冷热应激对北京地区荷斯坦牛产奶性能及血液生化指标的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.19.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】分析冷热应激对北京地区荷斯坦牛产奶性能和血液生化指标的影响，评估可指示荷斯坦牛冷热应激反应的候选血液生化指标，为该地区奶牛的生产管理及耐应激个体选育提供理论依据。【方法】本试验以北京市三元绿荷金银岛牧场的健康泌乳荷斯坦牛为研究对象，连续监测了热应激期（2014年8月份）、非应激期（2014年11月份）和冷应激期（2015年1月份）牛舍THI，并分别采集了178头、120头和126头荷斯坦牛的血样，测定了14种血液生化指标，同时收集了试验个体的7项产奶性能数据，采用SAS9.2中的MIXED模型分析了荷斯坦牛在冷热应激下产奶性能和血液生化指标的变化规律，并通过Logistic过程分析了荷斯坦牛在冷热应激下显著变化的血液生化指标指示奶牛个体冷热应激反应的准确性。【结果】牛舍8月份的平均温度为31.80℃，平均THI达到了81.57，且该月THI大于78持续时间超过8 h的天数达到了21 d，表明本试验群体在8月份长期处于中度热应激状态；11月份的平均温度为12.76℃，该月平均THI为55.43，表明本试验群体在11月份处于非应激状态；1月份的平均温度为-6.70℃，平均THI为25.63，且该月有21 d的温差大于12℃，表明试验群体在1月份处于较严重的冷应激状态。与非应激期比较，热应激下荷斯坦牛AMY下降了1.34 kg，奶样中FP、PP、F/P和SP极显著降低（P＜0.01），LP显著降低（P＜0.05），SCS则极显著增加（P=0.01）；血清中GH、LD、PRL和SOD极显著升高（P＜0.01），而BUN、CRP、LDH、LPO、NE和K⁺极显著降低（P＜0.01）；ROC曲线分析显示PRL、GH和CRP的AUC值大于0.80，分别为0.91、0.85和0.83。与非应激期比较，冷应激下荷斯坦牛AMY下降了1.13 kg，奶样中FP和SP极显著下降（P＜0.01），F/P显著下降（P＜0.05），SCS则极显著增加（P＜0.01）；血清中COR、CORT和K⁺极显著升高（P＜0.01），而CRP、DA、GH、PRL和SOD极显著降低（P＜0.01），ATCH显著降低（P＜0.05）；ROC曲线分析显示仅SOD的AUC值大于0.80，其值为0.84。【结论】研究结果表明北京地区荷斯坦牛在8月份和1月份均处于较严重的应激状态，且冷热应激已极大地影响了该地区荷斯坦牛的产奶性能和生理状态，PRL和GH可作为监测荷斯坦牛早期热应激的候选指示指标，SOD可作为监测荷斯坦牛早期冷应激的候选指示指标。

关键词: 荷斯坦牛, 冷热应激, 产奶性能, 血液生化指标

Abstract: 【Objective】 The experiment was conducted to study the effects of cold and heat stress on milk production traits and blood biochemical parameters of Holstein cows, and to evaluate potential blood biochemical parameters to discriminate the temperature stress response, so as to provide theoretical basis for managing and selecting resistant individuals of Holstein cows in Beijing. 【Method】In current study, Holstein cows in Sanyuan dairy farm were selected as experimental animals, Temperature-humidity index (THI) of cowshed was continuously monitored, and their milk production data and blood samples used for the detection of blood biochemical parameters were collected in August 2014 (heat stress, N=178), November 2014 (non-stress, N=120) and January 2015 (cold stress, N=126), respectively. The changes of 7 milk production traits and 14 blood biochemical parameters induced by cold or heat stress were evaluated by MIXED models of SAS9.2 computer program, and Logistic analysis was used to analyze the accuracy of blood biochemical indicators which significantly changed under heat or cold stress in identification of temperature stress.【Result】Our results showed 1) in August 2014, the average temperature stood at 31.80℃ and the average THI reached 81.57 of Sanyuan dairy farm. It also should be noted that there were 21 days with THI greater than 78 for more than 8 hours in this month. These data indicated Chinese Holstein cows in Beijing suffered danger heat stress during August. In whole November 2014, with respect to conditions of average temperature with 12.76℃ and average THI only in 55.43, it displayed that there was no thermal stress in this month. While in January 2015, the mean of temperature was -6.70℃ and the average THI was 25.63, and a total of 21 days temperature difference were beyond 12℃. It showed that Chinese Holstein cows were under a mild cold stress in January; 2) in response to heat stress, the average milk yield of 7 days (AMY) of Chinese Holstein cows dropped by 1.34 kg, and significant decrease was found in FP, PP, F/P, SP (P＜0.01) and LP (P＜0.05), but significant increase in SCS (P=0.01) in milk. And heat stress significantly increased the concentrations of serum GH, LD, PRL and SOD in blood (P＜0.01), but decreased the concentrations of BUN, CRP, LDH, LPO, NE and K⁺ (P＜0.01). Among above 10 blood biochemical parameters changed under heat stress, the AUCs of PRL, GH and CRP based on ROC curve analysis were greater than 0.80 with the value in 0.91, 0.85 and 0.83, respectively; 3) in response to cold stress, the AMY of Chinese Holstein cows declined by 1.13 kg, and the FP and SP significantly decreased (P＜0.01) as well as F/P (P＜0.05), but the SCS significantly increased (P＜0.01) in milk. A significantly higher concentrations of serum COR, CORT and K⁺ in experimental cows appeared in cold stress than non-stress (P＜0.01), but opposite changes for DA, GH, LDH, PRL and SOD (P＜0.01), and ATCH (P＜0.05). Using ROC curve analysis, the AUC of SOD showed greater than 0.8 with value in 0.84. 【Conclusion】These results revealed that Holstein cows in Beijing were undergoing severe temperature stress in August and January, furthermore, heat and cold stress had damaging effects on milk production traits and physiological condition of Holstein cows in Beijing. The PRL and GH might be used as candidates for evaluation of heat stress and SOD for cold stress in early period of Holstein cows.

Key words: Holstein cows, cold and heat stress, milk production traits, blood biochemical parameters

胡丽蓉，康玲，王淑慧，李玮，鄢新义，罗汉鹏，董刚辉，王新宇，王雅春，徐青. 冷热应激对北京地区荷斯坦牛产奶性能及血液生化指标的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(19): 3791-3799.

HU LiRong, KANG Ling, WANG ShuHui, LI Wei, YAN XinYi, LUO HanPeng, DONG GangHui, WANG XinYu, WANG YaChun, XU Qing. Effects of Cold and Heat Stress on Milk Production Traits and Blood Biochemical Parameters of Holstein Cows in Beijing Area[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(19): 3791-3799.

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