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1. 挥发性代谢组和转录组揭示大花粉晕香水月季花香释放节律及分子机制
ZHOU Li-jun, HUANG Run-huan, LIU Ting-han, LIU Wei-chao, CHEN Yun-yi, LU Pei-feng, LUO Le, PAN Hui-tang, YU Chao, ZHANG Qi-xiang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (7): 2111-2125.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.06.015
摘要263)      PDF    收藏

月季是世界上最重要的观赏植物之一,极高食用和药用价值,还全世界范围广泛种植用来提取精油。本研究采用固相微萃取(SPME)和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用法对在云南西北地区发现的具有甜香的新物种——大花粉晕香水月季(Rosa yangii不同开花阶段的花香成分进行提取和分析。共检测到113种挥发性有机化合物,从中筛选出69芳香挥发物我们发现大花粉晕香水月季的花朵在初开期产生和释放挥发性有机物明显高于其他开放阶段阶段合成并保留了大量的花香组分说明在工业生产更适合在初开期采收花朵。气味活性值(OAV)分析表明,大花粉晕香水月季的主要芳香成分包括丁香酚、甲基丁香醇、苯乙醛和苯乙醇、庚醛、癸醛、(E-2-己烯-1-基乙酸酯、石竹烯等。代谢组和时序基因共表达网络(TO-GCN联合分析显示,苯类/苯丙类挥发性有机化合物合成途径上的基因和有机挥发物其浓郁甜香起主要调控作用。MYBbHLH可能是调控丁香酚合成酶(EGS)异丁香酚合成酶(IGS)合成进而影响花香重要转录因子。综上所述,本研究可为观赏植物芳香分子育种提供科学依据,并促进植物精油新原料在食品储藏、芳香疗法、化妆品和香料行业的开发利用。

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2. 麻山药下脚料对断奶羔羊生长性能、血液参数、瘤胃发酵和瘤胃细菌群的影响
GUO Yun-xia, YANG Ruo-chen, DUAN Chun-hui, WANG Yong, HAO Qing-hong, JI Shou-kun, YAN Hui, ZHANG Ying-jie, LIU Yue-qin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (6): 1833-1846.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.10.002
摘要293)      PDF    收藏

本研究选取60只健康状况良好、体重(22.68±2.56 kg)相近的雄性小尾寒羊断奶羔羊,采用完全随机区组试验设计,将60只羔羊随机分为4组,每组15只。DOW替代精料的比例分别为0% (对照组, CON)、 10%(DOW1)、 15%(DOW2)和20%(DOW3)。饲养期共63 d,预试期15 d,正试期48 d,进行羔羊生长性能、血液指标、瘤胃发酵参数和瘤胃微生物菌群的测定。结果表明,DOW2组羔羊的干物质(DMI)摄入量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。日增重 (ADG) 随着DOW替代精料比例的增加而呈线性增加或二次效应变化(P<0.05),DOW2组羔羊的ADG较对照组更高(P<0.05)。随着DOW替代精料比例的增加,羔羊血浆GH、IGF-1和Insulin的浓度(P<0.05)呈现线性提高或二次效应变化(P<0.05), 且DOW2组血浆激素含量显著高于对照组。随着DOW替代精料比例的增加,血浆尿素氮(BUN)的浓度(P<0.05)呈线性降低和二次效应变化。DOW替代精料可有效的调节瘤胃代谢及菌群变化。随着DOW替代精料比例的增加,瘤胃NH3-N的浓度在饲喂后0 h、4 h和8 h呈线性降低(P<0.05),在0 h和4 h时呈二次效应变化(P<0.05);在饲喂后0 h和4 h后总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFAs)含量呈线性增加(P<0.05);在饲喂0 h乙酸的含量呈线性增加(P<0.05),饲喂后4 h和8 h时呈二次效应变化(P<0.05);丙酸的含量在饲喂0 h,4 h和8 h时呈线性降低,乙酸/丙酸比例在0 h,4 h和8 h均呈线性增加(P<0.05)。DOW2组瘤胃中厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、琥珀酸菌属(Succiniclasticum)和反刍菌属(Ruminococcus_1)的相对丰度显著高于对照组,同时去铁杆菌门(Deferribacteres)、肠杆菌属(Intestinimonas)和反胃梭菌属(Ruminiclostridium)相对丰度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,麻山药下脚料可改善饲料适口性,增加DMI,进而调控瘤胃微生物菌群变化,提高瘤胃发酵效率,促进羔羊生长,在本试验条件下,综合生长性能、血液指标及瘤胃发酵参数,麻山药下脚料的适宜添加比例为15%。本试验首次对麻山药下脚料作为饲料原料对羔羊生长性能及瘤胃发酵参数进行了研究,为降低养殖成本,提高养殖效益,同时对农业废弃物的饲料化利用提供了思路。

