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1. 挥发性代谢组和转录组揭示大花粉晕香水月季花香释放节律及分子机制
ZHOU Li-jun, HUANG Run-huan, LIU Ting-han, LIU Wei-chao, CHEN Yun-yi, LU Pei-feng, LUO Le, PAN Hui-tang, YU Chao, ZHANG Qi-xiang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (7): 2111-2125.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.06.015
摘要263)      PDF    收藏

月季是世界上最重要的观赏植物之一,极高食用和药用价值,还全世界范围广泛种植用来提取精油。本研究采用固相微萃取(SPME)和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用法对在云南西北地区发现的具有甜香的新物种——大花粉晕香水月季(Rosa yangii不同开花阶段的花香成分进行提取和分析。共检测到113种挥发性有机化合物,从中筛选出69芳香挥发物我们发现大花粉晕香水月季的花朵在初开期产生和释放挥发性有机物明显高于其他开放阶段阶段合成并保留了大量的花香组分说明在工业生产更适合在初开期采收花朵。气味活性值(OAV)分析表明,大花粉晕香水月季的主要芳香成分包括丁香酚、甲基丁香醇、苯乙醛和苯乙醇、庚醛、癸醛、(E-2-己烯-1-基乙酸酯、石竹烯等。代谢组和时序基因共表达网络(TO-GCN联合分析显示,苯类/苯丙类挥发性有机化合物合成途径上的基因和有机挥发物其浓郁甜香起主要调控作用。MYBbHLH可能是调控丁香酚合成酶(EGS)异丁香酚合成酶(IGS)合成进而影响花香重要转录因子。综上所述,本研究可为观赏植物芳香分子育种提供科学依据,并促进植物精油新原料在食品储藏、芳香疗法、化妆品和香料行业的开发利用。

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2. 外源氨基酸应用促进了盛花期棉铃蛋白质合成和碳水化合物转化从而提高了棉铃Bt蛋白浓度和皮棉产量
LIU Zhen-yu, LI Yi-yang, Leila. I. M. TAMBEL, LIU Yu-ting, DAI Yu-yang, XU Ze, LENG Xin-hua, ZHANG Xiang, CHEN De-hua, CHEN Yuan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (6): 1684-1694.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.10.003
摘要198)      PDF    收藏

与其他器官相比,Bt转基因棉棉铃中杀虫蛋白含量最低。该文研究了盛花期喷施氨基酸对棉铃Bt蛋白浓度和产量形成的影响、相关的蛋白质合成和碳水化合物转化机制。2017-2018年棉花生长季节,以2个陆地棉品种(杂交种泗抗3号和常规种泗抗1号)为试验材料,设置三个处理(即CK,对照;LA1,组成Bt蛋白的5种主要氨基酸;LA2,21种氨基酸)于盛花期喷施棉铃。结果表明,棉铃Bt蛋白浓度提高5.2%-16.4%,籽棉产量提高5.5%-11.3%,2个氨基酸处理间没有差异。此外,由于氨基酸的应用,棉铃游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白含量、谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶(GPT)和谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶(GOT)活性、葡萄糖和果糖含量、可溶性酸性转化酶(SAI)活性均有所增加。同时发现,棉铃Bt蛋白含量、铃数增长量和铃重与碳氮代谢密切相关,Bt蛋白含量与游离氨基酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量呈显著以上水平线性正相关。花后15-25天,铃数增长量与GPT活性、GOT活性呈显著以上水平线性正相关。花后55-65日铃重与SAI活性呈显著以上水平线性正相关。这些结果表明,氨基酸的应用促进了棉铃蛋白质合成和碳水化合物转化,从而提高了棉铃Bt蛋白浓度和皮棉产量。

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3. 生育期内不同阶段高温胁迫下玉米的产量损失:综述
LI Teng, ZHANG Xue-peng, LIU Qing, LIU Jin, CHEN Yuan-quan, SUI Peng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (9): 2465-2476.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.013
摘要633)      PDF    收藏

不利的生长条件会造成玉米产量的降低。当前,生育期内的高温胁迫是玉米生产过程中所面临的重要威胁之一。玉米在生育期内的所有生长阶段都可能遭受连续或者间断的高温胁迫。为了应对不同生育期阶段内高温胁迫对玉米生产的影响,需要进一步综述、对比不同生长阶段内高温胁迫造成的产量损失,以及潜在的机制。为此,本文将玉米生长周期划分为七个生长阶段,即发芽和幼苗期、拔节期、营养生长后期、开花期、滞后期和有效灌浆期,以及灌浆后期。本文介绍的主要内容是不同阶段高温胁迫引起的产量损失和潜在生理变化。同时,还比较和讨论了高温胁迫对不同生长阶段生理过程影响的共性和差异。最后,提出了一个理论框架来描述不同阶段内高温胁迫对产量及产量构成要素的主要影响,这也将为制定缓解高温胁迫造成的玉米产量损失的策略提供帮助。


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4. Effects of plant density and mepiquat chloride application on cotton boll setting in wheat–cotton double cropping system
CHEN Yuan, LIU Zhen-yu, HENG Li, Leila I. M. TAMBEL, ZHANG Xiang, CHEN Yuan, CHEN De-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (9): 2372-2381.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63286-5
摘要118)      PDF    收藏

2013-2016年于扬州大学试验田,本试验对短季棉品种中棉所50(CRRI50)进行了密度(12.0、13.5和15.0株m-2)和缩节胺剂量(180、270和360 g ha-1)的组合处理。结果表明,在13.5株m-2和270g﹒ha-1 缩节胺处理下,单位面积铃数最多,棉铃日增量最高,90%以上的棉铃均出现在离地面高45-80cm范围内。综上所述,麦后直播棉种植模式下,适宜的缩节胺剂量配合高种植密度可促进集中成铃,使中、上冠层棉铃分布较多,并且不减产,从而克服目前移栽棉种植模式下用工多的问题


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5. Effects of long-term straw incorporation on nematode community composition and metabolic footprint in a rice–wheat cropping system
CHEN Yun-feng, XIA Xian-ge, HU Cheng, LIU Dong-hai, QIAO Yan, LI Shuang-lai, FAN Xian-peng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (8): 2265-2276.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63435-9
摘要156)      PDF    收藏

