Characteristics of lodging resistance of high-yield winter wheat as affected by nitrogen rate and irrigation managements

doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63566-3

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

小麦的高产主要通过增施氮肥和增加灌水实现，但过量的氮肥和灌水投入增加了倒伏的风险。本研究的主要目的是明确高产小麦抗倒伏能力对氮肥和灌水的响应以及探索提高小麦抗倒伏性的有效途径。试验于2015-2016和2016-2017生长季在山东农业大学农学实验站进行，供试品种为济麦22，设置3个施氮量和4个灌水处理，主要研究结果如下：随施氮量增加，倒伏指数和倒伏率增加，倒伏风险上升。增加氮肥用量，与倒伏指数呈正相关的株高、基部节间长度和重心高度显著增加，与倒伏指数呈负相关的基部第二节间（茎秆和叶鞘）充实度及其细胞壁组分含量显著降低。适度增加灌水可增加基部第二节间壁厚、茎秆抗折力和叶鞘的充实度，增加了茎秆强度。在本实验条件下，施氮量240 kg hm^-2 并配合在拔节期和开花期各灌水600 m³ hm^-2在获得最高产量的同时茎秆强度最大。结果表明，适宜的株高保证高产所需的足够的生物量，较厚的壁厚、较高的茎秆和叶鞘充实度以及细胞壁组分含量保证了较大的茎秆强度，以上特征可作为创建小麦高产抗倒群体的参考指标。

Abstract: High yields of wheat are mainly obtained through a high level of nitrogen and irrigation supplementation. However, excessive nitrogen and irrigation supplication increase the risk of lodging. The main objectives of this work were to clarify the capacity of lodging resistance of wheat in response to nitrogen and irrigation, as well as to explore the effective ways of improving lodging resistance in a high-yield wheat cultivar. In this study, field experiments were conducted in the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 growing seasons. A wheat cultivar Jimai 22 (JM22), which is widely planted in the northern of Huang-Huai winter wheat region, was grown at Tai’an, Shandong Province, under three nitrogen rates and four irrigation treatments. The lodging risk was increased with increased nitrogen rate, as indicated by increasing lodging index (LI) and lodging rate across both growing seasons. With nitrogen increasing, the plant height, the basal internode length and the center of gravity height, which were positively correlated with LI, increased significantly. While the density of the basal 2nd internode (for culm and leaf sheath) and cell wall component contents, which were negatively correlated with LI, decreased conspicuous along with nitrogen increased. Increasing irrigation supplementation increased the 2nd internode culm wall thickness, breaking strength and leaf sheath density within limits which increased stem strength. Among the treatments, nitrogen application at a rate of 240 kg ha^–1 and irrigation application at 600 m3 ha^–1 at both the jointing and anthesis stages resulted in the highest yield and strongest stem. A suitable plant height ensures sufficient biomass for high yield, and higher stem stiffness, which was primarily attributed to thicker culm wall, greater density of the culm and leaf sheaths and higher cell wall component contents are the characteristics that should be taken into account to improving wheat lodging resistance.

Key words: wheat , lodging resistance , nitrogen , irrigation , high yield

. [J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(5): 1290-1309.

LI Wen-qian, HAN Ming-ming, PANG Dang-wei, CHEN Jin, WANG Yuan-yuan, DONG He-he, CHANG Yong-lan, JIN Min, LUO Yong-li, LI Yong, WANG Zhen-lin. Characteristics of lodging resistance of high-yield winter wheat as affected by nitrogen rate and irrigation managements[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(5): 1290-1309.

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