基于GA3与CPPU的无核化与膨大处理对‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄果实品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.10.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】无核化与膨大处理是提高葡萄商品性的重要措施，通过分析不同浓度赤霉素（GA₃）和细胞分裂素类似物氯吡脲（CPPU）混合处理下‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄果实品质、香气组分积累的差异，旨在阐明不同无核化与膨大处理配方对葡萄果实品质的影响，从而为实际生产应用提供指导。【方法】以‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄为试验材料，分别在盛花期进行A组（10.0 mg·L^-1 GA₃+1.0 mg·L^-1 CPPU）、B组（25.0 mg·L^-1 GA₃+1.0 mg·L^-1 CPPU）、C组（25.0 mg·L^-1 GA₃+3.0 mg·L^-1 CPPU）、D组（50.0 mg·L^-1 GA₃+5.0 mg·L^-1 CPPU）、X组（15.0 mg·L^-1 GA₃+3.0 mg·L^-1 CPPU）和清水对照（CK）6组无核处理，盛花后15 d在C组处理上进行P0（清水）、P1（15.0 mg·L^-1 GA₃+3.5 mg·L^-1 CPPU）、P2（35.0 mg·L^-1 GA₃+3.5 mg·L^-1 CPPU）、P3（55.0 mg·L^-1 GA₃+3.5 mg·L^-1 CPPU）膨大处理，比较不同无核化和膨大处理配方对葡萄果实外观形态指标，色泽指标和香气组分的影响。【结果】不同无核处理的果实无核率均高于对照，其中D组处理下果实无核率达100%。从果实品质上看，D、C两组处理下果实的粒重最高、横纵径最大、果皮亮度最高和耐贮藏性最强，B、C两组糖类积累量最高、提高固酸比效果最显著；从香气物质上来看，不同无核处理均增加了香气种类。C组处理能提高萜烯类、醛类香气组分含量，增加了香气的层次。花后膨大处理中，P2和P3两组处理显著提高果实质量、增大果实横纵径和提高果实耐贮藏性，P2处理下果皮亮度和饱和度的提高最为显著，P1和P2两组处理则显著提高果实糖类积累，降低酸度；3组处理均降低了香气的浓度，P2处理下更多的香气浓度上升，在膨大果实的同时保留了果实香气多样性。【结论】盛花期施用25.0 mg·L^-1 GA₃+3.0 mg·L^-1 CPPU，花后15 d施用35.0 mg·L^-1 GA₃+3.5 mg·L^-1 CPPU复合处理，可在提高‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄果实无核率和膨大效果的基础上提高果实的综合品质。

关键词: 赤霉素, 氯吡脲, 阳光玫瑰, 果实品质, 香气

Abstract:

【Objective】 Seedless treatments and swelling treatments are important measures to improve the marketability of grapes. This study aimed to determine the effects of different seedless and swelling treatment formulas on grape fruit quality by analyzing the differences in fruit quality and aroma component accumulation under different concentrations of GA₃ and CPPU mixture treatments for 'Shine Muscat' grapes, with a view to providing guidance for practical production applications. 【Method】 Taking 'Shine Muscat' grapes as materials, A group (10.0 mg·L^-1 GA₃+1.0 mg·L^-1 CPPU), B group (25.0 mg·L^-1 GA₃+1.0 mg·L^-1 CPPU), C group (25.0 mg·L^-1 GA₃+3.0 mg·L^-1 CPPU), D group (50.0 mg·L^-1 GA₃+5.0 mg·L^-1 CPPU), X group (15.0 mg·L^-1 GA₃+3.0 mg·L^-1 CPPU) and water control (CK) were carried out for seedless treatments in six groups at full-bloom stage, respectively. 15 days after full-bloom, P0 (clear water), P1 (15.0 mg·L^-1 GA₃+3.5 mg·L^-1 CPPU), P2 (35.0 mg·L^-1 GA₃+3.5 mg·L^-1 CPPU), and P3 (55.0 mg·L^-1 GA₃+3.5 mg·L^-1 CPPU) were carried out for swelling treatments in three groups on group C treatment. The effects of different seedless treatment and swelling treatment formulas on the appearance morphological indexes, color indexes and aroma components of grape fruits were compared. 【Result】 The seedless rate of fruits treated with different seedless methods was higher than that of the control group, with the D group treatment achieving a 100% seedless rate. In terms of fruit quality, the D and C groups had the highest grain weight, the largest diameter, the highest skin brightness, and the strongest storability. The B and C groups had the highest sugar accumulation and the most significant increase in the solid-acid ratio. Regarding aromatic substances, different seedless treatments increased the variety of aromas. The C group treatment increased the components of terpenes and aldehydes, adding layers to the aroma. In the post-bloom fruit swelling treatments, groups P2 and P3 significantly improved fruit quality, increased fruit diameter, and enhanced storability. The P2 treatment most notably increased skin brightness and saturation. Group P1 and P2 significantly increased sugar accumulation and reduced acidity. All three treatments reduced the concentration of aromas, with P2 showing a greater increase in aroma concentration, and expanding the fruit while preserving its aromatic diversity. 【Conclusion】 Applying 25.0 mg·L^-1 GA₃+3.0 mg·L^-1 CPPU during the full-bloom stage, with 35.0 mg·L^-1 GA₃+3.5 mg·L^-1 CPPU post-bloom 15 days later, could improve the seedless rate and expansion effect of 'Shine Muscat' grape fruits while enhancing the overall fruit quality.