土壤线虫群落能指示土壤食物网结构与功能,对短期秸秆还田等农业管理措施比较敏感。但目前关于不同肥力条件下长期秸秆还田对线虫群落的影响研究较少。基于13年长期秸秆还田试验,本研究通过分析线虫群落结构、食物网指数、代谢足迹,评价了低肥力(不施肥化肥)和高肥力条件下(长期施用化肥)秸秆还田对土壤食物网结构和功能的影响。试验设置4个处理,分别为低肥力条件下秸秆不还田处理和还田处理,高肥力条件下秸秆不还田处理和还田处理。2018年在小麦和水稻收获后取样,取样深度20 cm。结果表明:低肥力条件下,与不还田处理相比,秸秆还田处理线虫总丰度、食细菌线虫丰度、植物寄生线虫丰度、杂食-捕食线虫丰度及占线虫总丰度的比例分别比不还田处理高73.06%,89.29%,95.31%,238.98%和114.61%,高肥力条件下则分别高16.23%,2.23%,19.01%,141.38%和90.23%。在不考虑取样时间和肥力条件下,与不还田处理相比,秸秆还田提高了线虫群落仙农-维纳指数和成熟度指数,表明秸秆还田提高了线虫群落多样性和稳定性。此外,秸秆还田对线虫群落富集指数、富集足迹、食细菌线虫和食真菌线虫代谢足迹影响不显著,但显著提高了植物寄生线虫代谢足迹和结构足迹,低肥力条件下提高了97.27%和305.39% ,高肥力条件下提高了11.29%和149.56%,对结构指数的影响尽管在统计上不显著,但呈现出上升的趋势,这表明秸秆还田对线虫群落的自下而上调节能力较弱,而自上而下调节能力较强。总之,长期秸秆还田主要通过自上而下效应调节线虫群落,提高了线虫群落丰度,改变了线虫群落结构,且在低肥力条件下作用更强。


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6. High plant density increases seed Bt endotoxin content in Bt transgenic cotton
CHEN Yuan, LIU Zhen-yu, HENG Li, Leila I. M. TAMBEL, CHEN De-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (7): 1796-1806.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63232-4
摘要131)      PDF    收藏

在棉花生产中,种植密度是用来控制棉铃分布、成铃情况和产量的常用栽培方法。2015年和2016年在大田条件下,研究了5种种植密度(PD1-PD5:15000;30000;45000;60000和75000株·ha-1)对两个Bt棉品种泗抗1号(常规品种)和泗抗3号(杂交品种)Bt杀虫蛋白含量的影响。单株铃数、铃重、棉铃体积均随密度的增加而减少。当种植密度从15000株/hm2增加到75000株/hm2时,棉子中Bt杀虫蛋白含量增加,2015年花后40天SK-1和SK-3中Bt杀虫蛋白含量分别增加了66.5%和53.4%,2016年SK-1和SK-3分别提高了36.8%和38.6%。氮代谢结果分析表明,随着密度的增加,可溶性蛋白含量、谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶(GPT)和谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶(GOT)活性增加,游离氨基酸含量、蛋白酶和肽酶活性降低。花后20天数据分析表明,棉子Bt杀虫蛋白含量与可溶性蛋白水平呈显著正相关,2015年在SK-1和SK-3中的相关系数分别为0.825**和0.926**,2016年在SK-1和SK-3中的相关系数分别为0.955**和0.965**。相比之下,棉子Bt杀虫蛋白水平与游离氨基酸含量呈显著负相关,2015年在SK-1和SK-3中的相关系数分别为-0.983**和-0.974**,2016年在SK-1和SK-3中的相关系数分别为-0.996**和-0.986**。为进一步证实Bt杀虫蛋白含量与氮代谢的关系,分析发现Bt杀虫蛋白含量与GPT和GOT活性呈正相关,与蛋白酶和肽酶活性呈负相关。综上所述,高种植密度增加了棉子Bt杀虫蛋白含量,该增加与单株铃数、铃重和铃体积的减少密切相关。此外,在高种植密度下,氮代谢的变化也有助于Bt杀虫蛋白含量的增加。


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7. Nitrogen spraying affects seed Bt toxin concentration and yield in Bt cotton
ZHANG Xiang, ZHOU Ming-yuan, LI Ya-bing, LIU Zhen-yu, CHEN Yuan, CHEN De-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (5): 1229-1238.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63243-9
摘要151)      PDF    收藏

在转Bt基因抗虫棉(Bt棉)所有器官中,棉铃中杀虫蛋白含量最低。这也影响了Bt棉高产的获得。本文主要探讨了喷施不同浓度氮素(尿素)对Bt棉棉子中杀虫蛋白含量和籽棉产量的影响及其相关的生理机制。2017-2018年以泗抗3号(杂交种)和泗抗1号(常规种)为材料,在棉铃形成期,喷施不同浓度尿素。2017年设置0%、2%、4%、6%、8%、10% 等6个浓度;2018年设置0%、1%、3%、5%、7%、9%等6个浓度。尿素浓度对Bt棉棉子中杀虫蛋白含量和最终籽棉产量均有明显影响,其中喷施5%-6%尿素处理可显著提高供试品种棉子中杀虫蛋白含量且籽棉产量最高。进一步分析表明,喷施5%-6%尿素处理下,泗抗3号和泗抗1号棉铃中游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白含量、谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶(GPT)和谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶(GOT)活性均较高,但肽酶和蛋白酶活性却显著降低。相关性分析表明,游离氨基酸含量、GPT活性与棉子中杀虫蛋白含量呈显著线性正相关关系。此外,喷施5%-6%尿素后,供试品种田间棉铃虫数量及蛀铃率均显著降低,这也为最终高产的获得奠定了基础。喷施外源氮素可显著影响Bt棉棉子中杀虫蛋白含量,进而提高其对棉铃虫的抗性。其中喷施5%-6%尿素效果最为明显。


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8. Larval diet affects development and reproduction of East Asian strain of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda
HE Li-mei, WANG Teng-li, CHEN Yu-chao, GE Shi-shuai, Kris A. G. WYCKHUYS, WU Kong-ming
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (3): 736-744.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62879-0
摘要184)      PDF    收藏