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3. JIA-2021-1554 羔羊出生至4月龄粪便细菌群落演替过程及其与血清免疫指标的相关性
YIN Xue-jiao, JI Shou-kun, DUAN Chun-hui, TIAN Pei-zhi, JU Si-si, YAN Hui, ZHANG Ying-jie, LIU Yue-qin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (2): 537-550.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.055
摘要215)      PDF    收藏

微生物在胃肠道发育早期的定植和演替过程对于宿主免疫系统的发育十分重要。本试验以湖羊为研究对象,选择10只初生湖羊母羔(2.87 ± 0.28 kg),利用16S rDNA测序手段,测定0,3,10,20,30,45,60,90,120日龄羔羊粪便细菌区系,探究羔羊从出生至120日龄,体重、血清指标和粪便细菌群落的动态变化,及三者之间的关系。研究结果表明,羔羊生长性能、血清指标、粪便细菌群落和粪便细菌功能均受羔羊日龄的影响(P<0.05)。羔羊平均日增重在60-90日龄时最低(P<0.05),可能是断奶应激造成。羔羊的免疫反应在30日龄时最高,此时羔羊血清中免疫球蛋白(免疫球蛋白A,免疫球蛋白G,免疫球蛋白M)、细胞因子(白细胞介素-,白细胞介素-6,白细胞介素-12、白细胞介素-17、肿瘤坏死因子-α)和肠道通透性指标(D-乳酸和内毒素)水平高于其它日龄组(P<0.05)。各日龄组内粪便细菌群落相似性分析表明,同日龄组内相似性在断奶前较低,在断奶(60日龄)后显著增加(P<0.05)。各日龄与120日龄粪便细菌群落相似性表明,30日龄后,与120日龄的相似性显著增加(P<0.05)。粪便细菌属Lachnospiraceae UCG-010, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group, Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, Ruminococcaceae UCG-009, Ruminococcaceae UCG-013, Ruminiclostridium 6, Ruminococcaceae UCG-008Oscillibacter与血清中内毒素、D-乳酸、免疫球蛋白(免疫球蛋白A,免疫球蛋白G,免疫球蛋白M)、细胞免疫因子(白细胞介素-,白细胞介素-6,白细胞介素-12和白细胞介素-17)和肿瘤坏死因子-α水平呈负相关(P<0.05),并且这些属的相对丰度从45日龄时增加。本研究结果表明,与血清免疫指标相关属的相对丰度从45日龄起随羔羊年龄增加,羔羊出生至45日龄可能存在关键调控时期,为调控羔羊微生物以提高羔羊免疫性能提供机会。本研究分析比较了羔羊初生至120日龄,粪便细菌建立过程及其与羔羊体重和血清免疫指标的关系,分析发现了调控羔羊微生物区系的关键时期。

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4. JIA-2021-1127 利用RNA-Seq研究具有杀虫功能的Hvβ’COPI基因dsRNA在茄二十八星瓢虫体内的脱靶效应
LÜ Jing, Satyabrata NANDA, CHEN Shi-min, MEI Yang, HE Kang, QIU Bao-li, ZHANG You-jun, LI Fei, PAN Hui-peng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (9): 2665-2674.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.015
摘要198)      PDF    收藏

