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1. Cd穿过美国白蛾蛹降低了周氏啮小蜂的寄生适合度:一个影响生物防治效率的潜在风险
YAN Shan-chun, WU Hong-fei, ZHENG Lin, TAN Ming-tao, JIANG Dun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (10): 3103-3114.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.04.032
摘要160)      PDF    收藏

重金属污染已经被认定为一种影响害虫生物防治效率的环境变量,但当前对重金属胁迫下寄生蜂的寄生适应度了解较少。在本研究中,Cd暴露穿过美国白蛾蛹周氏啮小蜂的寄生适合度被调查,以及围绕寄主昆虫的先天免疫和子代蜂的氧化状态调查了Cd暴露影响美国白蛾-周氏啮小蜂互作的作用机制。结果发现,Cd可从美国白蛾蛹转移到周氏啮小蜂子代且二者的转移系数反映了一种生物放大效应。未处理组和Cd处理组之间的寄生成功率和出蜂率无显著差异。然而,寄生Cd的蛹后,子代的寄生适应度(例数量、个体大小和寿命显著降低。Cd胁迫下,美国白蛾蛹的细胞免疫和体液免疫水平显著下降。与未处理组相比,Cd处理组子代蜂的H2O2含量显著增加。Cd胁迫显著抑制了子代蜂超氧化物歧化酶的活性,但显著提高了抗坏血酸和谷胱甘肽的含量。这些结果表明。Cd暴露降低了周氏啮小蜂美国白蛾蛹的循环防控效率。Cd暴露引起的子代蜂氧化状态紊乱可能是导致周氏啮小蜂对Cd聚美国白蛾寄生适合度降低的主要原因之一

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2. Characteristics of lodging resistance of high-yield winter wheat as affected by nitrogen rate and irrigation managements
LI Wen-qian, HAN Ming-ming, PANG Dang-wei, CHEN Jin, WANG Yuan-yuan, DONG He-he, CHANG Yong-lan, JIN Min, LUO Yong-li, LI Yong, WANG Zhen-lin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (5): 1290-1309.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63566-3
摘要279)      PDF    收藏

小麦的高产主要通过增施氮肥和增加灌水实现,但过量的氮肥和灌水投入增加了倒伏的风险。本研究的主要目的是明确高产小麦抗倒伏能力对氮肥和灌水的响应以及探索提高小麦抗倒伏性的有效途径。试验于2015-2016和2016-2017生长季在山东农业大学农学实验站进行,供试品种为济麦22,设置3个施氮量和4个灌水处理,主要研究结果如下:随施氮量增加,倒伏指数和倒伏率增加,倒伏风险上升。增加氮肥用量,与倒伏指数呈正相关的株高、基部节间长度和重心高度显著增加,与倒伏指数呈负相关的基部第二节间(茎秆和叶鞘)充实度及其细胞壁组分含量显著降低。适度增加灌水可增加基部第二节间壁厚、茎秆抗折力和叶鞘的充实度,增加了茎秆强度。在本实验条件下,施氮量240 kg hm-2 并配合在拔节期和开花期各灌水600 m3 hm-2在获得最高产量的同时茎秆强度最大。结果表明,适宜的株高保证高产所需的足够的生物量,较厚的壁厚、较高的茎秆和叶鞘充实度以及细胞壁组分含量保证了较大的茎秆强度,以上特征可作为创建小麦高产抗倒群体的参考指标


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3.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in Brassica juncea
ZHANG Da-wei, LIU Li-li, ZHOU Ding-gang, LIU Xian-jun, LIU Zhong-song, YAN Ming-li
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (5): 1250-1260.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63172-0
摘要132)      PDF    收藏
Anthocyanins confer the wide range of colors for plants and also play beneficial health roles as potentially protective factors against heart disease and cancer.  Brassica juncea is cultivated as an edible oil resource and vegetable crop worldwide, thus elucidating the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway would be helpful to improve the nutritional quality of Brassica juncea through the breeding and cultivating of high anthocyanin content varieties.  Herein, 129 genes in B. juncea were identified as orthologs of 41 anthocyanin biosynthetic genes (ABGs) in Arabidopsis thaliana by comparative genomic analyses.  The B. juncea ABGs have expanded by whole genome triplication and subsequent allopolyploidizatoin, but lost mainly during the whole genome triplication between B. rapa/B. nigra and A. thaliana, rather than the allopolyploidization process between B. juncea and B. rapa/B. nigra, leading to different copy numbers retention of A. thaliana homologous genes.  Although the overall expansion levels ABGs were similar to the whole genome, more negative regulatory genes were retained in the anthocyanin biosynthesis regulatory system.  Transcriptional analysis of B. juncea with different anthocyanin accumulation showed that BjDFR, BjTT19, BjTT8 are significantly up-regulated in plants with purple leaves as compared with green leaves.  The overexpression of BjTT8 and these target genes which were involved in late anthocyanin biosynthesis and transport might account for increasing levels of anthocyanin accumulation in purple leaves.  Our results could promote the understanding of the genetic mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in B. juncea.
