土壤质地对菠萝蜜根际微生物碳源利用、线虫群落及果实糖分的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.02.010

中国农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (2): 349-362.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.02.010

土壤质地对菠萝蜜根际微生物碳源利用、线虫群落及果实糖分的影响

苏兰茜²(), 濮秋婕³, 白亭玉², 吴月仙¹(), 吴刚²(), 谭乐和², 胡雅莉¹

¹ 海南省食品检验检测中心（海南省实验动物中心）/国家市场监管重点实验室（热带果蔬质量与安全），海口 570314
² 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所/国家热带植物种质资源库木本粮食种质资源分库/国家农业科学万宁观测实验站/海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室/海南省张福锁院士创新平台，海南万宁 571533
³ 云南农业大学热带作物学院，云南普洱 665000

收稿日期:2023-05-21 接受日期:2023-09-17 出版日期:2024-01-16 发布日期:2024-01-19
通信作者:
吴月仙，E-mail：1434957646@qq.com。
吴刚，E-mail：wug2021@126.com。
联系方式: 苏兰茜，E-mail：sulanxi1988@163.com。
基金资助:
海南省自然科学基金(322QN400); 国家市场监管重点实验室（热带果蔬质量与安全）基础应用研究课题(KF-2023011); 中国热带农业科学院国家热带农业科学中心科技创新团队(CATASCXTD202312); 2021年云南省谭乐和专家工作站

Effects of Soil Texture on Rhizosphere Microbial Carbon Source Utilization, Nematode Community and Fruit Sugar of Jackfruit

SU LanXi²(), PU QiuJie³, BAI TingYu², WU YueXian¹(), WU Gang²(), TAN LeHe², HU YaLi¹

¹ Hainan Institute for Food Control, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou 570314
² Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/National Tropical Plants Germplasm Resource Center-Sub Centre of Germplasm Resource for Woody Grain/Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops of Hainan Province/The Innovation Platform for Academician Zhang Fusuo of Hainan Province, Wanning 571533, Hainan
³ College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Pu’er 665000, Yunnan

Received:2023-05-21 Accepted:2023-09-17 Published:2024-01-16 Online:2024-01-19

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究相同施肥模式下不同质地土壤微环境差异及其与果实关键品质（糖分）的潜在关系，为区域性的果园培肥和增产提质提供理论依据。【方法】选取施肥方案一致、土壤质地分别为壤土、砂壤土和砂土的‘马来西亚1号’标准菠萝蜜园，采集养树期、花期和果期的菠萝蜜根周土壤和成熟果实，研究土壤微生物群落代谢功能、线虫群落结构、土壤理化性质及果实糖分的变化及潜在关系。【结果】砂壤土和砂土微生物碳源利用变化趋势均为养树期>花期>果期。壤土微生物碳源代谢强度大小为果期>养树期>花期。土壤微生物主要的碳源利用类型是碳水化合物类、氨基酸类、羧酸类和多聚物类碳源。砂土各时期的土壤微生物群落结构多样性指数和各营养类群线虫丰度普遍高于其他两种土壤，且在养树期和果期较高。壤土各时期线虫生态指数和土壤pH、有机质普遍高于其他两种土壤。果实中的葡萄糖含量表现为砂壤土>壤土>砂土，其他糖组分在各质地土壤中差异不显著。采样时期对土壤线虫群落多样性有显著的直接效应，土壤质地对菠萝蜜果实糖分有显著的间接效应和总效应。【结论】有机、无机肥配施对异质土壤的微生态环境影响各异，土壤质地通过直接或间接影响养树期和果期菠萝蜜根际微生物和线虫群落结构及功能，最终影响土壤养分转化和果实品质。