本研究比较了分别摄取了dsHvβ′COPI(外壳蛋白复合物I,β′亚基)和dsGFP的茄二十八星瓢虫(Henosepilachna viginitoctopunctata)转录组,以期了解外源dsRNA在茄二十八星瓢虫体内引起的脱靶效应。RNA-Seq结果显示,与dsGFP对照组相比,dsHvβ′COPI处理组中分别有63个上调和44个下调的差异表达基因(DEG)。通过荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)分析验证选取的DEG的差异表达,证实了转录组分析结果是可靠的。进一步的分析表明,在茄二十八星瓢虫转录组中没有与Hvβ'COPI同源的基因。此外,在转录组中未发现与dsHvβ'COPI连续匹配>11 bp的基因。我们选择了6个可能参与茄二十八星瓢虫中Hvβ'COPI所参与的代谢路径基因(HvcitronHvhelicaseHvtransportsaseHvserineHvdyneinHvE3 ubiquitin)来检测dsHvβ'COPI可能引起的脱靶效应。利用RNAi评估这6个脱靶基因的沉默效率。然而,RNAi结果表明这6个基因的表达量虽下调,但对茄二十八星瓢虫无明显的致死作用。此外,本研究的结果将有助于将来RNAi介导的害虫防治的风险分析


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5. 基于单个或多个品种参考群体评估影响猪基因型填充准确性的因素
ZHANG Kai-li, PENG Xia, ZHANG Sai-xian, ZHAN Hui-wen, LU Jia-hui, XIE Sheng-song, ZHAO Shu-hong, LI Xin-yun, MA Yun-long
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (2): 486-495.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63695-X
摘要281)      PDF    收藏

基因型填充已成为基因组分析中预处理的关键步骤,其准确性直接影响下游分析。许多因素都会影响填充的准确性,其中,混合参考群体的填充倍受关注。这项研究旨在:评估填充及其影响因素之间的关系,以确保更高的填充精度;探索在参考群体中包含多个品种(系)是否有利于猪填充的准确性;选择具有良好填充效果的填充软件。在这项研究中我们使用50K芯片数据,基于单品系(大白A系)和多品种(大白A系,大白B系,杜洛克长白)参考群体评估了填充精度随验证群体标记密度参考群体样本量最小等位基因频率和参考群体组成四种影响因素的变化,并比较了Beagle 4.1、FImpute、IMPUTE2 MaCH-Admix四种填充软件的填充准确率和运行时间。通过计算填充后SNPs和真实SNPs间的基因型一致率和皮尔森相关性获得填充精度。首先,我们通过随机缺失验证群体中20、45、70、95%和99%的SNPs来模拟低密度芯片,以研究标记密度的影响。然后,我们从原参考群体中随机抽取8、86、173、434868头猪作为新的参考群体来研究参考群体样本量对填充精度的作用。对于最小等位基因频率,SNPs等位基因频率被分为7类,分别计算每类SNPs的填充准确性。结果显示,随着验证群体标记密度,参考群体样本量和最小等位基因频率增加,填充准确增加。当参考群体为与验证群体品系一致的单品系群体时,填充准确性较高,其他品种(系)的添加会导致相对差的填充结果。此外,随着参考群体中主效品系样本量的增加,填充准确性也会提高。在所有填充情景中,综合考虑填充精度和运行时间,Beagle 4.1FImpute优于IMPUTE2 MaCH-Admix。这项工作使从事相关研究的人员能够更直观地了解这些影响因素对填充的影响,并为实际猪育种中实施填充策略提供实践指导。

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6. JIA-2021-1117 生长羔羊胃肠道真菌群落的发育规律
YIN Xue-jiao, JI Shou-kun, DUAN Chun-hui, TIAN Pei-zhi, JU Si-si, YAN Hui, ZHANG Ying-jie, LIU Yue-qin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (11): 3314-3328.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.092
摘要249)      PDF    收藏