草地贪夜蛾于2018年12月入侵中国后,对玉米和高粱等农作物生产造成了影响。鉴于草地贪夜蛾的幼虫食性存在明显的品系分化,我们在室内评价了幼期食物(玉米、高粱、小麦、水稻和人工饲料)对入侵种群生长发育和成虫繁殖的影响。研究结果表明,幼虫期的食物对发育历期、化蛹率、蛹的存活率和羽化率以及成虫的繁殖均有显著的影响。取食高粱的幼虫发育期长达19.4天,而取食人工饲料的仅为14.1天。取食人工饲料的幼虫存活率高达99.6%,而取食水稻的仅有0.4%。取食人工饲料以及不同生育期作物叶片的化蛹率和蛹的存活率亦有很大的差异。取食人工饲料的蛹重0.26 g,而取食高粱的仅为0.14 g。取食2叶期玉米的成虫单雌产卵量最高,为699.7粒。取食4-5叶期玉米的卵孵化率为93.6%,显著高于取食人工饲料的36.6%。取食不同食物的草地贪夜蛾种群内禀增长率和周限增长率存在较大的差异,以幼嫩的玉米叶片最为适宜。研究结果对发展草地贪夜蛾入侵种群的室内饲养技术、田间预测预报模型和综合治理技术有重要价值。


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9. Adult nutrition affects reproduction and flight performance of the invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda in China
HE Li-mei, JIANG Shan, CHEN Yu-chao, Kris A. G. WYCKHUYS, GE Shi-shuai, HE Wei, GAO Xi-wu, WU Kong-ming
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (3): 715-726.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63198-7
摘要122)      PDF    收藏

鉴于植物花蜜或花粉等补充营养是影响鳞翅目昆虫成虫生殖系统发育和产卵量的重要因素,我们测定了取食不同补充营养(5%洋槐蜂蜜水、5‰玉米花粉水、5‰油菜花粉水、5‰向日葵花粉水、5‰松花粉水、5‰玫瑰花粉水、2.5%洋槐蜂蜜+2.5‰油菜花粉水、2.5%洋槐蜂蜜+2.5‰松花粉水和清水)草地贪夜蛾成虫的内生殖系统发育进度、繁殖和飞行能力。研究结果表明,补充蜂花粉和蜂蜜可显著促进草地贪夜蛾内生殖系统的发育进度,增加产卵量,延长成虫寿命和飞行时间。取食5%洋槐蜂蜜水草地贪夜蛾的产卵前期、产卵期和寿命最长,分别为10.8、6.8和19.2天;而补充2.5%洋槐蜂蜜+2.5‰松花粉草地贪夜蛾雌蛾的交配率最高,为79.7%,单雌产卵量达644.9粒,卵的孵化率为82.3%。取食蜂蜜可延缓草地贪夜蛾精巢的衰减,2.5%洋槐蜂蜜+2.5‰松花粉对草地贪夜蛾卵巢发育的促进作用最强。与取食花粉相比,蜂蜜可显著增强草地贪夜蛾的飞行能力,取食5%洋槐蜂蜜水草地贪夜蛾的飞行时间最长(9.5 h),飞行距离最远(29.9 km),飞行速度最大(3.1 km/h)。研究结果对解析环境植被分布对入侵草地贪夜蛾种群消长动态的调控机制,发展成虫取食诱捕和综合治理技术有重要价值。


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10. Distribution and accumulation of zinc and nitrogen in wheat grain pearling fractions in response to foliar zinc and soil nitrogen applications
ZHANG Pan-pan, CHEN Yu-lu, WANG Chen-yang, MA Geng, LÜ Jun-jie, LIU Jing-bao, GUO Tian-cai
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (12): 3277-3288.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63491-8
摘要165)      PDF    收藏

提高小麦籽粒锌含量对缓解人类膳食中锌缺乏有重要作用。本研究在华北平原连续两年小麦生长季,评价了叶面喷施锌肥和土壤施用氮肥对小麦籽粒粉样中氮、锌累积、分配、氮素转运及其相互关系。结果表明,小麦籽粒中氮、锌主要累积在籽粒胚乳中心层,其含量由外到内呈逐渐减小趋势。土壤施氮显著提高了籽粒各粉样中氮含量,而叶面喷锌显著增加了种皮中氮含量;两种措施均能显著增加胚乳中心层中锌含量。叶面喷锌对籽粒中氮、锌分配的影响不显著,而施氮则能促进氮素向糊粉层、锌素向胚乳中心层的转运,提高植株地上部氮素向籽粒转运的数量,但对贡献率无影响。相关分析表明,籽粒及其粉样中氮含量与开花期和成熟期营养器官中氮含量显著正相关,而种皮和胚乳过渡层中氮含量与胚乳中心层中锌含量亦呈显著的正相关。因此,叶面喷锌和土壤施氮可有效地提高小麦产量和籽粒氮、锌含量,尤其是提高胚乳中的氮、锌含量,可作为解决锌缺乏的有效途径。


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11. Reduced square Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein content of transgenic cotton under N deficit
CHEN Yuan, LIU Zhen-yu, Leila I. M. TAMBEL, ZHANG Xiang, CHEN Yuan, CHEN De-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (1): 100-108.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63190-2
摘要134)      PDF    收藏

为了阐明减氮施肥对抗虫棉棉蕾中Bt杀虫蛋白含量的影响,在2015-2016棉花生长季,以常规种泗抗1号(SK-1)和杂交种泗抗3号(SK-3)为试验材料,分别进行了0、75、150、225、300 kg/公顷的施氮量处理。在不同施氮量处理下,随着施氮量从常规施氮量(300kg/公顷)降低到0 kg/公顷,单株蕾数、棉蕾体积和棉蕾干重均呈下降趋势,同时棉蕾Bt杀虫蛋白含量也相应下降。氮代谢分析结果表明,减氮条件下可溶性蛋白含量、GPT和GOT活性降低,游离氨基酸含量、肽酶和蛋白酶活性升高。相关性分析结果表明,缺氮条件下Bt蛋白含量的降低与氮代谢生理变化相关。综上所述,减氮条件下,棉蕾生长和棉蕾中Bt杀虫蛋白含量均呈下降趋势,因此在蕾期适当的施氮量在促进棉蕾生长的同时也可提高棉花抗虫性。在人间游历 爱是最壮观的迁徙。


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12. The CRISPR/Cas9 induces large genomic fragment deletions of MSTN and phenotypic changes in sheep
DING Yi, ZHOU Shi-wei, DING Qiang, CAI Bei, ZHAO Xiao-e, ZHONG Shu, JIN Miao-han, WANG Xiao-long, MA Bao-hua, CHEN Yu-lin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (4): 1065-1073.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62853-4
摘要230)      PDF    收藏
The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been extensively used to engineer genetic loci for the generation of knockouts, insertions, and point mutations in animal models.  However, many mutations that have been reported in animals are small insertions or deletions.  This study used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to induce large DNA fragment deletions in MSTN via three guide RNAs in sheep.  This successfully achieved the precise gene editing of the ovine MSTN gene by injecting both Cas9 mRNA and sgRNAs into embryos at the one-cell stage.  Of 10 edited animals, 3 animals (30%) exhibited large genomic fragment deletions (~5 kb).  Furthermore, the body weights of these 3 animals were significantly different (P0<0.0001, P15=0.001, P30=0.005, P60=0.027) between lambs with large deletions and wildtype lambs.  In addition, the edited lambs were also significantly different (P0<0.0001, P15<0.0001, P30=0.002, P60=0.011) compared with wildtype.  These results suggest that the generated MSTN knockout sheep is a reliable and effective animal model for further study.  Furthermore, this method is time- and labor-saving, and efficient for the creation of animal models for agriculture, biology, and medicine.
 