 
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4. Innovation of the double-maize cropping system based on cultivar growing degree days for adapting to changing weather conditions in the North China Plain
WANG Dan, LI Guo-rui, ZHOU Bao-yuan, ZHAN Ming, CAO Cou-gui, MENG Qing-feng, XIA Fei, MA Wei, ZHAO Ming
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (12): 2997-3012.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63213-0
摘要112)      PDF    收藏
Double-maize cropping system is an effective option for coping with climate change in the North China Plain.  However, the effects of changes in climate on the growth and yield of maize in the two seasons are poorly understood.  Forty-six cultivars of maize with different requirements for growing degree days (GDD), categorized as high (H), medium (M) or low (L), and three cultivar combinations for two seasons as LH (using JD27 and DMY1 from category L in the first season; and YD629 and XD22 from category H in the second season), MM (using JX1 and LC3 from category M in the first season; and ZD958 and JX1 from category M in the second season) and HL (using CD30 and QY9 from category H in the first season; and XK10 and DMY3 from category L in the second season) were tested to examine the eco-physiological determinants of maize yield from 2015 to 2017.  The correlations between the combinations of cultivars and grain yield were examined.  The combination LH produced the highest annual grain yield and total biomass, regardless of the year.  It was followed, in decreasing order, by MM and HL.  Higher grain yield and biomass in LH were mainly due to the greater grain yield and biomass in the second season, which were influenced mainly by the lengths of the pre- and post-silking periods and the rate of plant growth (PGR).  Temperature was the primary factor that influenced dry matter accumulation.  In the first season, low temperatures during pre-silking decreased both the duration and PGR in LH, whereas high temperatures during post-silking decreased the PGR in MM and HL, resulting in no significant differences in biomass being observed among the three combinations.  In the second season, high temperatures decreased both the PGR and pre- and post-silking duration in MM and HL, and consequently, the biomass of those two combinations were lower than that in LH.  Moreover, because of lower GDD and radiation in the first season and higher grain yield in the second season, production efficiency of temperature and radiation (Ra) was the highest in LH.  More importantly, differences in temperature and radiation in the two seasons significantly affected the rate and duration of growth in maize, and thereby affecting both dry matter and grain yield.  Our study indicated that the combination of LH is the best for optimizing the double-maize system under changing climatic conditions in the North China Plain.
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5. Physiological and transcriptomic analyses of roots from Malus sieversii under drought stress
GENG Da-li, LU Li-yuan, YAN Ming-jia, SHEN Xiao-xia, JIANG Li-juan, LI Hai-yan, WANG Li-ping, YAN Yan, XU Ji-di, LI Cui-ying, YU Jian-tao, MA Feng-wang, GUAN Qing-mei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (6): 1280-1294.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62571-2
摘要361)      PDF    收藏
Water deficit is one of the main limiting factors for apple growth and production.  Root architecture plays an important role in drought tolerance of plants.  However, little is known about the molecular basis of root system in apple trees under drought.  In this study, we compared root morphology of two widely used rootstocks of apple (R3 and Malus sieversii) under drought.  Our results suggested that M. sieversii is more tolerant to drought than R3, since M. sieversii had a higher ratio of root to shoot as well as root hydraulic conductivity under long-term drought conditions.  We then performed whole-genome transcriptomic analysis to figure out the molecular basis of root responses in M. sieversii under drought.  It was found that genes involved in transcription regulation, signaling or biosynthesis of hormones, and oxidative stress were differentially expressed under drought.  Consistent with the gene expression profile, roots of M. sieversii had higher activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) under drought, as well as higher content of abscisic acid (ABA) and lower content of auxin.  Taken together, our results revealed the physiological and transcriptomic analyses of M. sieversii roots in response to drought. 