胃肠道真菌群落对于动物的健康和生长性能十分重要,但目前其在消化道内的定植过程尚不清楚。本研究目的是探究生长羔羊从出生至四月龄胃肠道真菌群落的发育规律。本实验选择10只初生湖羊母羔(2.87 ± 0.28 kg)作为实验动物,利用IT1S rDNA测序手段,测定0,3,10,20,30,45,60,90,120日龄羔羊瘤胃和直肠内容物真菌区系,联合随机森林分析,探究10只湖羊母羔从出生至4月龄瘤胃和直肠真菌群落的动态变化,确定真菌区系在胃肠道的建立过程。结果表明,随着羔羊日龄的增加,胃肠道真菌群落的组成、多样性和菌群丰度受到显著影响(P<0.05)。在门水平上,Ascomycota和Basidiomycota在瘤胃和直肠样品中均占主导地位。各日龄组内瘤胃真菌群落相似性在45日龄时显著增加(P<0.05),而各日龄组内直肠真菌群落相似性在60日龄后显著增加(P<0.05)。随年龄变化的属,Acremonium, Microascus, Valsonectria, Myrmecridium, Scopulariopsis, Myrothecium, Saccharomyces 和 Stephanonectria在瘤胃和直肠中均随羔羊年龄变化而改变,说明这些真菌可能在羔羊生长发育过程中起到关键性作用,并且说明上消化道的微生物可能会对下消化道的微生物区系产生影响。主坐标分析结果表示,瘤胃和直肠真菌群落存在显著差异(P<0.05)。本研究表明,真菌群落在胃肠道演替过程可以分为三个阶段:定植阶段(0-10日龄),过渡阶段(10-45日龄),和相对稳定的逐渐成熟阶段(45-120日龄)。本实验结果表明,羔羊的年龄和胃肠道的不同部位均会影响真菌群落组成,为真菌在羔羊早期生长发育过程的调控奠定理论基础。本研究较全面的比较分析了120日龄之前,湖羊羔羊胃肠道真菌建立过程和此过程中逐步行使主导作用的优势菌群,分析发现了不同日龄阶段胃肠道真菌结构的特征。

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7. JIA-2021-1477 轮枝镰刀菌过氧化物酶体基质受体Pex5影响致病性及FB1合成
YU Wen-ying, LIN Mei, YAN Hui-juan, WANG Jia-jia, ZHANG Sheng-min, LU Guo-dong, WANG Zong-hua, Won-Bo SHIM
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (10): 2957-2972.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.044
摘要235)      PDF    收藏

过氧化物酶体内基质主要包括氧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶等,它们调节细胞氧化稳态和功能,绝大部分的基质含过氧化物酶体靶向信号(PTS)并由PTS受体运输入内。本文研究发现过氧化物酶体靶向信号类型1(PTS1) 受体Pex5的缺失影响了病原真菌轮枝镰刀菌多种生物学功能,结果将有助于阐明 Pex5致病及产毒的分子机制,并为控制病害和减少伏马菌素 B1(FB1)的毒害提供理论依据。同源重组的方法构建FvPEX5敲除突变体(ΔFvpex5),继而构建敲除突变体的互补菌株。通过比较野生型,敲除突变体和互补菌株三者的表型,我们探究并验证FvPex5在轮枝镰刀菌中的生物学功能;进一步通过RNA-Seq 分析ΔFvpex5中表达差异的PTS蛋白,并结合GO和KEEG注释进而解析FvPex5影响生物学功能的原因。研究发现轮枝镰刀 PTS1受体 FvPex5 参与 PTS1 的定位、碳源和脂质的利用、消除 ROS、细胞壁应激反应、分生孢子的形成FB1产生以及致病性。在ΔFvpex5 突变体,RNA-Seq 分析发现差异表达的PTS1、PTS2、 PTS 相关途径中的过氧化物酶体相关基因(PEX) FB1 毒素相关基因,并进一步通过RT-PCR 证实这些基因的差异表达。此外,结合GO和KEEG注释,发现ΔFvpex5突变体中差异表达的PTS1、PTS2基因在碳代谢、氮代谢、脂质代谢和氧化平衡等多种生化途径中富集。FvPex5 参与了 PTS 相关基因的调控,从而影响了轮枝镰刀菌的氧化平衡、FB1产量和致病性。本研究首次发现了FvPex5对伏马毒素FB1合成起调节作用,并首次对轮枝镰刀菌中的过氧化物酶体靶向信号(PTS)蛋白进行了预测及功能分析。

