中国农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (11): 2227-2242.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.11.014

• 园艺 • 上一篇    下一篇

苦瓜品种SSR分子标记鉴定技术体系构建与应用

苏国钊1,2(), 李嫒嫒2, 刘中华3, 陈宇华3, 张秀杰2, 马莹雪2, 杨旭红2, 邓超2(), 徐振江1()   

  1. 1 华南农业大学农学院/农业农村部植物新品种测试(广州)分中心,广州 510642
    2 农业农村部科技发展中心,北京 100176
    3 福建省农业科学院作物研究所/农业农村部植物新品种测试(福州)分中心,福州 350013
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-20 接受日期:2024-01-11 出版日期:2024-06-01 发布日期:2024-06-07
  • 通信作者:
    徐振江,E-mail:
    邓超,E-mail:
  • 联系方式: 苏国钊,E-mail:1906038023@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家物种品种资源保护项目(19200085); 农业农村部农业行业标准制定和修订(2130109)

Construction and Application of SSR Marker Identification System for Bitter Gourd Varieties

SU GuoZhao1,2(), LI AiAi2, LIU ZhongHua3, CHEN YuHua3, ZHANG XiuJie2, MA YingXue2, YANG XuHong2, DENG Chao2(), XU ZhenJiang1()   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University/Guangzhou Sub-center for New Plant Variety Tests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642
    2 Development Center of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100176
    3 Crop Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fuzhou Sub-center for New Plant Variety Tests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350013
  • Received:2023-10-20 Accepted:2024-01-11 Published:2024-06-01 Online:2024-06-07

摘要:

【目的】筛选出一套SSR核心引物,建立苦瓜品种分子鉴定体系和SSR指纹图谱库,为苦瓜品种鉴定、纯度鉴定和新品种权保护等提供技术支撑。【方法】选用表型差异大的8个苦瓜代表性品种,通过6%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对138对SSR引物进行初步筛选,将筛选出的引物5'端进行荧光标记。选取不同地理来源的95个苦瓜品种进行PCR扩增,经荧光毛细管电泳检测,计算各引物的区分率、PIC值、等位基因数等参数,复选一套区分率高、多态性良好的SSR引物组合。将复选得到的引物对另外113个苦瓜品种进行检测,筛选出SSR核心引物,构建苦瓜品种DNA指纹图谱库。【结果】使用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳初步筛选出45对特异性强、多态性高、条带清晰的SSR引物。使用荧光毛细管电泳,从小群体至大群体最终筛选出20对SSR核心引物。核心引物分4组进行多重电泳,采集了208个苦瓜品种的DNA指纹数据。20对SSR核心引物共检测到65个等位变异,102种基因型。在此基础上,选取12个参照品种,可覆盖所有等位变异类型。经构建系统发育树分析,208个苦瓜品种被分为两类,20对SSR核心引物适用于苦瓜群体遗传多样性分析。核心引物可以将208个苦瓜品种中的202个区分开,区分率达到97.11%。使用11组亲本与杂交种材料进行亲缘关系鉴定,基本符合孟德尔遗传定律,其中2组各出现1个片段丢失的位点,可为苦瓜杂交种关系鉴定的判定阈值提供参考。【结论】本研究基于20对SSR核心引物构建的苦瓜品种分子鉴定体系鉴定效果好,应用性强,可用于苦瓜品种真实性鉴定、纯度鉴定、杂交种关系鉴定、辅助DUS测试筛选近似品种和新品种权保护等。

关键词: 苦瓜, SSR核心引物, DNA指纹图谱库, 毛细管电泳

Abstract:

【Objective】In order to provide a practical support for authenticity identification, purity identification and protection of new variety rights of bitter gourd, a set of SSR core primers were screened, and then, the molecular identification system and SSR fingerprint database were established.【Method】Firstly, by using 8 representative varieties with large phenotypic differences, the preliminary 138 pairs SSR primer screening were carried out through 6% polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, and the preliminarily screened primers were synthesized into fluorescent primers. Secondly, the primer re-screening was carried out by fluorescence capillary electrophoresis against 95 bitter gourd varieties with diverse geographical sources. Then, the discrimination rate, PIC value, number of alleles, and other parameters of each re-screened primer were calculated respectively, and a set of SSR primer combinations with high discrimination rate and good polymorphism were selected. Finally, the total of 208 bitter gourd varieties were tested by the re-screened primers and a set of SSR core primers were further selected and used to construct a DNA fingerprint database of bitter gourd varieties.【Result】45 pairs of SSR primers with high specificity, high polymorphism and clear bands were screened by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 20 pairs of SSR core primers were finally screened from small populations to large populations by fluorescence capillary electrophoresis. The core primers were divided into 4 groups for multiple electrophoresis, and DNA fingerprint data of 208 bitter gourd varieties were collected. The total of 65 alleles and 102 genotypes were detected by 20 pairs of SSR core primers. 12 reference varieties were selected, which could cover all alleles. Through phylogenetic tree construction, 208 bitter gourd varieties were divided into 2 categories, indicating that 20 pairs of SSR core primers were suitable for genetic diversity analysis of bitter gourd population. 202 of 208 bitter gourd varieties could be identified by core primers, and the discrimination rate was 97.11%. 11 groups of parents and hybrid materials were used to analyze genetic relationship and then conformed to Mendel’s genetic law. There were only 1 locus of fragment loss in each 2 groups, which provided a reference for the decision threshold value of identification of bitter gourd hybrids.【Conclusion】In this study, the identification system of bitter gourd varieties constructed based on 20 pairs of SSR core primers had superior applicability and excellent identification effect, and could also be used for authenticity identification, purity identification, hybrids identification of bitter gourd varieties, similar varieties selection in DUS test and protection of new variety rights of bitter gourd.

Key words: bitter gourd, SSR marker, DNA fingerprints, capillary electrophoresis