基于推荐用量的我国果蔬小型害虫登记用药现状分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.11.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】通过分析我国果蔬小型害虫登记用药现状,为果蔬小型害虫所用杀虫剂的登记管理和合理减施提供数据参考。【方法】于2020年6月30日自中国农药信息网查询我国果蔬上登记的用于防治烟粉虱、白粉虱、蓟马、叶螨、蚜虫、介壳虫、斑潜蝇、黄条跳甲、木虱和锈壁虱10种主要小型害虫的杀虫剂,对登记的杀虫剂单剂及混剂的条目数量进行整体分析,并对所有单剂有效成分及其不同剂型的登记条目数进行分析,从中筛选出高用量单剂有效成分,分别从剂型和防治对象上进行用量分析,再将用量最高的6种有效成分、5种作物和5种防治对象进行组合,对已登记的组合进行用量分析。【结果】登记防治蚜虫和叶螨的杀虫剂数量远多于其他类小型害虫;有效成分用量最大值、均值和范围排序前5位的小型害虫依次为叶螨、介壳虫、蚜虫、白粉虱和锈壁虱,并从中筛选出15种高用量单剂有效成分,其中石硫合剂、呋虫胺、三唑锡、吡虫啉、敌敌畏和松脂酸钠6种杀虫剂单剂有效成分存在用量差异大和离群高值点多的问题突出;登记杀虫剂单剂有效成分用量较高的剂型有结晶（粉）、水剂、可溶粉剂、水乳剂、烟剂和颗粒剂,用量较高的作物为苹果树、柑橘树、黄瓜（保护地）、黄瓜和十字花科蔬菜;三唑锡-柑橘树-叶螨和石硫合剂-苹果树-叶螨两种组合用量差异大并离群高值点多,究其原因可能与剂型和厂家有关。【结论】为减少杀虫剂用量,减缓小型害虫抗药性发展,建议在最低有效剂量研究基础上,减少登记推荐用量异常高的农药产品,推荐有效成分用量较低的高效低风险杀虫剂品种。

关键词: 小型害虫, 杀虫剂, 最低有效剂量, 防治对象, 高效低风险, 果蔬

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to provide scientific data for the registration, administration and reduction of insecticides on small insects based on the status analysis of insecticides registered on small insects of fruits and vegetables in China.【Method】 The information of insecticides registered on China Pesticide Registration Information Website for controlling ten kinds of major small insects, tobacco whitefly, greenhouse whitefly, thrip, spider mite, aphid, coccid, leaf miner, striped flea beetle, psyllid, and rust mite, in the fields of fruits and vegetables in China were inquired on June 30, 2020. In this paper, the numbers of single insecticides and mixtures registered on small insects of fruits and vegetables were analyzed, and the active ingredient dosage of single insecticides and their registered numbers of different formulations were also analyzed. Moreover, the active ingredients with high dosages were selected and analyzed in terms of formulation and control target. Finally, six active ingredients, five crops and five control targets with the largest dosage were selected as possible combinations for further analysis.【Result】 Entries of insecticides registered for controlling aphid and spider mite were significantly more than the other small insects. The top five small insects with highest dosage, mean dosage and dosage range of single insecticides were as followed: spider mite, coccid, aphid, greenhouse whitefly, and rust mite. Fifteen active ingredients with high dosages were selected and the potential problems such as large recommended dosage differences and abnormal high value points, were found in lime sulfur, dinotefuran, azocyclotin, imidacloprid, dichlorvos, and sodium pimaric acid. A higher active ingredient dosage of single insecticides was observed in the formulation of crystallization (powder), aqueous solution, water soluble powder, emulsion, smoke generator, and granule and for the crops of apple trees, citrus trees, cucumber (protected field), cucumber and cruciferous vegetables. There were obvious problems, large recommended dosage differences and abnormal high value points in the combinations of azocyclotin-citrus trees-spider mite and lime sulfur-apple trees-spider mite, which were attributed to the differences of formulations and companies.【Conclusion】 In order to reduce the dosage of insecticides and slow down the development of small insect resistance to insecticides, it is suggested that insecticide varieties with abnormal high dosages of active ingredients should be reduced for registration and the high efficiency and low risk insecticide varieties with lower dosages of active ingredients will be recommended based on the study of the minimum effective dose of insecticides.

Key words: small insect, insecticide, minimum effective dose, control target, high efficiency and low risk, fruits and vegetables

毛连纲,郭明程,袁善奎,张兰,蒋红云,刘新刚. 基于推荐用量的我国果蔬小型害虫登记用药现状分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(11): 2161-2173.