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8. JIA-2021-0532 利用STTM技术抑制miR397提高甘薯对SPVD的抗性
LI Chen, LIU Xuan-xuan, ABOUELNASR Hesham, MOHAMED HAMED Arisha, KOU Meng, TANG Wei, YAN Hui, WANG Xin, WANG Xiao-xiao, ZHANG Yun-gang, LIU Ya-ju, GAO Run-fei, MA Meng, LI Qiang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (10): 2865-2875.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.054
摘要203)      PDF    收藏
甘薯(Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.)作为一种重要的杂粮作物,在世界各地广泛种植,但深受甘薯病毒病(SPVD)的影响。本研究利用短串联靶标模拟物(STTM)成功抑制甘薯miR397的表达,上调其靶基因漆酶(IbLACs)的表达,使木质素合成途径的上游基因,包括苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶(4CL)、羟基肉桂酰CoA:莽草酸/奎宁酸羟基肉桂酰转移酶(HTC)、咖啡酸O-甲基转移酶(COMT)、肉桂醇脱氢酶(CAD)等基因被反馈调控而广泛上调表达。同时,导致PAL和LAC的酶活性显著增加,促进木质素的合成与积累。木质素在细胞壁中的沉积增加了转基因甘薯植株的物理防御能力,有效减少了烟粉虱对SPVD的传播,保证甘薯的健康生长。本研究为甘薯抗病育种和绿色生产提供了新思路。
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9. High density genetic map and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with petal number and flower diameter identified in tetraploid rose
YU Chao, WAN Hui-hua, Peter M. BOURKE, CHENG Bi-xuan, LUO Le, PAN Hui-tang, ZHANG Qi-xiang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (5): 1287-1301.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63416-5
摘要182)      PDF    收藏

月季(Rosa cvs.)是世界上最重要的观赏植物之一。现代月季多为四倍体,其减数分裂过程中存在双减数分裂和优先配对,使得传统的连锁分析方法不能适用四倍体月季。因此,四倍体月季遗传图谱的构建工作既迫切又具挑战性。本研究以四倍体月季F1杂交群体为试验材料,通过简化基因组测序的方法构建遗传图谱。共检测到17,382个SNP标记,加上课题组前期开发的440个SSR和AFLP标记,利用GATK中同源四倍体的模型进行基因分型,最终获得6,885个高质量的标记。然后利用polymapR进行遗传连锁分析,构建了四倍体月季的高密度遗传连锁图谱。该图谱包含7个连锁群,6,842个标记,总图距为1,158.90 cM,标记间平均遗传距离为0.18 cM。随后对花瓣数量和花朵直径进行QTL分析,检测到1个与花瓣数量相关的主效QTL (qpnum-3-1),解释表型变异20.18–22.11%。检测到4个与花朵直径相关的QTLs,连续两年的花朵直径数据检测到1个主效QTL(qfdia-2-2)。本研究为现代月季分子标记辅助育种工作奠定基础,同时为其他同源多倍体的遗传分析提供借鉴。