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6. Potato yield gaps across the rainfed Yin-mountain Hilly Area of China
JIA Li-guo, CHEN Yang, QIN Yong-lin, LIANG Rui-fang, CUI Shi-xin, MA Zhong, FAN Ming-shou
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (11): 2418-2425.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62034-9
摘要364)      PDF    收藏
Yin-mountain Hilly Area is one of the ideal regions for potato (Solanum tuberosum) production in China.  However, potato yield is severely limited as a result of rain-fed crop mode due to water deficiency, as well as an inadequate farming practices.  In this study, yield gaps were determined by using attainable yield (Ya) as a benchmark under optimized management practices, i.e., micro-ridge and side planting with plastic-mulching (MS), and flat planting with plastic-mulching (PM).  The yields under MS and PM modes are defined as Ya1 and Ya2, respectively.  Under the same field with MS and PM modes but different densities and fertilizer usages and so on, it was defined as simulated farmers’ practices.  The yield of simulated farmers’ practices (Yf1) reached 57.3 and 69.6% of Ya1 and Ya2, respectively, while the average yield of 298 randomly surveyed farmers (Yf2) reached only 37.0 and 47.8% of Ya1 and Ya2 for rain-fed potato, respectively.  The gaps of water use efficiency exhibited similar pattern.  Further analysis shows that improper measures in rainwater conservation and accumulation, and other management practices contributed to 18.5, 18.2, and 42.6% of yield gap between Ya1 and Yf2.  Improper nutrition management, including overuse of nitrogen and the deficiency of phosphorus and potassium supplication, was one of the important reasons of yield gap.  The results indicate the possibilities of increasing rain-fed potato yields by optimized water and fertilizer managements in the Yin-mountain Hilly Area.
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7. Straw return and appropriate tillage method improve grain yield and nitrogen efficiency of winter wheat
CHEN Jin, ZHENG Meng-jing, PANG Dang-wei, YIN Yan-ping, HAN Ming-ming, LI Yan-xia, LUO Yong-li, XU Xu, LI Yong, WANG Zhen-lin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (08): 1708-1719.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61589-7
摘要1015)      PDF    收藏
   Straw return is an important management tool for tackling and promoting soil nutrient conservation and improving crop yield in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China. Although the incorporation of maize straw with deep plowing and rotary tillage practices are widespread in the region, only few studies have focused on rotation tillage. To determine the effects of maize straw return on the nitrogen (N) efficiency and grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), we conducted experiments in this region for 3 years. Five treatments were tested: (i) rotary tillage without straw return (RT); (ii) deep plowing tillage without straw return (DT); (iii) rotary tillage with total straw return (RS); (iv) deep plowing tillage with total straw return (DS); (v) rotary tillage of 2 years and deep plowing tillage in the 3rd year with total straw return (TS). Treatments with straw return increased kernels no. ear–1, thousand-kernel weight (TKW), grain yields, ratio of dry matter accumulation post-anthesis, and nitrogen (N) efficiency whereas reduced the ears no. ha–1 in the 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 growing seasons. Compared with the rotary tillage, deep plowing tillage significantly increased the grain yield, yield components, total dry matter accumulation, and N efficiency in 2013–2014. RS had significantly higher straw N distribution, soil inorganic nitrogen content, and soil enzymes activities in the 0–10 cm soil layer compared with the DS and TS. However, significantly lower values were observed in the 10–20 and 20–30 cm soil layers. TS obtained approximately equal grain yield as DS, and it also reduced the resource costs. Therefore, we conclude that TS is the most economical method for increasing grain yield and N efficiency of winter wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.
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8. Establishing dynamic thresholds for potato nitrogen status diagnosis with the SPAD chlorophyll meter
ZHENG Hong-li, LIU Yan-chun, QIN Yong-lin, CHEN Yang, FAN Ming-shou
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2015, 14 (1): 190-195.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60925-4
摘要1981)      PDF    收藏
The hand-held soil plant analysis development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter has proved to be a promising tool in evaluating the nitrogen status of the potato and guiding fertilization recommendations. In the process of N evaluation of potato plants and N recommendation, it is critical to establish the threshold SPAD value (SPAD reading), below which nitrogen supplement is required. And taking convenient using into account, the threshold needs to be dynamic throughout the potato growing season so that the users can test their potato plants and make fertilization decision at any growing time of potato. To complete this goal, field experiments with different nitrogen supply levels were conducted in different sites in northern China from 2009 to 2011. The results showed that threshold SPAD values decrease as the growing season progresses for all cultivars and planting sites. By statistical analysis, the threshold regression models were established respectively as: y=−0.003x2−0.0507x+58.213 (y, threshold SPAD value; x, days after emergence) for the potato cultivar Kexin 1, and y=−0.003x2+0.017x+52.489 (y, threshold SPAD value; x, days after emergence) for the cultivar Shepody, from which, the threshold SPAD value at any day after emergence can be calculated.
