不同苦瓜品种皂苷含量组成及其抗氧化活性和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.17.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】比较不同品种苦瓜果肉中皂苷总含量、7种单体组成含量及抗氧化性和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性差异，为明确苦瓜中主要皂苷单体组成含量，筛选高皂苷含量及高活性的苦瓜品种提供科学参考。【方法】采用香草醛-高氯酸法测定13个苦瓜品种皂苷总含量，高效液相法测定7种皂苷单体含量、总抗氧化能力指数（ORAC），并评价其抗氧化活性，采用4-硝基酚-2-D吡喃葡萄糖苷法测定α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率，同时分析组成含量和活性之间的相关性。【结果】13个不同品种苦瓜果肉皂苷总含量呈显著性差异，含量变幅为（0.52—1.20）g/100g DW，平均值为0.79 g/100g DW，变异系数为21.65%。7种皂苷单体含量的平均值依次为：苦瓜苷A（Momorcharaside A）5.32 μg·g^-1 DW，苦瓜皂苷A（Momordicoside A）25.42 μg·g^-1 DW，Karaviloside XI 3.96 μg·g^-1 DW，苦瓜皂苷F2（Momordicoside F2）66.95 μg·g^-1DW，苦瓜皂苷K（Momordicoside K）183.70 μg·g^-1 DW，(23E)-3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucubita-5,23-dien-19-al 40.13 μg·g^-1 DW，Kuguacin N 3.87 μg·g^-1 DW。不同品种苦瓜总皂苷ORAC指数变幅为2 747.76—15 584.07 μmol Trolox·g^-1，平均值为8 879.48 μmol Trolox·g^-1，变异系数为34.91%；α-葡萄糖苷酶IC₅₀值变幅为1.55—4.96 mg·mL^-1。【结论】不同品种苦瓜果肉皂苷总含量、单体组成含量、抗氧化活性和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率有显著差异。皂苷是苦瓜抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的主要物质基础，但并非苦瓜抗氧化活性主要贡献物质。(23E)-3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucubita-5,23-dien-19-al是主要活性单体。

关键词: 苦瓜；皂苷；抗氧化；&alpha, -葡萄糖苷酶

Abstract: 【Objective】 The content and composition of saponion of 13 different M. charantia varieties as well as the antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect of α-glucosidase were studied. 【Method】 Perchloric acid-vanilin-glacial method was used to determine saponin content, while HPLC method was used to measure the contents of 7 saponin components. In addition, their antioxidant activity was evaluated by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). The 4-nitrophenyl-2-β-D-glucopyranoside method was used to measure the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and to analyze the relationship between the components and the corresponding activity. 【Result】There is a significant difference in contents of saponin in 13 different varieties of M. charantia.The content ranges of saponin were 0.52-1.20 g/100g DW, with an average value being 0.79 g/100g DW, and the coefficient of variability being 21.65%. The average contents of components were as follows: momorcharaside A 5.32 μg·g^-1DW, momordicoside A 25.42 μg·g^-1 DW, karaviloside XI 3.96 μg·g^-1DW, momordicoside F2 66.95 μg·g^-1DW, momordicoside K 183.70 μg·g^-1DW, (23E)-3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucubita-5,23-dien-19-al 40.13 μg·g^-1 DW, and kuguacin N 3.87 μg·g^-1 DW. ORAC values of the 13 M. charantia varieties varied from 2 747.76 to 15 584.07 μmol Trolox?g^-1, the average value being 8 879.48 mol Trolox·g^-1, the coefficient of variability being 34.91% and the IC₅₀ value of alpha glucosidase varied from 1.55 to 4.96 mg·mL^-1. 【Conclusion】Significant differences in the components of saponin and the antioxidant activity and the inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase of different varieties of M. charantia were detected. Saponin is the main active basis of α-glucosidase activity in M. charantia, but not the main antioxidant substance. (23E)-3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucubita-5,23-dien-19-al is the major active compound.

Key words: Momordica charantia, saponin, antioxidant, α-glucosidase

刘慧娟，张名位，张瑞芬，张雁，魏振承，马永轩，刘磊，邓媛元. 不同苦瓜品种皂苷含量组成及其抗氧化活性和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(17): 3413-3421.

LIU HuiJuan, ZHANG MingWei, ZHANG RuiFen, ZHANG Yan, WEI ZhenCheng, MA YongXuan, LIU Lei, DENG YuanYuan. Saponion Profiles and Antioxidant Activity, α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Momordica charantia of Different Varieties[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(17): 3413-3421.

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