Key words: GA₃, CPPU, Shine Muscat, grape fruit quality, aroma

董洁, 张鹏, 李旺泽, 李和芳, 周国朝, 陈可钦, 房玉林, 张克坤. 基于GA₃与CPPU的无核化与膨大处理对‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄果实品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(10): 2008-2021.

DONG Jie, ZHANG Peng, LI WangZe, LI HeFang, ZHOU GuoChao, CHEN KeQin, FANG YuLin, ZHANG KeKun. Effects of Seedlessness and Swelling Treatments Based on GA₃ and CPPU on the Fruit Quality of 'Shine Muscat' Grapes[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(10): 2008-2021.

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处理 Treatment	浓度 Concentration
A	10mg·L^-1 GA₃+1mg·L^-1 CPPU
B	25mg·L^-1 GA₃+1mg·L^-1 CPPU
C	25mg·L^-1 GA₃+3mg·L^-1 CPPU
D	50mg·L^-1 GA₃+5mg·L^-1 CPPU
X	15mg·L^-1 GA₃+3mg·L^-1 CPPU
CK	清水 Clear water

处理 Treatment	盛花期处理浓度 Treatment concentration at full-bloom stage	盛花期后15 d处理浓度 Treatment concentration at 15 d after full bloom
P0	25mg·L^-1 GA₃+3mg·L^-1 CPPU	清水 Clear water
P1	25mg·L^-1 GA₃+3mg·L^-1 CPPU	15mg·L^-1 GA₃+3.5mg·L^-1 CPPU
P2	25mg·L^-1 GA₃+3mg·L^-1 CPPU	35mg·L^-1 GA₃+3.5mg·L^-1 CPPU
P3	25mg·L^-1 GA₃+3mg·L^-1 CPPU	55mg·L^-1 GA₃+3.5mg·L^-1 CPPU

处理 Treatment	粒质量 Berry weight (g)	纵径 Longitudinal diameter (mm)	横径 Equatorial diameter (mm)	果形指数 Berry shape index	无核率 Seedless rate (%)
CK	9.08±0.06c	26.87±1.86ab	23.34±1.54b	1.15±0.07a	0
A	8.04±0.12d	24.91±1.19c	24.26±2.00ab	1.03±0.08c	90.0
B	9.57±0.23bc	25.99±2.01bc	24.54±2.27ab	1.06±0.08c	93.3
C	10.46±0.08b	26.35±1.62ab	25.10±2.04a	1.05±0.09c	96.7
D	11.85±0.25a	27.52±2.01a	25.48±1.90a	1.08±0.06bc	100.0
X	9.63±0.49bc	26.03±2.15bc	23.29±2.32b	1.12±0.07ab	93.0
P0	10.30±0.17c	26.17±1.58c	24.67±1.25c	1.06±0.05bc	—
P1	13.40±0.06b	29.99±3.14b	26.68±1.58b	1.13±0.13ab	—
P2	15.77±0.09a	32.04±1.47a	26.91±2.01b	1.20±0.08a	—
P3	16.11±0.07a	31.25±2.35ab	29.82±2.37a	1.06±0.13c	—

