中国樱桃正反交F1代果实主要性状的遗传分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.02.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】通过观测分析中国樱桃地方种质‘南早红’（早熟，橙红）和‘红妃’（紫红，综合性状优良）杂交F₁代果实主要性状的遗传表现，探究果实主要性状遗传规律，为优异性状基因挖掘奠定工作基础，也为新品种选育和杂交亲本选择与选配提供参考依据。【方法】田间调查和测试分析‘南早红’（NZH）和‘红妃’（HF）正、反交F₁代群体（n=226）果实大小（单果质量、果实纵径、横径、侧径）、风味（可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸）、颜色（果实花色苷含量）、形状（果形指数）、果实生育期、果柄长度等17个性状的遗传变异，分析其遗传倾向并预测遗传模式。【结果】正交（‘南早红’×‘红妃’）和反交（‘红妃’×‘南早红’）F₁群体单果质量分离广泛，分别为2.59—7.46和2.45—6.48 g，但平均单果质量（4.30 g、4.05 g）均小于中亲值（4.58 g）。可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量杂种优势明显，前者正、反交群体均值分别为14.55%和14.51%，高于亲本HF（12.97%）和NZH（11.36%），超高亲率分别达78.52%和76.09%；可滴定酸在正、反交群体中的均值（0.67 g/100 mL、0.59 g/100 mL）略低于中亲值（0.63 g/100 mL），低低亲率为47.92%和41.94%。F₁果皮颜色也呈现连续变异，包括橙红、红色、紫红和黑紫等类型，以红色为主。果实花色苷含量变异较大，分布范围分别为3.12—112.51和1.80—79.94 mg·kg^-1。果实生育期在正反交F₁群体中存在差异，正交的比反交的短2 d。果柄长度表现为超亲遗传，超高亲率分别为49.25%和43.33%。遗传模型预测表明，正、反交11个果实性状最适遗传模型的主基因数目完全一致，果实纵径和果实生育期为1对主基因，其他性状均为2对主基因。【结论】中国樱桃杂交F₁代果实主要性状均为多基因控制连续分布的数量性状，其中单果质量、果实纵径、横径、侧径、可滴定酸、花色苷含量呈变小的趋势，可溶性固形物、可溶性糖和果柄长度呈增大的趋势。

关键词: 中国樱桃, 正、反交, F₁群体, 果实性状, 遗传倾向

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study was to pave the way for the construction of high-density genetic map and QTL (quantitative trait locus) analysis, so as to facilitate the parental selection and mating design in the breeding programs targeting for new varieties in Chinese cherry (Cerasus pseudocerasus (Lindl.) G.Don) by investigating and analyzing fruit traits of F₁ progenies between Nanzaohong (NZH, early maturity, orange red) and Hongfei (HF, purple red, with good comprehensive characteristics). 【Method】 The heredity variation and inheritance tendency of 17 fruit quality traits in the F₁ segregating populations (n=226) were investigated, which were derived from the reciprocal cross between NZH and HF These traits included fruit weight, longitudinal, transverse and lateral diameter, total soluble solids (TSS), soluble sugar (SS), titratable acid (TA), anthocyanin content, fruit shape index, fruit development period, and fruit stalk length, etc. 【Result】The average fruit weight in offspring of both NZH × HF (4.30 g; range: 2.59-7.46 g) and HF × NZH (4.05 g; range: 2.45-6.48 g) was smaller than the mid-parent value (4.58 g). The TSS content (14.55% and 14.51%) was higher than those of two parents (12.97% and 11.36%), and the ratio of individuals with TSS content higher than high parent（HH）was 78.52% and 76.09%. The average TA content of individuals from the reciprocal cross was lower than the low parent (LL) (47.92% and 41.94%). Peel color segregated in the F₁ progenies, with orange red, red, purple red and black purple being observed. Hybrids with red fruit color accounted for the largest proportion. The anthocyanin content is in the range of 3.12-112.51 and 1.80-79.94 mg/kg. The average fruit development period of NZH × HF progenies was two days shorter than that of HF × NZH progenies, which was mainly affected by the male parent. The fruit stalk length showed heterosis with HH values of 49.25% and 43.33%, respectively. The mixed major gene and polygene inheritance model method was evaluated for their fitness relating to these traits. Two major genes plus polygenes model was the optimal genetic model for 11 (out of 12) quantitative traits except for the fruit longitudinal diameter, which was controlled by one major gene plus polygenes. 【Conclusion】The main fruit quality characteristics were quantitative traits controlled by polygenic loci. The inheritance trend of the fruit weight, longitudinal, transverse, lateral diameter, TA, and anthocyanin content tended to be decreased, while the TSS, SS content and fruit stalk length tended to be increased.

