwide, is considered a major constraint on rice production in Asia.  The present study used the root gall index and number of nematodes inside the roots to evaluate resistance/susceptibility to M. graminicola in different subpopulations of Oryza sativa (aus, hybrid aus, indica, hybrid indica, temperate japonica, tropical japonica).  Nematode development in highly resistant varieties was also evaluated.  Analyses of randomly selected 35 varieties showed the number of M. graminicola nematodes inside the roots correlated very strongly (r=0.87, P≤0.05) with the nematode gall index, and the results from pot and field experiments revealed similar rankings of the varieties for resistance/susceptibility.  Among the 136 tested varieties, temperate japonica displayed the highest gall index, followed by tropical japonica, indica, hybrid indica, aus, and hybrid aus. Zhonghua 11 (aus), Shenliangyou 1 (hybrid aus) and Cliangyou 4418 (hybrid indica) were highly resistant to M. graminicola under both pot and field conditions.  Further examination of nematode development suggested that compared to susceptible rice, M. graminicola penetrated less often into highly resistant varieties and more frequently failed to develop into females.  The promising varieties found in the present research might be useful for the breeding of hybrid rice in China and for the further development of practical nematode management measures.   
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12. Occurrence, identification and phylogenetic analyses of cereal cyst nematodes (Heterodera spp.) in Turkey
CUI Jiang-kuan, PENG Huan, LIU Shi-ming, Gul Erginbas Orakci, HUANG Wen-kun, Mustafa Imren, Abdelfattah Amer Dababat, PENG De-liang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (08): 1767-1776.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61557-5
摘要743)      PDF    收藏
Plant-parasitic nematodes are very common on cereal crops and cause economic losses via reduction in grain quality and quantity. During 2014, 83 soil samples were collected from wheat and barley fields in 21 districts of 13 provinces across five regions (Central Anatolia, Marmara, Aegean, Southeast Anatolia, and Black Sea Region) of Turkey. Cyst-forming nematodes were found in 66 samples (80%), and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing and species-specific PCR identified the species in 64 samples as Heterodera filipjevi, Heterodera latipons, and Heterodera avenae. The predominant pathogenic cereal cyst nematode was H. filipjevi, which was found in all five regions surveyed. H. avenae was only detected in Southeast Anatolia whereas H. latipons was detected in Southeast Anatolia and Central Anatolia. ITS-rDNA phylogenetic analyses showed that H. avenae isolates from China clustered with H. australis, and Turkish isolates were closely related to European and USA isolates of this species. H. filipjevi from Turkey and China were clustered closely with those from the UK, Germany, Russia, and the USA. The density of many of these populations exceeded or approached the maximum threshold level for economic loss. To our knowledge, this is the first report of H. filipjevi in Diyarbakir, Edirne, and Kutahya provinces, and the first report of H. avenae in Diyarbakir Province. These results exhibit the most rigorous analysis to date on the occurrence and distribution of Heterodera spp. in Turkey’s major wheat-producing areas, thus providing a basis for more specific resistance breeding, as well as other management practices.
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13. A new pathotype characterization of Daxing and Huangyuan populations of cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) in China
CUI Jiang-kuan, HUANG Wen-kun, PENG Huan, LIU Shi-ming, WANG Gao-feng, KONG Lin-an, PENG De-liang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2015, 14 (4): 724-731.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60982-5
摘要2052)      PDF    收藏
The cereal cyst nematode (CCN, Heteroder aavenae) causes serious yield loss on cereal crops, especially wheat, worldwide. Daxing population in Beijing City and Huangyuan population in Qinghai Province, China, are two CCN populations. In this study, the CCN pathotypes of Daxing and Huangyuan populations were characterized by tests on 23 standard “International Test Assortment” with the local species Wenmai 19 as the susceptible control. Tested materials were grouped by three nematode populations’ virulence on resistant genes (Rha1, Rha2, Rha3, Cre1) and nonresistant genes, varieties and lines. Both Daxing and Huangyuan populations were avirulent to Ortolan (Ha1). Barley cvs. Ortolan, Siri, Morocco, Bajo Aragon 1-1, and Martin 403-2 were all resistant to both populations. Cultivars Herta, Harlan 43 and wheat Iskamish-K-2-light were all susceptible to Huangyuan population, all of them, however, were resistant to Daxing population. The other five oats were all resistant to the two tested CCN populations. Except Iskamisch K-2-light, all the other wheat cultivars (Capa, Loros×Koga, AUS 10894, and Psathias) were susceptible to Daxing population. Because the pathotypes of the two tested CCN populations in Beijing and Qinghai were not identical to any of the 13 pathotypes previously characterized by the test assortment, we classified Daxing and Huangyuan populations as the new pathotypes, named Ha91.
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