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13. Effects of sodium benzoate on growth and physiological characteristics of wheat seedlings under compound heavy metal stress
LIANG Pan-pan, ZHAO Chen, LIN Yuan, GENG Ji-jia, CHEN Yuan, CHEN De-hua, ZHANG Xiang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (4): 1010-1018.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62723-1
摘要106)      PDF    收藏
In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous sodium benzoate on wheat seedlings (Yangmai 16) grown under heavy metal stress.  The results showed that 2.4 mmol kg–1 of heavy metals significantly inhibited growth and delayed emergence of wheat seedlings.  Under compound heavy metal stress, application of 2–4 g L–1 sodium benzoate significantly increased (P<0.01) chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo of wheat, compared to the control (water treatment).  Further analysis showed that application of 2–4 g L–1 sodium benzoate alleviated osmotic stress by promoting the accumulation of osmolytes such as soluble proteins and free proline, increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced malondialdehyde content (MDA).  In contrast, higher concentrations of sodium benzoate solution (>6 g L–1) inhibited the growth of wheat seedlings and even caused damage to seedlings.  Correlation analysis showed that when the sodium benzoate concentration was in the range of 1.97–3.12 g L–1 (2016) and 1.58–3.27 g L–1 (2017), values of chlorophyll and its components, root activity, SOD activity, soluble protein, and free proline content were the highest.  When the sodium benzoate concentration was raised to 2.59 g L–1 (2016) or 3.02 g L–1 (2017), MDA content was the lowest.  Ultimately, exogenous sodium benzoate (2–4 g L–1) facilitates root development and improves the root activity of wheat seedlings grown under compound heavy metals stress, thereby effectively alleviating the damage of compound heavy metal stress in wheat seedlings.
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14. Architecture of stem and branch affects yield formation in short season cotton
ZHANG Xiang, RUI Qiu-zhi, LI Yuan, CHEN Yuan, CHEN Yuan, ZHANG Xi-ling, CHEN De-hua, SONG Mei-zhen
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (3): 680-689.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62626-2
摘要101)      PDF    收藏
The cotton direct seeding after wheat (rape) harvested is under trial and would be the future direction at the Yangtze River Valley region of China.  The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of branch and stem architecture on cotton yield and identify the optimal cotton architecture to compensate the yield loss due to the reduction of individual production capacity under high planting density in the direst seeding after wheat harvested cropping system.  The characteristics of the stem and branch architecture and the relationships between architecture of the stem and branch with yield formation were studied on eight short season cotton cultivars during 2015 and 2016 cotton growth seasons.  Based on the two years results, three cultivars with different architectures of stem and branch were selected to investigate the effect of mepiquat chloride (MC) application on the architecture of the stem and branch, boll retention, and the yield in 2017.  Significant differences were observed on plant height, all fruiting nodes to branches ratio (NBR) in the cotton plant, and the curvature of the fruiting branch (CFB) among the studied cultivars.  There were three types of stem and fruiting branch structures: Zhong425 with stable and suitable plant height and NBR (about 90 cm and 2.5, respectively), high CFB (more than 10.0), and high boll retention speed and seed cotton yield; Siyang 822 with excessive plant height and NBR, low CFB, and low boll retention speed and seed cotton yield; and other studied cultivars with unstable structure of stem and branch, boll retention speed, and seed cotton yield across years.  And MC application could promote the appropriate plant height and NBR and high CFB and thus resulted in high boll retention speed and the yield.  The results suggested that the suitable plant height and NBR (about 90 cm and 2.5 respectively), and high CFB (more than 10.0), which was related to both genotype and cultural practice, could promote the higher boll retention speed and seed cotton yield.
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15.
Mapping and genetic validation of a grain size QTL qGS7.1 in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
XUE Pao1, ZHANG Ying-xin1, LOU Xiang-yang1, ZHU Ai-ke, CHEN Yu-yu, SUN Bin, YU Ping, CHENG Shi-hua, CAO Li-yong, ZHAN Xiao-deng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (8): 1838-1850.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62113-6
摘要202)      PDF    收藏
Grain size is a major determinant of grain weight, which is one of the components of rice yield.  The objective o this study was to identify novel, and important quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for grain size and weight in rice.  QTLs were mapped using a BC4F4 population including 192 backcross inbred lines (BILs) derived from a backcross between Xiaolijing (XLJ) and recombinant inbred lines (RILs).  The mapping population was planted in both Lingshui (Hainan, 2015) and Fuyang (Zhejiang, 2016), with the short- and long-day conditions, respectively.  A total of 10 QTLs for grain length, four for grain width, four for the ratio of grain length to width, and 11 for grain weight were detected in at least one environment and were distributed across 11 chromosomes.  The phenotypic variance explained ranged from 6.76–25.68%, 14.30–34.03%, 5.28–26.50%, and 3.01–22.87% for grain length, grain width, the ratio of grain length to width, and thousand grain weight, respectively.  Using the sequential residual heterozygotes (SeqRHs) method, qGS7.1, a QTL for grain size and weight, was mapped in a 3.2-Mb interval on chromosome 7.  No QTLs about grain size and weight were reported in previous studies in this region, providing a good candidate for functional analysis and breeding utilization.
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16. Effects of lead stress on Vg expression in the beet armyworm over five successive generations
SU Hong-hua, YANG Yong, QIAN Yuan-yuan, YE Zi-bo, CHEN Yu-qing, YANG Yi-zhong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (1): 134-142.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61931-8
摘要278)      PDF    收藏
Heavy metals have been found to be endocrine disruptors in invertebrates.  Lead is one of the most widespread elements of contamination, but there has been no research about the effects of lead stress on vitellogenin (Vg) gene expression in insects exposed to lead over multiple generations.  In this paper, the effects of different concentrations of lead (0, 0.3, 4.8 and 76.8 mg kg–1) on the expression of Vg in the beet armyworm over five successive generations were studied.  The results showed that lead stress had significant effects on Vg expression in a dose-dependent manner.  For females at the larval and adult stages, as lead concentration increased, Vg expression was significantly inhibited; for males at these two developmental stages, Vg expression was induced and increased as lead concentration increased.  In addition, with the increase over stressed generations, inhibited effects for females and induced effects for males at the larval and adult stages became increasingly more obvious.  However, at the pupal stage, Vg expression in the two genders was different from that at the larval and adult stages.  The results indicate that lead stress can upregulate Vg expression in males which should be a useful indicator for environmental risk assessment.