Key words: Chinese cherry [Cerasus pseudocerasus (Lindl). G.Don], reciprocal cross, F₁ populations, fruit characters, inheritance tendency

刘针杉, 涂红霞, 周荆婷, 马艳, 柴久凤, 王旨意, 杨鹏飞, 杨小芹, Kumail Abbas, 王浩, 王燕, 王小蓉. 中国樱桃正反交F₁代果实主要性状的遗传分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(2): 345-356.

LIU ZhenShan, TU HongXia, ZHOU JingTing, MA Yan, CHAI JiuFeng, WANG ZhiYi, YANG PengFei, YANG XiaoQin, Kumail Abbas, WANG Hao, WANG Yan, WANG XiaoRong. Genetic Analysis of Fruits Characters in Reciprocal Cross Progenies of Chinese Cherry[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(2): 345-356.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.02.011

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2023/V56/I2/345

图/表 8

表1

中国樱桃‘南早红’和‘红妃’正、反交F1群体果实性状的遗传变异"

性状 Trait	组合 Cross	亲本 Parent			子代F₁ progeny
性状 Trait	组合 Cross	NZH	HF	MP	均值 Average	范围 Range	CV (%)	H_b² (%)	T_a (%)	H (%)	HH (%)	HM (%)	LL (%)	K	SK
单果质量 Fruit weight (g)	NZH×HF	3.81±0.55	5.35±0.38	4.58	4.30	2.59-7.46	21.46	73.92	93.82	-6.18	10.37	28.89	34.81	1.02	0.93
单果质量 Fruit weight (g)	HF×NZH	3.81±0.55	5.35±0.38	4.58	4.05	2.45-6.48	18.89	62.18	88.51	-11.49	4.40	28.57	40.66	0.10	0.33
果实纵径 Longitudinal diameter (mm)	NZH×HF	17.36±0.82	21.88±1.16	19.62	19.32	15.99-24.66	8.83	65.37	98.50	-1.50	8.89	37.04	13.33	0.38	0.56
果实纵径 Longitudinal diameter (mm)	HF×NZH	17.36±0.82	21.88±1.16	19.62	18.97	16.15-23.82	7.65	52.11	96.69	-3.31	4.40	27.47	10.99	1.22	0.73
果实横径 Transverse diameter (mm)	NZH×HF	18.63±0.89	21.45±0.60	20.04	19.81	15.59-23.83	7.63	74.12	98.86	-1.14	14.07	42.22	21.48	0.16	0.52
果实横径 Transverse diameter (mm)	HF×NZH	18.63±0.89	21.45±0.60	20.04	19.49	16.32-22.67	7.06	68.70	97.24	-2.76	7.69	35.16	25.27	-0.35	0.01
果实侧径 Lateral diameter (mm)	NZH×HF	17.03±1.38	18.77±0.63	17.90	17.22	14.35-21.07	7.71	35.78	96.20	-3.80	11.85	28.89	48.15	0.22	0.37
果实侧径 Lateral diameter (mm)	HF×NZH	17.03±1.38	18.77±0.63	17.90	17.04	14.12-20.44	7.60	32.52	95.20	-4.80	9.89	29.67	47.25	-0.33	0.05