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10. Sub-lethal effects of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) on field populations of the potato tuberworm Phthorimaea operculella Zeller in China
YUAN Hui-guo, WU Sheng-yong, LEI Zhong-ren,?Silvia I. Rondon, GAO Yu-lin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (04): 911-918.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61898-7
摘要646)      PDF    收藏
The potato tuberworm Phthorimaea operculella Zeller, is one of the most important potato pests worldwide including China.  Several reports indicate that P. operculella could be controlled biologically by the use of beneficial fungus such as Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv) Vuill.  However, limited information is available under growing conditions in China.  Thus, this study evaluated the sub-lethal effects of B. bassiana on the offspring of P. operculella by the age-stage, two-sex life table.  First instar larva of P. operculella were treated with 1×107 conidia mL–1 of the fungus, and several biological parameters were evaluated.  The fecundity, duration of the egg stage, all larval stages, pre-adult stage, and total pre-oviposition period, were significantly shorter than the control treatment.  Offspring of treated parents, presented a net reproductive rate and mean generation time of 17.43 per day and 24.98 days, respectively, compared to 65.79 per day and 26.51 days for the untreated ones.  This study provides basic information to help understanding the potential long-term effects of entomopathogenic fungi on P. operculella.
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11. Ipomoea batatas HKT1 transporter homolog mediates K+ and Na+ uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PARK Sung-chul, YU Yi-cheng, KOU Meng, YAN Hui, TANG Wei, WANG Xin, LIU Ya-ju, ZHANG Yun-gang, KWAK Sang-soo, MA Dai-fu, SUN Jian, LI Qiang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (10): 2168-2176.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61570-8
摘要738)      PDF    收藏
Soil salinity causes the negative effects on the growth and yield of crops. In this study, two sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) cultivars, Xushu 28 (X-28) and Okinawa 100 (O-100), were examined under 50 and 100 mmol L–1 NaCl stress. X-28 cultivar is relatively high salt tolerant than O-100 cultivar. Interestingly, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results indicated that sweet potato high-affinity K+ transporter 1 (IbHKT1) gene expression was highly induced by 50 and 100 mmol L–1 NaCl stress in the stems of X-28 cultivar than in those of O-100 cultivar, but only slightly induced by these stresses in the leaves and fibrous roots in both cultivars. To characterize the function of IbHKT1 transporter, we performed ion-flux analysis in tobacco transient system and yeast complementation. Tobacco transient assay showed that IbHKT1 could uptake sodium (Na+). Yeast complementation assay showed that IbHKT1 could take up K+ in 50 mmol L–1 K+ medium without the presence of NaCl. Moreover, Na+ uptake significantly increased in yeast overexpressing IbHKT1. These results showed that IbHKT1 transporter could have K+-Na+ symport function in yeast. Therefore, the modes of action of IbHKT1 in transgenic yeast could differ from the mode of action of the other HKT1 transporters in class I. Potentially, IbHKT1 could be used to improve the salt tolerance nature in sweet potato.
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12. Development of SNP markers using RNA-seq technology and tetra-primer ARMS-PCR in sweetpotato
KOU Meng, XU Jia-lei, LI Qiang, LIU Ya-ju, WANG Xin, TANG Wei, YAN Hui, ZHANG Yun-gang, MA Dai-fu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (02): 464-470.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61405-3
摘要1224)      PDF    收藏
The information of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is quite unknown in sweetpotato.  In this study, two sweetpotato varieties (Xushu 18 and Xu 781) were sequenced by Illumina technology, as well as de novo transcriptome assembly, functional annotation, and in silico discovery of potential SNP molecular markers.  Tetra-primer Amplification Refractory Mutation System PCR (ARMS-PCR) is a simple and sufficient method for detecting different alleles in SNP locus.  Total 153 sets of ARMS-PCR primers were designed to validate the putative SNPs from sequences.  PCR products from 103 sets of primers were different between Xu 781 and Xushu 18 via agarose gel electrophoresis, and the detection rate was 67.32%.  We obtained the expected results from 32 sets of primers between the two genotypes.  Furthermore, we ascertained the optimal annealing temperature of 32 sets of primers.  These SNPs might be used in genotyping, QTL mapping, or marker-assisted trait selection further in sweetpotato.  To our knowledge, this work was the first study to develop SNP markers in sweetpotato by using tetra-primer ARMS-PCR technique.  This method was a simple, rapid, and useful technique to develop SNP markers, and will provide a potential and preliminary application in discriminating cultivars in sweetpotato.
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13. Effect of Different Rice-Crab Coculture Modes on Soil Carbohydrates
YAN Ying, LIU Ming-da, YANG Dan, ZHANG Wei, AN Hui, WANG Yao-jing, XIE Hong-tu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2014, 13 (3): 641-647.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60722-4