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17. Dynamics of Bt cotton Cry1Ac protein content under an alternating high temperature regime and effects on nitrogen metabolism
ZHANG Xiang, RUI Qiu-zhi, LIANG Pan-pan, WEI Chen-hua, DENG Guo-qiang, CHEN Yuan, CHEN Yuan, DONG Zhao-di, CHEN De-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (09): 1991-1998.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61878-1
摘要387)      PDF    收藏
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of alternating high temperature on Cry1Ac protein content on Bt cotton cultivars Sikang 1 (SK-1, a conventional cultivar) and Sikang 3 (SK-3, a hybrid cultivar). In 2011 and 2012, cotton plants were subjected to high temperature treatments ranging from 32 to 40°C in climate chambers to investigate the effects of high temperature on boll shell insecticidal protein expression. The experiments showed that significant decline of the boll shell insecticidal protein was detected at temperatures higher than 38°C after 24 h. Based on the results, the cotton plants were treated with the threshold temperature of 38°C from 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. followed by a normal temperature of 27°C during the remaining night hours (DH/NN) in 2012 and 2013. These treatments were conducted at peak boll growth stage for both cultivars in study periods of 0, 4, 7, and 10 d. Temperature treatment of 32°C from 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. and 27°C in the remaining hours was set as control. The results showed that, compared with the control, after the DH/NN stress treatment applied for 7 d, the boll shell Cry1Ac protein content level was significantly decreased by 19.1 and 17.5% for SK-1 and by 15.3 and 13.7% for SK-3 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Further analysis of nitrogen metabolic physiology under DH/NN showed that the soluble protein content and the glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activities decreased slightly after 4 d, and then decreased sharply after 7 d. The free amino acid content and the protease content increased sharply after 7 d. The changes in SK-1 were greater than those in SK-3. These results suggest that under DH/NN stress, boll shell Cry1Ac protein content decline was delayed. Reduced protein synthesis and increased protein degradation in the boll shell decreased protein content, including Bt protein, which may reduce resistance to the cotton bollworm.
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18. Developmental and hormonal regulation of fiber quality in two natural-colored cotton cultivars
ZHANG Xiang, HU Da-peng, LI Yuan, CHEN Yuan, Eltayib H. M. A. Abidallha, DONG Zhao-di, CHEN De-hua, ZHANG Lei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (08): 1720-1729.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61504-6
摘要826)      PDF    收藏
Cotton cultivars with brown (Xiangcaimian 2), green (Wanmian 39) and white (Sumian 9) fiber were investigated to study fiber developmental characteristics of natural-colored cotton and the effect of hormones on fiber quality at different stages after anthesis. Fiber lengths of both natural-colored cottons were lower than the white-fibered control, with brown-fibered cotton longer than green. Fiber strength, micronaire and maturation of natural-colored cotton were also lower than the control. The shorter fiber of the green cultivar was due to slower growth during 10 to 30 days post-anthesis (DPA). Likewise, the lower fiber strength, micronaire and maturation of natured-colored cotton were also due to slower growth during this pivotal stage. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content at 10 DPA, and abscisic acid (ABA) content at 30 to 40 DPA were lower in the fibers of the natural-colored than that of the white-fibered cotton. After applying 20 mg L–1 gibberellic acid (GA3), the IAA content at 20 DPA in the brown and green-fibered cottons increased by 51.07 and 64.33%, fiber ABA content increased by 38.96 and 24.40%, and fiber length increased by 8.13 and 13.96%, respectively. Fiber strength, micronaire and maturation were also enhanced at boll opening stage. Those results suggest that the level of endogenous hormones affect fiber quality. Application of external hormones can increase hormone content in natural-colored cotton fiber, improving its quality.
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19. Effects of antibacterial compounds produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Koumiss on pathogenic Escherichia coli O8 and its cell surface characteristics
CHEN Yu-jie, WANG Chun-jie, HOU Wen-qian, WANG Xiao-shuo, GALI Bing-ga, HUASAI Si-mu-ji-de, YANG Si-qin, WU A-qi-ma, ZHAO Yu-fei, WU Ying-ga, CHEN Ao-ri-ge-le
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (03): 742-748.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61516-2
摘要968)      PDF    收藏
The effects of antibacterial compounds produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Koumiss on pathogenic Escherichia coli O8 and its cell surface characteristics were investigated.  S. cerevisiae isolated from Koumiss produced antibacterial compounds which were active against pathogenic E. coli O8 as determined by the Oxford cup method.  The aqueous phases from S. cerevisiae at pH=2.0 (S2) and pH=8.0 (S8) were extracted and tested, respectively.  The organic acids of S2 and S8 were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the concentrations of killer toxins were determined by enhanced bicinchoninic acid (BCA) Protein Assay Kit.  The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of S2 and S8 on E. coli O8 were determined by the broth microdilution method.  The effects of S2 and S8 on the growth curve of E. coli O8 were determined by turbidimetry, and the hydrophobicities of E. coli O8 cell surface were determined using the microbial adhesion to solvents method, the permeation of E. coli O8 cell membrane were determined by the o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactoside (ONPG) method.  Aqueous phases at pH 2.0 and 8.0 had larger inhibition zones and then S2 and S8 were obtained by freeze-drying.  The main component in S2 was citric acid and it was propanoic acid in S8.  Other organic acids and killer toxins were also present.  Both the MICs of S2 and S8 on E. coli O8 were 0.025 g mL–1, the MBCs were 0.100 and 0.200 g mL–1, respectively.  The normal growth curve of E. coli O8 was S-shaped, however, it changed after addition of S2 and S8.  E. coli O8 was the basic character, and had a relatively hydrophilic surface.  The hydrophobicity of E. coli O8 cell surface and the permeation of E. coli O8 cell membrane were increased after adding S2 and S8.  The present study showed that S2 and S8 inhibit the growth of pathogenic E. coli O8 and influence its cell surface characteristics.
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20. Screening and characterization of a novel ruminal cellulase gene (Umcel-1) from a metagenomic library of gayal (Bos frontalis)
LI Bi-feng, ZHU Ya-xin, GU Zhao-bing, CHEN Yuan, LENG Jing, GOU Xiao, FENG Li, LI Qing, XI Dong-mei, MAO Hua-ming, YANG Shu-Li
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2016, 15 (4): 855-861.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61144-3
摘要1749)      PDF    收藏