可溶性固形物 Total soluble solid (%)	NZH×HF	11.36±0.82	12.97±0.90	12.17	14.55	8.10-19.70	14.40	83.11	119.61	19.61	78.52	90.37	5.93	0.17	0.11
可溶性固形物 Total soluble solid (%)	HF×NZH	11.36±0.82	12.97±0.90	12.17	14.51	9.20-23.20	15.19	84.73	119.28	19.28	76.09	88.04	4.35	2.31	0.76
可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (g·kg^-1)	NZH×HF	92.35±1.70	117.27±0.91	104.81	116.07	56.57-178.92	21.36	99.78	109.42	9.42	41.56	68.83	14.29	0.26	0.17
可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (g·kg^-1)	HF×NZH	92.35±1.70	117.27±0.91	104.81	120.10	67.97-199.76	27.81	99.88	114.59	14.59	46.34	65.85	19.51	-0.59	0.33
可滴定酸 Titratable acid (g/100 mL)	NZH×HF	0.67±0.01	0.58±0.02	0.63	0.60	0.31-1.13	32.60	89.50	95.60	-4.40	33.33	41.67	47.92	0.22	0.75
可滴定酸 Titratable acid (g/100 mL)	HF×NZH	0.67±0.01	0.58±0.02	0.63	0.59	0.25-0.96	24.01	80.11	94.31	-5.69	16.13	45.16	41.94	1.06	0.02
果实花色苷 Anthocyanin content (mg·kg^-1)	NZH×HF	6.96±0.53	42.02±0.61	24.49	23.58	3.12-112.51	84.81	99.86	96.30	-3.70	14.10	30.77	8.97	6.58	0.26
果实花色苷 Anthocyanin content (mg·kg^-1)	HF×NZH	6.96±0.53	42.02±0.61	24.49	22.20	1.80-79.94	73.84	99.79	90.64	-9.36	12.20	31.71	7.32	3.18	1.70
果形指数 Fruit shape index	NZH×HF	0.87±0.02	1.02±0.05	0.95	0.98	0.86-1.12	5.58	47.71	102.85	2.85	22.39	68.66	1.49	-0.29	0.56
果形指数 Fruit shape index	HF×NZH	0.87±0.02	1.02±0.05	0.95	0.97	0.87-1.12	4.56	21.57	102.61	2.61	14.29	71.43	0.75	0.16	0.57
果实生育期 Fruit development period (d)	NZH×HF	49.00	54.00	51.50	53.07	44-61	8.23	/	103.04	3.04	42.22	61.48	16.30	-0.93	0.14
果实生育期 Fruit development period (d)	HF×NZH	49.00	54.00	51.50	51.52	43-61	7.83	/	100.03	0.03	26.37	46.15	26.37	-0.86	0.24
果柄长度 Fruit stalk length (mm)	NZH×HF	19.43±3.04	19.94±3.33	19.69	20.03	7.24-35.30	20.60	40.30	101.74	1.74	49.25	52.99	44.78	1.61	0.36
果柄长度 Fruit stalk length (mm)	HF×NZH	19.43±3.04	19.94±3.33	19.69	19.62	9.93-30.01	20.38	36.43	99.67	-0.33	43.33	47.78	50.00	0.06	0.28

表1

图1

图2

表2

表3

表4

表5

果实主要性状候选遗传模型及其极大似然函数值和AIC值"

