不同苦瓜品种果肉中酚类物质含量及抗氧化能力比较

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.22.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】比较不同苦瓜品种果肉中游离态和结合态多酚含量及其抗氧化能力差异。【方法】选用14个代表性的苦瓜品种，分析其果肉中的游离态和结合态总酚含量及其单体酚类的组成，采用铁离子还原能力(FRAP，Ferric reducing/antioxidant power）、DPPH (1,1-二苯基-2-苦基苯肼自由基，1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazy）和ABTS+• (2, 2’-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸, 2, 2’-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid diammonium salt）自由基法测定其抗氧化能力差异，同时分析其多酚含量和抗氧化活性的关系。【结果】14个不同苦瓜品种的游离态酚、结合态酚和总酚含量分别介于157.58—382.92、6.46—54和175.27—413.79 mg GAE/100 g DW，变异系数分别为23.50%、61.04%和21.58%，游离态酚含量占总酚含量的91.34%，结合态酚含量仅占总含量的8.66%；14个品种的总黄酮含量介于8.97—18.22 mg CE/100 g DW，变异系数为22.80%；苦瓜中主要单体酚类物质香草醛酸、表儿茶素和芦丁含量亦存在显著的品种间差异，品种间的变幅分别为1.83—9.29、35.17—114.52和0.91—4.53 mg/100 g DW，变异系数分别为43.85%、26.97%、33.09%。FRAP抗氧化能力为272.16—713.32 mg TE/100 g DW，变异系数为27.67%；DPPH清除能力的IC50值为11.43—34.14 mg GAE/100 g DW，变异系数为35.10%；ABTS+•清除能力的IC50值为21.57—119.71 mg GAE/100 g DW，变异系数为63.75%。总酚含量与FRAP值呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）,与DPPH和ABTS+•清除能力的IC50值分别呈极显著负相关（P＜0.01）。【结论】不同苦瓜品种间酚类物质含量和抗氧化能力存在显著基因型差异，其酚类物质和抗氧化能力主要以游离态形式存在，且酚类物质是苦瓜发挥抗氧化作用的重要物质基础。

关键词: 苦瓜, 多酚, 抗氧化作用

Abstract: 【Objective】 The content of free and bound phenolics and the antioxidant activity of the bitter melon flesh of different varieties were compared. 【Method】 The content of free and bound phenolics and the free flavonoids and the composition of the phenolics of free fraction of the bitter melon flesh of fourteen different varieties were determined. Also, the FRAP, DPPH and ABTS+• antioxidant index were adopted to evaluate the antioxidant capacities of free phenolics.【Result】The free, bound and total phenolic content of 14 bitter melon cultivars ranged from 157.58 to 382.92, 6.46 to 54, and 175.27 to 413.79 mg of gallic acid equivalents/100 g dry weight (DW), respectively. The coefficients of variation (CVs) of free, bound and total phenolic content in bitter melon varieties was 23.50%, 61.04%, and 21.58 %, respectively. The percentage contribution of free phenolics to the total was 91.34%, and that of bound phenolics to the total was only 8.66%. The free flavonoid content of bitter melon samples ranged from 8.97 to 18.22 mg CE/100 g DW, The CV of free flavonoid content in bitter melon varieties was 22.80%. Vanillic acid, epicatechin and rutin were detected in bitter melon samples and ranged from 1.83 to 9.29, 35.17 to 114.52, and 0.91 to 4.53 mg/100 g DW, respectively. The CVs of vanillic acid, epicatechin and rutin content in bitter melon varieties were 43.85%, 26.97%, and 33.09%, respectively. The result of FRAP of 14 bitter varieties varied from 272.16 to 713.32 mg trolox equivalents/100 g DW and the CV was 27.67%. The IC50 values of DPPH of 14 bitter samples ranged from 11.43 to 34.14 mg GAE/100 g DW and the CV was 35.10%. The IC50 values of ABTS+• of 14 bitter samples varied from 21.57 to 119.71 mg GAE/100 g DW and the CV was 63.75%. There was a significantly positive correlation between free phenolic content and FRAP values of 14 bitter samples (P＜0.01). While there existed a significantly negative correlation between free phenilic content and the IC50 values of DPPH and ABTS+• of 14 bitter samples, respectively (P＜0.01).【Conclusion】These results indicate that there are significant differences in phenolic profilest and antioxidant activity of bitter melon among different cultivars and phenolics are the mainly active compound of antioxidant activity. Interestingly, the phenolics of bitter melon flesh are mainly present in free form.

Key words: bitter melon, phenolic, antioxidant activity

黄龙, 邓媛元, 张名位, 张雁, 魏振承, 张瑞芬, 唐小俊. 不同苦瓜品种果肉中酚类物质含量及抗氧化能力比较[J]. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(22): 4660-4668.

HUANG Long, DENG Yuan-Yuan, ZHANG Ming-Wei, ZHANG Yan, WEI Zhen-Cheng, ZHANG Rui-Fen, TANG Xiao-Jun. Phenolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Momordica charantia L. of Different Varieties[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(22): 4660-4668.

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