Gayal is a rare semi-wild bovine species found in the Indo-China. They can graze grasses, including bamboo leaves, as well as reeds and other plant species, and grow to higher mature live weights than Yunnan Yellow cattle maintained in similar harsh environments. The aim of this study was to identify specific cellulase in the gayal rumen. A metagenomic fosmid library was constructed using genomic DNA isolated from the ruminal contents of four adult gayals. This library contained 38 400 clones with an average insert size of 35.5 kb. The Umcel-1 gene was isolated from this library. Investigation of the cellulase activity of 24 random clones led to the identification of the Umcel-1 gene, which exhibited the most potent cellulase activity. Sequencing the Umcel-1 gene revealed that it contained an open reading frame of 942 base pairs that encoded a product of 313 amino acids. The putative gene Umcel-1 product belonged to the glycosyl hydrolase family 5 and showed the highest homology to the cellulase (GenBank accession no. YP_004310852.1) from Clostridium lentocellum DSM 5427, with 44% identity and 62% similarity. The Umcel-1 gene was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21, and recombinant Umcel-1 was purified. The activity of purified recombinant Umcel-1 was assessed, and the results revealed that it hydrolyzed carboxymethyl cellulose with optimal activity at pH 5.5 and 45°C. To our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence for a cellulase produced by bacteria in gayal rumen.
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21. DNA methylation patterns of banana leaves in response to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4
LUO Jing-yao, PAN Xiao-lei, PENG Tie-cheng, CHEN Yun-yun, ZHAO Hui, MU Lei, PENG Yun, HE Rui, TANG Hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2016, 15 (12): 2736-2744.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61495-8
摘要1275)      PDF    收藏
    Fusarium wilt of banana, which is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4), is a serious soil-borne fungal disease. Now, the epigenetic molecular pathogenic basis is elusive. In this study, with methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) technique, DNA methylation was compared between the leaves inoculated with Foc TR4 and the mock-inoculated leaves at different pathogenic stages. With 25 pairs of primers, 1 144 and 1 255 fragments were amplified from the infected and mock-inoculated leaves, respectively. DNA methylation was both changed and the average methylated CCGG sequences were 34.81 and 29.26% for the infected and the mock-inoculated leaves. And DNA hypermethylation and hypomethylation were induced by pathogen infection during all pathogenic stages. Further, 69 polymorphic fragments were sequenced and 29 of them showed sequence similarity to genes with known functions. And RT-PCR results of four genes indicated that their expression patterns were consistent with their methylation patterns. Our results suggest that DNA methylation plays important roles in pathogenic response to Foc TR4 for banana.
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22. The causes and impacts for heat stress in spring maize during grain filling in the North China Plain - A review
TAO Zhi-qiang, CHEN Yuan-quan, LI Chao, ZOU Juan-xiu, YAN Peng, YUAN Shu-fen, WU Xia, SUI Peng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2016, 15 (12): 2677-2687.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61409-0
摘要1065)      PDF    收藏
High-temperature stress (HTS) at the grain-filling stage in spring maize (Zea mays L.) is the main obstacle to increasing productivity in the North China Plain (NCP). To solve this problem, the physiological mechanisms of HTS, and its causes and impacts, must be understood. The HTS threshold of the duration and rate in grain filling, photosynthetic characteristics (e.g., the thermal stability of thylakoid membrane, chlorophyll and electron transfer, photosynthetic carbon assimilation), water status (e.g., leaf water potential, turgor and leaf relative water content) and signal transduction in maize are reviewed. The HTS threshold for spring maize is highly desirable to be appraised to prevent damages by unfavorable temperatures during grain filling in this region. HTS has negative impacts on maize photosynthesis by damaging the stability of the thylakoid membrane structure and degrading chlorophyll, which reduces light energy absorption, transfer and photosynthetic carbon assimilation. In addition, photosynthesis can be deleteriously affected due to inhibited root growth under HTS in which plants decrease their water-absorbing capacity, leaf water potential, turgor, leaf relative water content, and stomatal conductance. Inhibited photosynthesis decrease the supply of photosynthates to the grain, leading to falling of kernel weight and even grain yield. However, maize does not respond passively to HTS. The plant transduces the abscisic acid (ABA) signal to express heat shock proteins (HSPs), which are molecular chaperones that participate in protein refolding and degradation caused by HTS. HSPs stabilize target protein configurations and indirectly improve thylakoid membrane structure stability, light energy absorption and passing, electron transport, and fixed carbon assimilation, leading to improved photosynthesis. ABA also induces stomatal closure to maintain a good water status for photosynthesis. Based on understanding of such mechanisms, strategies for alleviating HTS at the grain-filling stage in spring maize are summarized. Eight strategies have the potential to improve the ability of spring maize to avoid or tolerate HTS in this study, e.g., adjusting sowing date to avoid HTS, breeding heat-tolerance varieties, and tillage methods, optimizing irrigation, heat acclimation, regulating chemicals, nutritional management, and planting geometric design to tolerate HTS. Based on the single technology breakthrough, a comprehensive integrated technical system is needed to improve heat tolerance and increase the spring maize yield in the NCP.  
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23. Ethylene-inhibiting compound 1-MCP delays leaf senescence in cotton plants under abiotic stress conditions
CHEN Yuan, J T Cothren, CHEN De-hua, Amir M H Ibrahim, Leonardo Lombardini
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2015, 14 (7): 1321-1331.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60999-0
摘要2168)      PDF    收藏
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants produce more ethylene when subjected to abiotic stresses, such as high temperatures and drought, which result in premature leaf senescence, reduced photosynthetic efficiency, and thus decreased yield. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that the ethylene-inhibiting compound 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment of cotton plants can delay leaf senescence under high temperature, drought, and the aging process in controlled environmental conditions. Potted cotton plants were exposed to 1-MCP treatment at the early square stage of development. The protective effect of 1-MCP against membrane damage was found on older compared to younger leaves, indicating 1-MCP could lower the stress level caused by aging. Application of 1-MCP resulted in reduction of lipid peroxidation, membrane leakage, soluble sugar content, and increased chlorophyll content, in contrast to the untreated plants under heat stress, suggesting that 1-MCP treatment of cotton plants may also have the potential to reduce the effect of heat stress in terms of delayed senescence. Application of 1-MCP caused reductions of lipid peroxidation, membrane leakage, and soluble sugar content, together with increases in water use efficiency (WUE), water potential, chlorophyll content, and fluorescence quantum efficiency, compared to the untreated plants under drought, suggesting that 1-MCP treatment of cotton plants may also have the ability to reduce the level of stress under drought conditions. In conclusion, 1-MCP treatment of cotton should have the potential to delay senescence under heat and drought stress, and the aging process. Additionally, 1-MCP is more effective under stress than under non-stress conditions.