MAO LianGang,GUO MingCheng,YUAN ShanKui,ZHANG Lan,JIANG HongYun,LIU XinGang. Analysis on the Status of Insecticides Registered on Small Insects of Fruits and Vegetables in China Based on Recommended Dosage[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(11): 2161-2173.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.11.007

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2022/V55/I11/2161

图/表 7

表1

图1

图2

我国果蔬上登记防治10种小型害虫杀虫剂单剂有效成分用量 1：d-柠檬烯d-Limonene;2：呋虫胺Dinotefuran;3：氟吡呋喃酮Flupyradifurone;4：氟啶虫胺腈Sulfoxaflor;5：螺虫乙酯Spirotetramat;6：噻虫胺Clothianidin;7：噻虫嗪Thiamethoxam;8：溴氰虫酰胺Cyantraniliprole;9：吡丙醚Pyriproxyfen;10：吡虫啉Imidacloprid;11：敌敌畏Dichlorvos;12：啶虫脒Acetamiprid;13：高效氯氰菊酯β-cypermethrin;14：藜芦碱Vertrine;15：联苯菊酯Bifenthrin;16：氯噻啉Imidaclothiz;17：异丙威Isoprocarb;18：虫螨腈Chlorfenapyr;19：多杀霉素Spinosad;20：甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐Emamectin benzoate;21：杀虫环Thiocyclam-hydrogenoxalate;22：乙基多杀菌素Spinetoram;23：阿维菌素Abamectin;24：苯丁锡Fenbutatin oxide;25：丙溴磷Profenofos;26：哒螨灵Pyridaben;27：单甲脒Semiamitraz;28：单甲脒盐酸盐Semiamitraz chloride;29：丁氟螨酯Cyflumetofen;30：丁醚脲Diafenthiuron;31：毒死蜱Chlorpyrifos;32：氟虫脲Flufenoxuron;33：氟啶胺Fluazinam;34：高效氯氟氰菊酯Lambda-cyhalothrin;35：甲氰菊酯Fenpropathrin;36：腈吡螨酯Cyenopyrafen;37：苦参碱Matrine;38：喹螨醚Fenazaquin;39：联苯肼酯Bifenazate;40：螺螨双酯Spirobudiclofen;41：螺螨酯Spirodiclofen;42：炔螨特Propargite;43：噻螨酮Hexythiazox;44：三唑锡Azocyclotin;45：双甲脒Amitraz;46：四螨嗪Clofentezine;47：香芹酚Carvacrol;48：溴螨酯Bromopropylate;49：乙螨唑Etoxazole;50：乙唑螨腈Cyetpyrafen;51：唑螨酯Fenpyroximate;52：Zeta-氯氰菊酯Zeta-cypermethrin;53：桉油精Eucalyptol;54：倍硫磷Fenthion;55：吡蚜酮Pymetrozine;56：除虫菊素Pyrethrins;57：哒嗪硫磷Pyridaphenthione;58：氟啶虫酰胺Flonicamid;59：氟氯氰菊酯Cyfluthrin;60：高效反式氯氰菊酯Theta-cypermethrin;61：环氧虫啶Cycloxaprid;62：抗蚜威Pirimicarb;63：氯菊酯Permethrin;64：氯氰菊酯Cypermethrin;65：马拉硫磷Malathion;66：氰戊菊酯Fenvalerate;67：噻虫啉Thiacloprid;68：杀虫单Monosultap;69：顺式氯氰菊酯α-cypermethrin;70：烯啶虫胺Nitenpyram;71：辛硫磷Phoxim;72：溴氰菊酯Deltamethrin;73：亚胺硫磷Phosmet;74：鱼藤酮Rotenone;75：双丙环虫酯Afidopyropen;76：稻丰散Phenthoate;77：喹硫磷Quinalphos;78：噻嗪酮Buprofezin;79：石硫合剂Lime sulfur;80：松脂酸钠Sodium pimaric acid;81：灭蝇胺Cyromazine;82：苦皮藤素Celastrus angulatus;83：高效氟氯氰菊酯β-cyfluthrin;84：除虫脲Diflubenzuron;85：虱螨脲Lufenuron *表示离散值。下同 * indicates discrete value. The same as below"

图2

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图5

图6

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靶标 Target	单剂条目数 Number of single entries	混剂条目数 Number of mixture entries	总条目数 Total number of entries
烟粉虱Tobacco whitefly	22	19	41
白粉虱Greenhouse whitefly	63	23	86
蓟马Thrip	155	28	183
叶螨Spider mite	1116	623	1739
蚜虫Aphid	1449	319	1768
介壳虫Coccid	119	41	160
斑潜蝇Leaf miner	80	50	130
黄条跳甲Striped flea beetle	100	52	152
木虱Psyllid	129	72	201
锈壁虱Rust mite	53	7	60