摘要1601)      PDF    收藏
Traditional agricultural systems have contributed to food and livelihood security. Rice-crab coculture (RC) is an important eco-agricultural process in rice production in northern China. Recognizing the soil fertility in RC may help develop novel sustainable agriculture. Soil carbohydrates are important factors in determining soil fertility in different culture modes. In this study, soil carbohydrates were analyzed under three different culture modes including rice monoculture (RM), conventional rice-crab coculture (CRC) and organic rice-crab coculture (ORC). Results showed that the contents of soil organic carbon and carbohydrates were significantly higher in the ORC than those in RM. The increasing effect was greater with increased organic manure. Similar tendency was found in CRC, but the overall effect was less pronounced compared with ORC. Carbohydrates were more sensitive to RC mode and manure amendment than soil organic carbon. Compare to RM, the (Gal+Man)/(Ara+Xyl) ratio decreased in all the RC modes, indicating a relative enrichment in plant-derived carbohydrates due to the input of crab feed and manure. While the increasing (Gal+Man)/(Ara+Xyl) ratio in ORC modes with increased organic manure suggested that crab activity and metabolism induced microbially derived carbohydrates accumulation. The lower GluN/MurA ratio in ORC indicated an enhancement of bacteria contribution to SOM turnover in a short term. The findings reveal that the ORC mode could improve the quantity and composition of soil carbohydrates, effectively, to ensure a sustainable use of paddy soil.
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14. Effects of Polysaccharides from Pulsatilla Decoction on the Microvascular Endothelial Glycocalyx
ZHANG Tao, WU Shuang, SUN Xiong, DUAN Hui-qin , MU Xiang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2014, 13 (11): 2558-2561.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60896-0
摘要1358)      PDF    收藏
Pulsatilla decoction is a famous traditional Chinese herbal formula for clearing heat and treating dysentery of animals or human. To elucidate its mechanism, many active components have been studied, however, the roles of its polysaccharides still remain unclear. This study aimed to explore effects of polysaccharides from Pulsatilla decoction (PPD) on the microvascular endothelial glycocalyx (eGC). The polysaccharides were extracted from PPD by water extraction and alcohol precipitation method. Mice were administered with PPD for 4 wk, and were then anesthetized with ether inhalation and were fixed by cardiac perfusion with gradient concentration alcian blue solution. The jejunum was sampled and jejunal mucosa was prepared for ultrathin sections by routine method and was analyzed by transmission electron microscope. The results indicated that the eGC was observed as a strong electron-dense smooth linear margin or nonuniform conglomerates coating cell membranes, and PPD significantly increased its thickness from (21.85±1.87) to (28.71±3.61) nm and improved its integrity. This study suggested that PPD may express their biological activities and protect against pathogenic factor damages by influencing the eGC.
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15. Effects of Droplet Distribution on Insecticide Toxicity to Asian Corn Borers (Ostrinia furnaealis) and Spiders (Xysticus ephippiatus)
YANG Dai-bin, ZHANG Lin-na, YAN Xiao-jing, WANG Zhen-ying , YUAN Hui-zhu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2014, 13 (1): 124-133.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60507-9
摘要1562)      PDF    收藏
Distribution of horizontal boom produced droplets downwards into maize canopies at flowering period and its effects on the efficacies of emamectin benzoate, lambda-cyhalothrin and chlorantraniliprole against the second generation of Asian corn borer (ACB) larvae and their toxicity to spiders were studied. When insecticides were sprayed downwards into the maize canopies, randomly filtering out droplets by upper leaves led to great variations of droplet coverage and density within the canopies. Consequently, the efficacies of lambda-cyhalothrin and emamectin benzoate against ACB larvae were decreased because of randomly filtering out droplets by upper leaves. But field investigation showed that lambda-cyhalothrin was extremely toxic to hunting spiders, Xysticus ephippiatus, and not suitable to IPM programs in regulation of the second generation of ACB. Therefore,randomly filtering out droplets by upper leaves decreased lambda-cyhalothrin’s efficacy against ACB larvae, but did little to decrease its toxicity to X. ephippiatus. Amamectin benzoate can reduce the populations of X. ephippiatus by 58.1-61.4%, but the populations can recover at the end of the experiment. Chlorantraniliprole was relatively safe to X. ephippiatus. It only reduced the populations of X. ephippiatus by 22.3-33.0%, and the populations can totally recover 9 d after application.
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16. Comparative Study on the Expression of Genes Involved in Carotenoid and ABA Biosynthetic Pathway in Response to Salt Stress in Tomato
DUAN Hui-kun, ZHU Yan, LI Wen-long, HUA Xue-jun, LIU Yong-xiu, DENG Xin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2012, 12 (7): 1093-1102.   DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(00)8634
摘要1360)      PDF    收藏