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24. Aggregate stability and associated C and N in a silty loam soil as affected by organic material inputs
LONG Pan, SUI Peng, GAO Wang-sheng, WANG Bin-bin, HUANG Jian-xiong, YAN Peng, ZOU Juan-xiu, YAN Ling-ling, CHEN Yuan-quan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2015, 14 (4): 774-787.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60796-6
摘要2039)      PDF    收藏
To make recycling utilization of organic materials produced in various agricultural systems, five kinds of organic materials were applied in a field test, including crop straw (CS), biogas residue (BR), mushroom residue (MR), wine residue (WR), pig manure (PM), with a mineral fertilizer (CF) and a no-fertilizer (CK) treatment as a control. Our objectives were: i) to quantify the effects of organic materials on soil C and N accumulation; ii) to evaluate the effects of organic materials on soil aggregate stability, along with the total organic carbon (TOC), and N in different aggregate fractions; and iii) to assess the relationships among the organic material components, soil C and N, and C, N in aggregate fractions. The trial was conducted in Wuqiao County, Hebei Province, China. The organic materials were incorporated at an equal rate of C, and combined with a mineral fertilizer in amounts of 150 kg N ha-1, 26 kg P ha-1 and 124 kg K ha-1 respectively during each crop season of a wheat-maize rotation system. The inputted C quantity of each organic material treatment was equivalent to the total amount of C contained in the crop straw harvested in CS treatement in the previous season. TOC, N, water-stable aggregates, and aggregate-associated TOC and N were investigated. The results showed that organic material incorporation increased soil aggregation and stabilization. On average, the soil macroaggregate proportion increased by 14%, the microaggregate proportion increased by 3%, and mean-weight diameter (MWD) increased by 20%. TOC content followed the order of PM>WR>MR>BR>CS>CK>CF; N content followed the order WR>PM>MR>BR>CS>CF>CK. No significant correlation was found between TOC, N, and the quality of organic material. Soil silt and clay particles contained the largest part of TOC, whereas the small macroaggregate fraction was the most sensitive to organic materials. Our results indicate that PM and WR exerted better effects on soil C and N accumulation, followed by MR and BR, suggesting that organic materials from ex situ farmland could promote soil quality more as compared to straw returned in situ.
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25. Analysis of the function of D279N mutation of VP2 of infectious bursal disease virus
QI Xiao-le, LU Zhen, WANG Nian, CHEN Yu-ming, ZHANG Li-zhou, GAO Li, LI Kai, REN Xian-gang, WANG Yong-qiang, GAO Hong-lei, GAO Yu-long, Nicolas Eterradossi, WANG Xiao-mei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2015, 14 (12): 2618-2625.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60933-3
摘要1405)      PDF    收藏
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is responsible for the highly contagious infectious bursal disease of chickens. Further understanding the gene-function is necessary to design the tailored vaccine. The amino acid residue 279, located on strand PF of VP2, is one of the three residues that have been reported to be involved in cell-tropism but with some inconsistency. In this study, to further clarify the amino acids involved in the cell tropism of IBDV, a series of mutations about residue 279 were introduced into the VP2 of vvIBDV Gx strain. With the reverse genetic system, we found single mutation of D279N, double mutations of D279N/A284T or Q253H/D279N were not enough to adapt IBDV to chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cell. To evaluate whether residue 279 could influence the replication and virulence of IBDV, the virus rGxHT-279 with three mutations (Q253H/D279N/A284T) was rescued and evaluated. Results showed that the mutation of residue 279 in VP2 had no efficient effects on both the replication efficiency in vitro and the virulence to SPF chickens of IBDV. In summary, the results demonstrated that residue 279 of VP2 did not contribute efficiently to cell tropism, replication efficiency, and virulence of IBDV at least in some strains. These findings provided further information for understanding the gene function of IBDV.
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26. Functional and numerical responses of Cyrtorhinus lividipennis to eggs of Nilaparvata lugens are not affected by genetically modified herbicide-tolerant rice
JIANG Xian-bin, HUANG Qian, LING Yan, CHEN Yu-chong, XIAO Guo-ying, HUANG Suo-sheng, WU Bi-qiu, HUANG Feng-kuan, CAI Jian-he, LONG Li-ping
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2015, 14 (10): 2019-2026.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60953-9
摘要1254)      PDF    收藏
To safely and sustainably utilize genetic breeding techniques for crop production, greater understanding of the potential effects of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) crops on the ecological functions of predators is required. In the laboratory, we examined the functional and numerical responses of Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter to eggs of brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), which were reared on GMHT rice Bar68-1; the untransformed parental cultivar, D68; or a BPH-susceptive rice variety, Taichung Native 1. All stages of nymphs and female adult of C. lividipennis, either on GMHT rice or control plants, exhibited typical type II functional responses when fed on BPH eggs; the attacking rate and handling time of C. lividipennis on GMHT rice Bar68-1 was not significantly different from that on D68. The numerical responses of C. lividipennis on GMHT rice or controls fit Beddington’s model; there were no significant differences in the parameters of numerical responses between GMHT rice Bar68-1 and D68. The results indicated that the functional and numerical responses of C. lividipennis to BPH eggs are not affected by GMHT rice Bar68-1.
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27. The effects of high temperature level on square Bt protein concentration of Bt cotton
WANG Jun, CHEN Yuan, YAO Meng-hao, LI Yuan, WEN Yu-jin, CHEN Yuan, ZHANG Xiang, CHEN De-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2015, 14 (10): 1971-1979.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61049-8
摘要1391)      PDF    收藏
