中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (14): 2720-2738.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.14.002

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

黑麦活性着丝粒特异反转录转座子的筛选及其对逆境胁迫的响应

吴翠翠1(), 王若禹1, 马驰1, 何美月1, 尹晓康1, 冯佳宜1, 周宾寒1, 姜宇凡1, 金汉炳1, 赵丽丽1, 孙吉1, 方正武1, 程玲1, 朱展望2, 刘易科2, 张迎新1,*(), 王书平1,*()   

  1. 1 长江大学农学院/农业农村部长江中游作物绿色高效生产重点实验室(部省共建),湖北荆州 434025
    2 湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,武汉 430064
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-05 接受日期:2025-04-02 出版日期:2025-07-17 发布日期:2025-07-17
  • 通信作者:
    张迎新,E-mail:
    王书平,E-mail:
  • 联系方式: 吴翠翠,E-mail:13545425232@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    湖北省重点研发计划(2024BBB004); 植物细胞与染色体工程国家重点实验室开放课题(PCCE-KF-2023-10); 粮食作物种质创新与遗传改良湖北省重点实验室开放课题(2024lzjj15)

Screening of Active Centromeric Retrotransposons of Rye and Their Response to Stress

WU CuiCui1(), WANG RuoYu1, MA Chi1, HE MeiYue1, YIN XiaoKang1, FENG JiaYi1, ZHOU BinHan1, JIANG YuFan1, JIN HanBing1, ZHAO LiLi1, SUN Ji1, FANG ZhengWu1, CHENG Ling1, ZHU ZhanWang2, LIU YiKe2, ZHANG YingXin1,*(), WANG ShuPing1,*()   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, Yangtze University/Key Laboratory of Green and Efficient Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei
    2 Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064
  • Received:2025-02-05 Accepted:2025-04-02 Published:2025-07-17 Online:2025-07-17

摘要:

【目的】着丝粒特异反转录转座子(centromeric retrotransposons,CR)家族在维持禾本科染色体稳定中起着重要的作用。黑麦是小麦遗传改良的优良基因供体,具有抗逆和抗病性强等优良特性,其着丝粒区域富集CR等反转录转座子,筛选具有转座活性的黑麦CR(CR of rye,CRR),并解析其在逆境胁迫下的转录和转座规律,为阐明转座子元件在逆境胁迫下对黑麦基因组稳定性的影响机制提供依据。【方法】运用生物信息学方法对黑麦基因组进行转座子元件从头注释,筛选出具有完整结构的CRR;采用半定量方法筛选出在黑麦栽培品种Secale cereal L. Imperial的叶和根中均高表达的CRR;分别采用实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)、甲基化特异PCR(methylmion specific PCR,MSP)和转座子展示(transposon display,TD)技术对其在盐、ABA、H2O2、PEG、低温和高温等胁迫下黑麦幼苗期(两叶一心)叶和根中的表达水平、甲基化水平和转座活性进行分析。【结果】共筛选出17个CRR,其中,有7个具有完整结构(CRR1CRR2CRR3CRR4CRR5CRR7CRR11);半定量结果显示,CRR2CRR4CRR7在黑麦叶和根中的表达量均较高,对其结构进行分析,发现这3个CRR均能编码其转座所需的反转录酶、核酸酶H和整合酶,其中,CRR7还编码Gag蛋白;CRR2CRR4CRR7在正常条件下均具有基础水平的转录,逆境胁迫能促进其转录,且对CRR7甲基化水平影响最大,其次是CRR2CRR4;同时,在逆境胁迫下,CRR2CRR4CRR7的拷贝数处于动态变化过程,在不同逆境胁迫下,插入和移出基因组频率不同,但整体表现为移出频率大于插入频率。【结论】CRR的5′LTR和3′LTR序列同源性越高,转录活性越强;具有转座活性的CRR在正常条件下具有基础水平的转录,逆境胁迫可促进其转录和转座,且转座主要受转录后调控机制调控;逆境胁迫下基因组重排是影响其在基因组内拷贝数的主要因素。

关键词: 黑麦, 着丝粒, 转座子元件, 逆境胁迫, 甲基化, 转座活性

Abstract:

【Objective】Centromeric retrotransposons (CR) play an important role in maintaining chromosomal stability of Poaceae species. Rye (Secale cereale L. cv. Imperial), a valuable genetic donor for wheat improvement, showed enhanced stress tolerance and disease resistance, the centromeric regions of which are enriched with CR. Screen active rye specific CR (CR of Rye, CRR) and study their transposition patterns under stress conditions, would help elucidate the mechanisms of the possible influence of transposable elements (TEs) transposition on genome stability of rye under stress conditions. 【Method】To identify intact CRR, the rye genome was subjected to de novo annotation of TEs using bioinformatics tools. Semi-quantitative analysis was applied to screen highly expressed CRR in both leaves and roots of rye. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), methylation-specific PCR (MSP), and transposon display (TD) techniques were used to analyze the expression and methylation level, and transposition activity of the screened CRR in leaves and roots of abiotic stressed rye seedlings (at the one-tip-two-leaf stage), including salt, ABA, H2O2, PEG, low temperature, and high temperature. 【Result】Seventeen CRR were identified, and seven have intact structure (CRR1, CRR2, CRR3, CRR4, CRR5, CRR7, and CRR11). Semi-quantitative analysis revealed CRR2, CRR4, and CRR7 were highly expressed in both leaves and roots. Structural analysis of the three CRR indicated that they could encode all the enzymes necessary for TE transposition (reverse transcriptase, ribonuclease H, and integrase), with CRR7 also encoded a Gag protein. Under normal conditions, CRR2, CRR4, and CRR7 were basically expressed, which were upregulated by stress treatments, the methylation level of CRR7 changed most under stressed conditions, followed by CRR2 and CRR4. Additionally, the copy number of the three CRR was dynamically changed under stress conditions. Under different stress conditions, the insertion and excision frequency of CRR was different under different stress conditions, but the overall excision frequency was higher than the insertion frequency.【Conclusion】The higher of the sequence homology between the 5’ and 3’ LTRs of CRR, the higher of the transcriptional activity of CRR; active CRR have basical transcriptional level under normal conditions, the transcription and transposition activity of which were upregulated by stress stimuli, which were primarily regulated by post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Genomic rearrangement might be the main factor affecting the copy number of CRR in stress conditions.

Key words: rye, centromere, transposon element, adversity stress, methylation, transposition activity