处理Treatment	L	a	b	c
CK	36.87±1.12c	-5.77±0.48a	9.55±0.75d	11.16±0.84d
A	37.29±1.52bc	-6.36±0.44b	10.61±0.67c	12.38±0.71c
B	37.80±1.65abc	-6.74±0.71bc	11.63±0.78ab	13.45±0.93ab
C	38.09±1.66ab	-6.71±0.55bc	11.39±0.81ab	13.22±0.89ab
D	38.55±1.74a	-7.07±0.63c	11.67±0.79a	13.65±0.93a
X	37.30±1.24bc	-6.49±0.83b	11.07±0.83bc	12.84±1.04bc
P0	38.39±1.58b	-7.21±0.56a	11.43±1.08c	13.52±1.19c
P1	38.77±1.79b	-7.69±0.71ab	12.30±1.37b	14.51±1.51b
P2	40.57±1.25a	-8.16±0.70b	13.75±0.97a	15.99±1.15a
P3	38.73±2.39b	-7.50±0.79a	12.22±0.73bc	14.35±0.88bc

处理 Treatment	果实耐压力 Berry tension resistance (kg·cm^-2)	果柄耐拉力 Pulling force of fruit stalk (N)
CK	1.98±0.28e	3.12±1.12d
A	2.12±0.38d	3.35±1.53d
B	2.26±0.41c	3.97±0.97c
C	2.51±0.37b	4.39±1.46b
D	2.90±0.33a	4.61±1.13a
X	2.42±0.33b	4.09±0.94c
P0	2.21±0.39c	3.77±0.83c
P1	2.44±0.41b	4.30±1.10c
P2	2.48±0.53a	5.20±1.05b
P3	2.61±0.48a	5.56±1.42a

基于GA₃与CPPU的无核化与膨大处理对‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄果实品质的影响

Effects of Seedlessness and Swelling Treatments Based on GA₃ and CPPU on the Fruit Quality of 'Shine Muscat' Grapes

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处理 Treatment	可溶性固形物含量 Soluble solid content (%)	可溶性总糖含量 Total soluble sugar content (mg·g^-1)	可滴定酸含量 Titratable acid content (g·L^-1)
CK	17.48±0.08b	167.00±0.40c	4.32±0.07a
A	18.12±0.06c	172.98±0.74b	3.66±0.05b
B	18.82±0.06b	178.78±0.54a	3.46±0.09bc
C	18.58±0.04a	178.40±062a	3.37±0.02c
D	16.90±0.04a	164.22±0.61d	3.10±0.00d
X	18.02±0.11d	173.87±0.36b	3.53±0.06bc
P0	18.60±0.08a	181.81±0.66a	3.54±0.06a
P1	18.40±0.04ab	179.74±0.78a	3.04±0.04b
P2	18.13±0.08b	176.16±0.92b	3.03±0.02b
P3	17.39±0.11c	168.98±0.48c	3.08±0.02b

处理 Treatment	醇类 Alcohols	醛类 Aldehydes	酮类 Ketones	酯类 Esters	酸类 Acids	萜烯类 Terpenes	其他 Others	总计 Total
CK	10	13	8	5	0	5	6	47
A	11	13	8	2	3	4	9	50
B	10	15	8	3	3	7	8	54
C	10	15	7	3	3	7	6	51
D	11	16	9	3	3	5	8	55
X	9	9	9	3	2	4	5	41
P0	10	15	8	3	3	7	6	52
P1	9	11	6	1	3	4	7	41
P2	9	12	7	2	3	4	7	44
P3	5	11	2	0	2	5	6	31

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处理 Treatment	醇类 Alcohols	醛类 Aldehydes	酮类 Ketones	酯类 Esters	酸类 Acids	萜烯类 Terpenes	其他 Others	总计 Total
CK	10	13	8	5	0	5	6	47
A	11	13	8	2	3	4	9	50
B	10	15	8	3	3	7	8	54
C	10	15	7	3	3	7	6	51
D	11	16	9	3	3	5	8	55
X	9	9	9	3	2	4	5	41
P0	10	15	8	3	3	7	6	52
P1	9	11	6	1	3	4	7	41
P2	9	12	7	2	3	4	7	44
P3	5	11	2	0	2	5	6	31