关键词: 土壤质地, 菠萝蜜, 微生物代谢多样性, 线虫群落, 果实糖分

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the variations in soil microenvironments with different textures under identical fertilization pattern and their potential relationship with the key fruit quality (sugar content), so as to provide a theoretical foundation for regional orchard fertilization and enhancing yield and quality. 【Method】 Standardized jackfruit Malaysia No. 1 orchards, characterized by consistent fertilization practices and soil textures including loam, sandy loam and sand, was carefully selected for this study. Rhizosphere soil and mature fruit of jackfruit were collected during the tree growing, flower and fruit stages to investigate the variation of metabolic functions of soil microbial communities, nematode community structure, soil physicochemical properties and fruit sugars and potential relationships of them. 【Result】 The trend of carbon source utilization of soil microorganisms in sandy loam and sandy soil followed the pattern of tree growing stage > flower stage > fruit stage. The carbon source metabolic capacity of soil microorganisms in loamy soils was ranked as fruit stage > tree growing stage > flower stage. The main types of carbon sources utilized by soil microorganisms were carbohydrates, amino acids, carboxylic acids, and polymers. The diversity index of the soil microbial community and nematode abundance in each trophic group were exhibited consistently higher values in sandy soils compared with other soil types, with particularly elevated levels observed during the tree growing and fruit stages. The ecological index of nematode, soil pH and organic matter in loamy soils were generally higher than that in the other two soil types. The glucose content in fruit showed the following order: sandy loam soil> loam soil > sandy soil. The differences in other sugar components among different soil textures were not significant. The sampling stage had a significant direct effect on the diversity of soil nematode communities, and the soil texture had a significant indirect effect and total effect on the sugar content of jackfruit. 【Conclusion】 The combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers had different effects on the microecological environment of soils with different textures. The soil texture exerted a direct or indirect influence on the composition and functioning of microbial and nematode communities in rhizosphere soil of jackfruit throughout the tree growing and fruit stages, thereby ultimately impacting both the soil nutrient transformation and fruit quality.

Key words: soil texture, jackfruit, microbial metabolic diversity, nematode community, fruit sugar

苏兰茜, 濮秋婕, 白亭玉, 吴月仙, 吴刚, 谭乐和, 胡雅莉. 土壤质地对菠萝蜜根际微生物碳源利用、线虫群落及果实糖分的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(2): 349-362.

SU LanXi, PU QiuJie, BAI TingYu, WU YueXian, WU Gang, TAN LeHe, HU YaLi. Effects of Soil Texture on Rhizosphere Microbial Carbon Source Utilization, Nematode Community and Fruit Sugar of Jackfruit[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(2): 349-362.

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土壤质地 Soil texture	生育期 Growth stage	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener index (H′)	Simpson指数 Simpson index (Ds)	McIntosh指数 McIntosh Index (U)	均匀度指数 Evenness (E)
壤土 Loamy soil	养树期 Tree growing stage	2.98±0.08Bb	0.97±0.00Aa	12.22±0.41Bc	0.87±0.02Bb
	花期 Flower stage	2.91±0.01Bb	0.97±0.00ABb	12.71±0.03ABb	0.86±0.00Bb
	果期 Fruit stage	3.19±0.01Aa	0.97±0.00Bc	13.39±0.04Aa	0.94±0.00Aa
砂壤土 Sandy loam soil	养树期 Tree growing stage	3.23±0.02Aa	0.97±0.00Bb	13.28±0.23Ab	0.95±0.01Aa
	花期 Flower stage	2.87±0.01Bc	0.98±0.00Aa	11.72±0.05Bc	0.84±0.00Bc
	果期 Fruit stage	2.76±0.02Cc	0.98±0.00Aa	11.20±0.06Cb	0.81±0.00Cc
砂土 Sandy soil	养树期 Tree growing stage	3.37±0.00Aa	0.96±0.00Bc	14.43±0.03Aa	0.98±0.00Aa
	花期 Flower stage	3.18±0.02Ba	0.97±0.00Ac	13.33±0.09Ba	0.94±0.00Ba
	果期 Fruit stage	3.10±0.02Cb	0.97±0.00Ab	13.20±0.07Ba	0.90±0.01Cb