性状 Trait	NZH×HF			HF×NZH
性状 Trait	备选模型 Model	极大似然值 MLV	AIC值 AIC value	备选模型 Model	极大似然值 MLV	AIC值 AIC value
果质量 Fruit weight	2MG-AD	-158.9561	329.9123	2MG-AD	-97.4125	206.8250
	2MG-A	-163.5741	335.1482	2MG-EA	-102.5554	211.1109
	2MG-EA	-164.5972	335.1944	1MG-A	-103.3361	212.6722
果实纵径 Longitudinal diameter	1MG-A	-256.1247	518.2493	1MG-A	-158.1745	322.3489
	2MG-A	-255.7949	519.5899	2MG-EA	-158.3125	322.6250
	1MG-AD	-255.9692	519.9385	1MG-AD	-158.0700	324.1400
果实横径 Transverse diameter	2MG-AD	-237.5514	487.1027	2MG-EA	-154.2085	314.4170
	2MG-EA	-244.3091	494.6182	2MG-AD	-151.5555	315.1110
	1MG-A	-244.4566	494.9132	0MG	-157.5688	319.1377
果实侧径 Lateral diameter	2MG-EA	-225.2212	456.4423	2MG-EA	-148.4416	302.8831
	1MG-A	-225.3303	456.6606	1MG-A	-150.5678	307.1356
	2MG-A	-224.8276	457.6553	2MG-AD	-148.3132	308.6263
可溶性固形物 Total soluble solid	2MG-AD	-282.5172	577.0345	2MG-AD	-192.1946	396.3893
	2MG-EA	-285.9259	577.8517	2MG-A	-196.4489	400.8979
	1MG-A	-286.1594	578.3188	2MG-EA	-198.4019	402.8039
可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	2MG-AD	-359.3510	730.7020	2MG-EA	-196.4061	398.8121
	2MG-A	-362.0946	732.1892	1MG-AD	-195.5200	399.0401
	2MG-EA	-363.7563	733.5126	1MG-A	-196.6420	399.2839
可滴定酸 Titratable acid	2MG-A	19.4123	-30.8247	2MG-A	22.4635	-36.9270
	1MG-A	18.1227	-30.2453	2MG-AD	22.9213	-33.8426
	1MG-AD	18.1240	-28.2481	2MG-EA	18.2742	-30.5484
花色苷含量 Anthocyanin content	2MG-AD	-308.7738	629.5476	2MG-EA	-159.7461	325.4923
	1MG-AD	-311.2824	630.5649	2MG-AD	-157.1097	326.2195
	2MG-EA	-312.9347	631.8694	2MG-A	-159.7025	327.4050
果形指数 Fruit shape index	2MG-EA	205.0708	-404.1417	2MG-AD	160.6529	-309.3059
	2MG-A	203.9652	-399.9304	2MG-EA	158.3081	-308.6163
	1MG-A	202.7257	-399.4513	2MG-A	157.1782	-308.3565
果实生育期 Fruit development period	1MG-A	-379.6368	765.2737	1MG-A	-247.9257	501.8514
	1MG-AD	-379.6406	767.2812	1MG-AD	-246.9941	501.9882
	1MG-EAD	-380.9697	769.9394	1MG-NCD	-247.9908	503.9815
果柄长度 Fruit stalk length	2MG-A	-376.5200	761.0400	2MG-AD	-244.6610	501.3221
	2MG-EA	-377.7745	761.5490	0MG	-251.9375	507.8750
	1MG-A	-377.8436	761.6871	2MG-EA	-251.1569	508.3138

表5

表6

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性状 Trait	组合 Cross	亲本Parent		杂交F₁代性状分离比例 Separation proportion for F₁ hybrids (%)
性状 Trait	组合 Cross	NZH	HF
风味 Flavor	NZH×HF	酸甜 Sour-sweet	甜酸 Sweet-sour	酸Sour (5.97)	甜酸Sweet-sour (42.54)	酸甜Sour-sweet (21.64)	甜Sweet (29.85)
风味 Flavor	HF×NZH	酸甜 Sour-sweet	甜酸 Sweet-sour	酸Sour (3.26)	甜酸Sweet-sour (52.17)	酸甜Sour-sweet (25.00)	甜Sweet (19.57)
苦味 Bitter flavor	NZH×HF	有苦味 Bitter	无苦味 De-bitter	无苦味De-bitter (97.04)		有苦味Bitter (2.96)
苦味 Bitter flavor	HF×NZH	有苦味 Bitter	无苦味 De-bitter	无苦味De-bitter (91.30)		有苦味Bitter (8.70)