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9. Differential Expression of MicroRNAs in Response to Drought Stress in Maize
LI Jing-sheng, FU Feng-ling, AN Ming, ZHOU Shu-feng, SHE Yue-hui , LI Wan-chen
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2013, 12 (8): 1414-1422.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60311-1
摘要1303)      PDF    收藏
Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that limit maize productivity. Apart from the principal transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional regulation mediated by microRNAs appears to be the prevalent response of plants to abiotic stress. In this study, the differential expression of microRNAs in the previously evaluated drought-tolerant inbred lines R09 under drought stress was detected by microarray hybridization. The target genes of the differentially-expressed microRNAs were predicted by bioinformatics software WMD3 for plant target gene prediction. The possible regulation of the differentially-expressed microRNAs as well as their target genes in maize response to drought stress was analysed according to Gene Ontology. Sixty-eight microRNAs in 29 microRNA families were detected to be differentially expressed in the seedling of the drought-tolerant inbred line R09, accounting for 5.97% of the total number of the probes. The expression profiles were different between the two time points of the drought stress. The functions of the genes targeted by the differentially-expressed microRNAs involve multiple physiological and biochemical pathways of response to abiotic stress, such as transcription regulation, metabolism, signal transduction, hormone stimulation, and transmembrane transport. Under drought stress, the differential expression of microRNAs regulates the expression of their target genes, resulting in multiple responses of physiological and biochemical pathways relative to drought tolerance of maize. miR156, miR159 and miR319 families may play more important roles. The different members of the same family may play similar regulation effects in most cases.
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10. Effects of N Management on Yield and N Uptake of Rice in Central China
PANSheng-gang, HUANG Sheng-qi, ZHAI Jing, WANG Jing-ping, CAO Cou-gui, CAI Ming-li, ZHAN Ming , TANG Xiang-ru
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2012, 12 (12): 1993-2000.   DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(00)8736
摘要1405)      PDF    收藏
Efficient N fertilizer management is critical for the economic production of rice and the long-term protection of environmental quality. A field experiment was designed to study the effects of N fertilizer management practices on grain yield and N uptake of rice. The experiment was laid out in the randomized complete block design with four replications in Central China during 2008 and 2009. Five N treatments denoted as N0, N150A, N150B, N240A, and N240B, respectively, were studied. N0 represented no N application and served as a control, N150A and N150B indicated the total N application of 150 kg N ha-1 but with two different application schedules (A and B) across the early stage of rice growth. Schedule A was applied as follows: 40% basal, 30% at 10 d after transplanting (DAT) and 30% at 36 DAT (nearly at the panicle initiation stage), while schedule B was as follows: 30% at basal, 20% at 10 DAT, and 50% at 36 DAT. Similarly, N240A and N240B indicated the total N application of 240 kg N ha-1 with schedules A and B as described above. To quantify N uptake from fertilizer and soil, a 15N experiment was also conducted within the main experimental field, with micro-plots. Grain yields were significantly increased as N rates increased from 0 to 240 kg N ha-1. At the same rate, splitting N application as schedule B significantly increased the grain yield, spikelets per panicle, percentage of ripened grain, and 1 000-grain weight, compared with the N application according to schedule A. Mean rice recovery of N fertilizer by 15N tracing method ranged from 25.39% at N240A to 34.89% at N150B, however, N fertilizer residual rate in the soil ranged from 12.40% at N240A to 16.61% at N150B. About 31.5 and 28.5% of total uptake of 15N derived from basal fertilizer was absorbed at panicle initiation and heading stages, respectively. However, 65.6-92.5% of total uptake of 15N derived from topdressing fertilizer was absorbed at the heading stage. Based on yield and nitrogen recovery efficiency, splitting N application according to schedule B at the rate of 240 kg N ha-1 will be more profitable among the tested five N treatments in Central China.
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11. Expression of Eph-Ephrin A Molecules in Endometrium During Swine Embryo Implantation Examined Using Real-Time RT-PCR
FU Yan-feng, FU Jin-luan, YANG Lu, TIAN Ming-ming, CHEN Wen-cheng , WANG Ai-guo
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2011, 10 (9): 1445-1451.   DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60137-5
摘要1724)      PDF    收藏
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor and its membrane-bound ligands (Eph-Ephrin) system could regulatesome mammalian blastocyst attachment and spreading. In order to investigate the involvement of the Eph-Ephrin systemin swine embryo attachment, mRNA expression of Eph-Ephrin molecules in endometrium was examined by real-time RTPCRduring embryo implantation in pigs. The results indicated that mRNA expressions of Eph A5, A7 and Ephrin A5 allcontinually increased from pregnancy day 13 to 24. Ephrin A3 mRNA expression significantly increased from day 13 to 18and decreased from day 18 to 24, and the expression was the lowest on pregnancy day 13 and the highest on day 18.However, Ephrin A4 mRNA expression was the lowest on pregnancy day 18 and the highest on day 24, and the expressiondecreased from day 13 to 18 and increased from day 18 to 24. Furthermore, mRNA expressions of Eph A5 and A7 were bothfound in other tissues, such as brain, muscle, intestine, stomach, etc. These findings suggest that the Eph-Ephrin systemmay play an important role in regulating the contact between blastocysts and endometrium during swine embryoimplantation.
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