Higher boll worm survival rates were detected after high temperature presented during square period in Bt cotton. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of high temperature level on the Bt efficacy of two different types of Bt cotton cultivars at squaring stage. During the 2011 to 2013 cotton growth seasons, high temperature treatments ranged from 34 to 44°C in climate chambers, and field experiments under high temperature weather with various temperature levels were conducted to investigate the effects of the high temperature level on square Bt protein concentration and nitrogen metabolism. The climate chamber experiments showed that the square insecticidal protein contents reduced after 24 h elevated temperature treatments for both cultivars, whereas significant declines of the square insecticidal protein contents were detected at temperature >38°C, and only slightly numerical reductions were observed when temperature below 38°C. Similar high temperature responses were also observed at the two field experimental sites in 2013. Correspondingly, high temperature below 38°C seems have little effect on the square amino acid concentrations, soluble protein contents, glutamic- pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) activities as well as protease and peptidase activities; however, when the temperature was above 38°C, reduced soluble protein contents, enhanced amino acid concentrations, decreased GPT and GOT activities, bolstered protease and peptidase activities in square were detected. In general, the higher the temperature is (>38°C), the larger the changes for the above compound contents and key enzymes activities of the square protein cycle. The findings indicated that the unstable insect resistance of the square was related to high temperature level during square stage.
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28. Soil Nitrous Oxide Emissions Under Maize-Legume Intercropping System in the North China Plain
HUANG Jian-xiong, CHEN Yuan-quan, SUI Peng, NIE Sheng-wei, GAO Wang-sheng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2014, 13 (6): 1363-1372.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60509-2
摘要1531)      PDF    收藏
Many studies have focused on various agricultural management measures to reduce agricultural nitrous oxide (N2O) emission. However, few studies have investigated soil N2O emissions in intercropping systems in the North China Plain. Thus, we conducted a field experiment to compare N2O emissions under monoculture and maize-legume intercropping systems. In 2010, five treatments, including monocultured maize (M), maize-peanut (MP), maize-alfalfa (MA), maize-soybean (MS), and maize-sweet clover (MSC) intercropping were designed to investigate this issue using the static chamber technique. In 2011, M, MP, and MS remained, and monocultured peanuts (P) and soybean (S) were added to the trial. The results showed that total production of N2O from different treatments ranged from (0.87±0.12) to (1.17±0.11) kg ha-1 in 2010, while those ranged from (3.35±0.30) to (9.10±2.09) kg ha-1 in 2011. MA and MSC had no significant effect on soil N2O production compared to that of M (P<0.05). Cumulative N2O emissions from MP in 2010 were significantly lower than those from M, but the result was the opposite in 2011 (P<0.05). MS significantly reduced soil N2O emissions by 25.55 and 48.84% in 2010 and 2011, respectively (P<0.05). Soil N2O emissions were significantly correlated with soil water content, soil temperature, nitrification potential, soil NH4 +, and soil NO3 - content (R2=0.160-0.764, P<0.01). A stepwise linear regression analysis indicated that soil N2O release was mainly controlled by the interaction between soil moisture and soil NO3 - content (R2=0.828, P<0.001). These results indicate that MS had a coincident effect on soil N2O flux and significantly reduced soil N2O production compared to that of M over two growing seasons.
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29. Identification of the Regulator of G-Protein Signaling Protein Responsive to Plant Hormones and Abiotic Stresses in Brassica napus
CHEN Yun, ZHU Xia, ZHU Xiao-bin, YU Yi-fan, GE Hui-min, GAO Yong , LIANG Jian-sheng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2014, 13 (12): 2634-2644.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60797-8
摘要1058)      PDF    收藏
Regulator of G protein signaling proteins (RGS) accelerate the rate of GTP hydrolysis by Gα proteins, thus acting as negative regulators of G-protein signaling. Studies on Arabidopsis and soybean have proven that RGS proteins are physiologically important in plants and contribute to the signaling pathways regulated by different stimuli. Brassica napus is an important agriculturally relevant plant, the wildly planted oilseed rape in the world, which possesses an identified Gα, Gβ and Gγ subunits. In the present study, we identified and characterized a Brassica napus RGS gene, BnRGS1, which contained an open reading frame of 1 380 bp encoding a putative 52.6 kDa polypeptide of 459 amino acids, within seven putative transmembrane domains in the N-terminal and RGS box in the C-terminal. BnRGS1 is located on the membrane in onion epidermal cells and tobacco leaves, and interacts with BnGA1 in the mating-based split-ubiquitin system. The expression levels of BnRGS1 were quite different in different tissues and developmental stages, and induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The effects of gibberellin (GA3) and brassinolide (BR) on the expression of BnRGS1 were irregular under the concentrations tested. Moreover, the transcript level of BnRGS1 was also induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG), whereas remained little changed by 200 mmol L-1 NaCl. These results suggested that the BnRGS1 may be involved in B. napus response to plant hormone signaling and abiotic stresses.
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30. Relationship Between Leaf C/N Ratio and Insecticidal Protein Expression in Bt Cotton as Affected by High Temperature and N Rate
ZHANG Xiang, Lü Chun-hua, CHEN Yuan, WANG Gui-xia, CHEN Yuan , CHEN De-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2014, 13 (1): 82-88.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60348-2
摘要1691)      PDF    收藏
Expression of insecticidal protein for transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton is unstable and related to nitrogen metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between leaf carbon nitrogen ratio (C/N) and insecticidal efficacy of two Bt cotton cultivars. C/N ratio and Bt protein content were both measured at peak square period and peak boll period respectively under 5-7 d high temperature and different nitrogen fertilizer rates on the Yangzhou University Farm and the Ludong Cotton Farm, China. All plants were grown in field. The results showed that the C/N ratio enhanced slightly and the Bt protein content remained stable at peak square period, but significant increases for the C/N ratio and decreases markedly for the leaf Bt protein concentration were detected at the peak boll period. The similar patterns at the two growth periods were found for the leaf C/N ratio and Bt protein content by different N fertilizer treatments. When nitrogen rate was from 0 to 600 kg ha-1, the C/N ratio was reduced by 0.017 and 0.006 for Sikang 1 and Sikang 3 at peak square period, compared to the 1.350 to 1.143 reduction for Sikang 1 and Sikang 3 at peak boll period, respectively. Correspondingly, the leaf Bt protein contents were bolstered by 2.6-11.8 and 26.9-36.9% at the two different growth periods, respectively. The results suggested that enhanced C/N ratio by high temperature and nitrogen application may result in the reduction of insectiocidal efficacy in Bt cotton, especially in peak boll period.
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