性状 Trait	组合 Cross	亲本Parent		杂交F₁代性状分离比例 Separation proportion for F₁ hybrids (%)
性状 Trait	组合 Cross	NZH	HF
果肉颜色Flesh color	NZH×HF	黄 Yellow	乳白 Cream-white	乳白 Cream-white (35.07)	黄 Yellow (56.72)	红 Red (5.22)	紫红 Purple red (2.99)
果肉颜色Flesh color	HF×NZH	黄 Yellow	乳白 Cream-white	乳白 Cream-white (27.17)	黄 Yellow (61.96)	红 Red (7.61)	紫红 Purple red (3.26)
果皮颜色 Peel color	NZH×HF	紫红 Purple red	橙红 Orange red	橙红 Orange red (27.82)	红 Red (53.38)	紫红 Purple red (12.78)	黑紫 Black purple (6.02)
果皮颜色 Peel color	HF×NZH	紫红 Purple red	橙红 Orange red	橙红 Orange red (25.27)	红 Red (61.54)	紫红 Purple red (10.99)	黑紫 Black purple (2.20)

性状 Trait	组合 Cross	亲本Parent		杂交F₁代性状分离比例 Separation proportion for F₁ hybrids (%)
性状 Trait	组合 Cross	NZH	HF
果实形状 Fruit shape	NZH×HF	肾形 Reniform	心脏形 Heart	肾形 Reniform (46.27)	扁圆形 Oblate (2.24)	近圆形 Near round (12.69)	椭圆形 Ellipse (10.45)		心脏形 Heart (28.36)
果实形状 Fruit shape	HF×NZH	肾形 Reniform	心脏形 Heart	肾形 Reniform (35.16)	扁圆形 Oblate (5.49)	近圆形 Near round (21.98)	椭圆形 Ellipse (4.40)		心脏形 Heart (33.00)
果顶形状 Fruit top shape	NZH×HF	凹 Concave	凸 Convex	凹 Concave (29.10)		平 Flat (39.55)		凸 Convex (31.34)
果顶形状 Fruit top shape	HF×NZH	凹 Concave	凸 Convex	凹 Concave (18.68)		平 Flat (39.56)		凸 Convex (41.76)

性状 Trait	NZH×HF					HF×NZH
性状 Trait	模型 Model	da	db	ha	hb	模型 Model	da	db	ha	hb
单果质量Fruit weight	2MG-AD	0.86	0.25	0.04	-0.40	2MG-AD	0.82	0.51	0.04	-0.09
果实纵径Longitudinal diameter	1MG-A	1.95	/	/	/	1MG-A	1.22	/	/	/
果实横径Transverse diameter	2MG-AD	1.76	-0.08	-0.09	0.91	2MG-EA	1.30	1.30	/	/
果实侧径Lateral diameter	2MG-EA	0.66	0.66	/	/	2MG-EA	0.62	0.62	/	/
可溶性固形物Total soluble solid	2MG-AD	1.88	0.55	-1.76	-1.38	2MG-AD	1.67	1.26	-0.30	-1.08
可溶性糖Soluble sugar	2MG-AD	22.50	19.35	8.65	7.98	2MG-EA	22.97	22.97	/	/
可滴定酸Titratable acid	2MG-A	0.00	0.22	/	/	2MG-A	0.02	0.07	/	/
花色苷含量Anthocyanin content	2MG-AD	17.05	8.45	-13.99	-0.50	2MG-EA	7.37	7.73	/	/
果形指数Fruit shape index	2MG-EA	0.05	0.05	/	/	2MG-AD	0.02	0.01/	-0.06	0.04
果实生育期Fruit development period	1MG-A	4.30	/	/	/	1MG-A	3.67	/	/	/
果柄长度Fruit stalk length	2MG-A	-0.24	2.62	/	/	2MG-AD	2.71	1.59	-3.09	-4.61

中国樱桃正反交F₁代果实主要性状的遗传分析

Genetic Analysis of Fruits Characters in Reciprocal Cross Progenies of Chinese Cherry

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