1 Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P.R.China 2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R.China 3 Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P.R.China Carotenoid biosynthetic pathway produces not only pigments that protect photosynthetic system against photo-oxidative damage, but also precursors of abscisic acid, the major hormone regulates stress responses. To understand the response of carotenoid biosynthetic pathway to salt stress, the expression of the genes involved in carotenoid and ABA biosynthesis were compared in cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicon cv. Moneymaker and its relative wild genotype S. pimpinellifolium (PI365967) together with the contents of carotenoids and ABA. The results showed that 11 of the 15 genes investigated were up-regulated and four unaltered in Moneymaker after 5 h of salt stress; whereas only four genes were up-regulated, four unaltered, and seven down-regulated in PI365967 after stress. Further comparison revealed that 11 salinity-induced genes were expressed significantly lower in Moneymaker than in PI365967 under normal condition, and 8 of them were induced to similar levels after salt stress. In consistence, ABA level was doubled in Moneymaker but kept consistent in PI365967 after salt stress, though the contents of neoxanthin, violaxanthin, β-carotene, lutein, and total carotenoids were kept unchanged in both species. Since it is known that PI365967 is more tolerant to salt stress than Moneymaker, we proposed that the constitutive high level of carotenoid and ABA biosynthetic pathway under normal growth condition could be benefit to PI365967 for establishing the early response to salt stress. In addition, CrtR-b1 and CrtR-b2 that encode β-carotenoid hydroxylases were the only genes in carotenoid biosynthetic pathway that were up-regulated by salt stress in both species. The CrtR-b2 gene was cloned from both species and no essential difference was found in the encoded amino acid sequences. Transformation of CrtR-b2 to tobacco improved the seed germination under salt stress condition, indicating that the hydrolysis of β-carotenoid is the target of transcriptional regulation of the carotenoid biosynthesis in both tomato cultivar and wild relative.
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17. Baicalin Induces IFN-α/β and IFN-γ Expressions in Cultured Mouse Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells
HU Ge, XUE Jiu-zhou, LIU Jing, ZHANG Tao, DONG Hong, DUAN Hui-qin, YANG Zuo-jun, RENXiao-ming , MU Xiang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2012, 12 (4): 646-654.   DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(00)8585
摘要1571)      PDF    收藏
We studied the effect of baicalin, an extract from Radix Scutellariae (a traditional Chinese medicine) in inducing mouse pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (MPMVECs) to produce interferons (IFNs). MPMVECs were cultured in vitro in the presence of different concentrations of baicalin (10, 20, and 30 μg mL-1), and the cells and the culture media were harvested at various time intervals. The proteins and mRNA levels (relative to β-actin) of IFN-α/β and IFN-γ were analyzed by RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It was observed that baicalin substantially up-regulated the expression of IFN-α/β and IFN-γ. In all baicalin-treated groups, the relative levels of IFN-α/β and IFN-γ mRNAs peaked after 12 h of culturing, and IFN-α/β and IFN-γ proteins peaked after 24 h of culturing. These results suggest that baicalin can effectively induce the expression of IFNs in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, and thus potentially act as an antiviral compound. This study may provide background information for developing new antiviral drugs based on baicalin.
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18. Effects of Papain Hydrolysis on the Pasting Properties of Wheat Flour
CHEN Jian-sheng, TIAN Ji-chun, DENG Zhi-ying, ZHANG Ying-xiang, FENG Shou-li, YAN Zuo-chen, ZHANG Xin-ye, YUAN Hui-qing
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2012, 12 (12): 1948-1957.   DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(00)8731
摘要1594)      PDF    收藏
As one of the most effective enzymatic modification methods of protein, papain hydrolysis is applied widely in food production, accompanying starch pasting frequently in order to improve industrial quality. Effects of the papain hydrolysis on flour pasting properties were investigated in five papain/flour concentrations and five time-treatments. The structure of starch and protein networks in slurry was investigated under microscope before and after pasting. Results showed that papain hydrolysis influenced the pasting properties of wheat flour significantly through affecting structural characteristics, amylase activity and exothermic transition, especially during the early stage of hydrolysis. Peak viscosity, trough, final, integral area, and setback significantly decreased along with the increasing concentration of papain. Both hydrolysis time and concentration of papain had obviously effect on the breakdown. Pasting temperature and pasting time increased significantly with the enhancement of papain concentration. Hydrolysis time exerted minor effect on the pasting temperature and pasting time. The average peak time was slightly prolonged by lower concentration of papain, otherwise slightly shortened by higher concentration.
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