土壤质地 Soil texture	生育期 Childbearing period	自由生活线虫成熟度指数 Maturity indices (MI)	富集指数 Enrichment index (EI)	结构指数 Structure index (SI)	Shannon-Weiner多样性指数 Shannon-Weiner index (H′)	均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (J′)	通道指数 Nematode channel ratio (NCR)
壤土 Loamy soil	养树期 Tree growing stage	1.94±0.02Ab	73.22±2.30Aa	86.59±1.06Bb	2.67±0.08Aab	0.89±0.02Aab	0.88±0.04Aa
	花期 Flower stage	2.24±0.09Aa	72.23±1.12Aa	93.93±0.37Aa	2.52±0.01Aa	0.85±0.01Aa	0.93±0.01Aa
	果期 Fruit stage	1.42±0.15Ba	54.03±7.88Ba	88.31±1.65Ba	2.57±0.07Aa	0.88±0.01Aa	0.67±0.05Bb
砂壤土 Sandy loam soil	养树期 Tree growing stage	2.44±0.14Aa	47.26±4.51Ab	91.61±0.83Aa	2.80±0.03Aa	0.94±0.01Aa	0.78±0.10Aa
	花期 Flower stage	0.76±0.10Cb	53.41±6.08Aab	85.79±1.61Bb	1.70±0.06Cb	0.59±0.02Cb	0.71±0.11Aa
	果期 Fruit stage	1.49±0.10Ba	48.03±4.98Aa	88.23±1.60ABa	2.31±0.02Bb	0.79±0.01Bb	0.87±0.03Aa
砂土 Sandy soil	养树期 Tree growing stage	2.05±0.08Ab	50.57±1.41ABb	89.23±1.02Aab	2.59±0.05Ab	0.85±0.02Ab	0.81±0.03Aa
	花期 Flower stage	0.75±0.02Cb	35.49±8.46Bb	74.59±2.64Cc	1.85±0.03Cb	0.63±0.01Cb	0.78±0.02Aa
	果期 Fruit stage	1.20±0.03Ba	58.97±3.63Aa	81.15±1.39Bb	2.09±0.04Bc	0.70±0.01Bc	0.86±0.03Aa

土壤质地 Soil texture	生育期 Childbearing period	pH	有机质含量 Soil organic matter (g∙kg^-1)	碱解氮含量 Alkalyzable nitrogen (mg∙kg^-1)	有效磷含量 Available phosphorus (mg∙kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Readily available potassium (mg∙kg^-1)
壤土 Loamy soil	养树期 Tree growing stage	7.08±0.18Aa	35.67±2.50Ba	119.44±1.33Cb	8.58±2.71ABb	235.14±20.83Ab
	花期 Flower stage	4.70±0.00Cc	37.30±2.61Ba	171.27±7.06Ba	16.43±2.11Ab	115.44±12.73Ba
	果期 Fruit stage	5.70±0.15Bb	54.31±1.02Aa	218.87±12.11Aab	7.93±2.22Bb	57.36±1.32Ca
砂壤土 Sandy loam soil	养树期 Tree growing stage	5.15±0.21Bc	37.78±0.80Aa	182.96±3.27Aa	13.86±3.77Ab	456.73±36.84Aa
	花期 Flower stage	5.50±0.10ABb	29.00±0.65Cb	126.00±3.70Bb	6.09±1.18ABb	66.60±5.75Bb
	果期 Fruit stage	5.67±0.09Ab	33.23±0.64Bb	131.60±16.41Bb	5.53±0.09Bb	48.12±2.29Bab
砂土 Sandy soil	养树期 Tree growing stage	5.90±0.12Ab	9.77±0.49Cb	54.60±1.40Bc	129.40±31.15Aa	34.92±5.28ABc
	花期 Flower stage	6.03±0.24Aa	12.42±0.20Bc	124.60±12.12Bb	152.67±13.91Aa	25.68±2.64Bc
	果期 Fruit stage	6.17±0.03Aa	17.98±0.56Ac	327.52±64.26Aa	32.09±1.25Ba	46.39±4.02Ab

土壤质地对菠萝蜜根际微生物碳源利用、线虫群落及果实糖分的影响

Effects of Soil Texture on Rhizosphere Microbial Carbon Source Utilization, Nematode Community and Fruit Sugar of Jackfruit

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