散栏饲养和去势对荷斯坦公牛育肥性能的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.17.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究散栏饲养和去势对荷斯坦奶公牛生长性能和血液生化指标影响，为公牛的科学育肥提供依据。【方法】选用26头健康、膘情正常、体重相近的荷斯坦奶公牛，对其进行去势处理，术后20d进行试验。再随机选取不去势的奶公牛26头，将去势与不去势的奶公牛随机各分为2组，各组试验初始体重基本相同（270 kg左右）。试验共4组，每组13个重复，每个重复1头牛。I 组为公牛散栏饲养；II 组为公牛拴系饲养；III 组为阉牛散栏饲养；IV 组为阉牛拴系饲养。试验期206 d。【结果】（1）散栏饲养组日增重较拴系饲养组提高了13.59%（P＜0.01），公牛组日增重较阉牛组提高了13.59%（P＜0.01）。是否散栏饲养（FOT）和是否去势（NOC）的交互作用对平均日增重（ADG）有显著影响（P＜0.05），I组ADG较II组、III组和IV组分别提高了5.26%（P＞0.05）、5.26%（P＞0.05）和31.87%（P＜0.01）；（2）散栏饲养组日粮中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和钙（Ca）表观消化率均极显著高于拴系饲养组（P＜0.01），粗脂肪（EE）和磷（P）表观消化率均显著高于拴饲养系组（P＜0.05）。公牛组日粮Ca表观消化率极显著高于阉牛组（P＜0.01）；（3）散栏饲养组血清总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）和甲状腺原氨酸（T3）均极显著高于拴系组（P＜0.01），谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、溶菌酶（LYS）和一氧化氮（NO）均显著高于拴系组（P＜0.05），尿素氮（BUN）极显著低于拴系组（P＜0.01）。公牛组血清TP、AST、GH、T3、T和IgG均极显著高于阉牛组（P＜0.01），TG、TC和瘦素（LP）均极显著低于阉牛组（P＜0.01），BUN显著低于阉牛组（P＜0.05）。FOT×NOC交互作用对TP、TG、TC和T3影响极显著（P＜0.01），其中I 组TP、T3最高，III 组TG、TC最高。【结论】不去势散栏饲养模式可以提高奶公牛的育肥性能和免疫功能，去势散栏饲养模式可以提高奶公牛体内脂肪沉积量。因此，如果生产普通牛肉，建议270—500 kg阶段奶公牛育肥应选用不去势散栏饲养模式进行育肥；如果生产高档牛肉可选用去势散栏饲养模式进行育肥。

关键词: 奶公牛, 散栏饲养, 去势, 育肥性能, 血液生化指标

Abstract: 【Objective】This study was designed to investigate the effects of free stall barn-feeding and castration on growth and serum biochemical parameters of Holstein bulls to provide a scientific basis for fattening and management of Holstein bulls. 【Method】 Twenty-six healthy Holstein bulls were randomly selected and castrated (steers). Twenty days later, another 26 healthy Holstein bulls were randomly selected as controls (bulls). The bulls and steers were randomly divided into 2 groups with 13 heads in each group. The body weight of cows from each group were similar (about 270 kg). Four groups were conducted with this trial: group I (bulls with free stall barn-feeding, BF), group II (bulls with tie stall barn-feeding, BT), group III (steers with free stall barn-feeding, SF), group IV (steers with tie stall barn-feeding, ST). The experiment was lasted for 206 days. 【Result】The results showed as follows: (1) Compared with tie stall groups, the average daily gain (ADG) of free stall groups increased by 13.59% (P＜0.01). Compared with the steers groups, the ADG of bulls groups increased by 13.59% (P＜0.01). The interaction of free or tie-stall (FOT) × non-castration or castration (NOC) showed significant effects on the ADG (P＜0.05). Compared with group II, III and IV, the ADG of group I increased by 5.26% (P＞0.05), 5.26% (P＞0.05) and 31.87% (P＜0.01) respectively. (2) The apparent digestibility of the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P＜0.01), calcium (Ca) (P＜0.01), crude fat (EE) (P＜0.05), phosphate (P) (P＜0.05) of tie stall groups were lower than that of free stall groups. The apparent digestibility of Ca of steers groups was lower than that of bulls groups (P＜0.01). (3) In comparison with tie stall group, the free stall groups showed higher serum concentrations of total protein (TP) (P＜0.01), albumin (ALB) (P＜0.01), triglyceride (TG) (P＜0.01), total cholesterol (TC) (P＜0.01), triiodothyronine (T₃) (P＜0.01), lysozyme (LYS) (P＜0.05), NO (P＜0.05) as well as the activity of serum of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (AST) (P＜0.01) and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (ALT) (P＜0.05). While the serum concentrations of urea nitrogen (BUN) (P＜0.01) of the free stall groups were lower than that of the tie stall groups. In comparison with bulls groups, the serum concentrations of TP (P＜0.01), AST (P＜0.01), growth hormone (GH) (P＜0.01), T3 (P＜0.01), testosterone (T) (P＜0.01), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) (P＜0.01) were lower, but the serum concentrations of TG (P＜0.01), TC (P＜0.01), leptin (LP) (P＜0.01), and BUN (P＜0.05) were higher in steers groups. The serum concentrations of TP, TG, TC, T₃ significantly affected by interaction between FOT×NOC (P＜0.01). The serum concentrations of TP and T₃ in group I were the highest, while TG and TC in group III were the highest. 【Conclusion】 In conclusion, bulls with free stall barn-feeding could improve the fattening performance and immune function, and steers with free stall barn-feeding could increase the accumulation of adipose tissue. Therefore, the results suggested that for fair quality beef production, bulls with free stall barn feeding could be applied to the Holstein bulls at 270-500 kg live weight, but for top grade beef production, steers with free stall barn-feeding could be used.

Key words: Holstein bulls, free stall barn-feeding and castration, fattening performance, blood biochemical indices

杜柳柳，李秋凤，李妍，曹玉凤，于春起，李晓蒙，王晓玲. 散栏饲养和去势对荷斯坦公牛育肥性能的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(17): 3443-3452.

DU Liu-liu, LI Qiu-feng, LI Yan, CAO Yu-feng, YU Chun-qi, LI Xiao-meng, WANG Xiao-ling. Effect of Free Stall Barn-Feeding and Castration on Fattening Performance of Holstein Bulls[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(17): 3443-3452.

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