种质库种质安全保存理论研究的进展与展望

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.07.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

安全保存是作物种质资源高水平保护的核心和可持续利用的前提。低温种质库是作物种质资源最主要的保存方式。延长种质保存寿命、维持种质遗传完整性和防止种质生活力意外丧失一直是种质安全保存的研究难点和热点。文中对近百年来种质库保存种质的研究历史进行了系统整理,指出：（1）种子低含水量和低贮藏温度是延长种子保存寿命的关键因素,由此形成的双低理论是种质库保存种质的理论基础;（2）库存种子生活力下降存在衰老拐点特性,拐点出现时是维持种质遗传完整性的低限,拐点理论是种质安全保存的理论基础;（3）已保存的种质在物理空间或保存方式上再备份保存一份,形成资源复份保存机制,复份保存机制是防止意外事故而导致资源无法挽回损失的保障措施。本文重点阐述了双低理论、拐点理论和资源复份保存机制的内涵、意义及其实践指导作用,以期进一步推动种质资源安全保存理论的发展。

关键词: 种质库, 安全保存, 双低理论, 拐点理论, 复份保存机制

Abstract:

The safe conservation of germplasm resources is the core of high-level protection and a prerequisite for sustainable utilization. Low-temperature genebank is the most important way to conserve crop germplasm resources. These aims, extending the conservation longevity, maintaining the genetic integrity and preventing the accidental loss, always were the research difficulties and hotspots in the safe conservation. This review systematically sorted out the research history of germplasm resources in genebanks in the past 100 years, and pointed out: (1) Low moisture content and low storage temperature are key factors for prolonging seed longevity, forming the low temperature and moisture theory, which is the theoretical basis for safe conservation in genebanks; (2) The declining viability of seeds in genebanks has the characteristic of the critical node, which is the lower limit for maintaining genetic integrity, forming the critical node theory, which is the theoretical basis for the safe conservation of germplasm resources; (3) The conserved germplasm should be backed up by the physical space or storage method, forming the back up conservation mechanism, which is the a safeguard measure to prevent the irreversible loss of resources caused by accidents. This review focused on the connotation, significance and practical guidance of the double-low theory, the critical node theory and the duplication conservation mechanism, in order to further promoting the development of the safe conservation of germplasm resources.

Key words: genebank, safe conservation, low temperature and moisture theory, critical node theory, back up conservation mechanism

尹广鹍,辛霞,张金梅,陈晓玲,刘运霞,何娟娟,黄雪琦,卢新雄. 种质库种质安全保存理论研究的进展与展望[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(7): 1263-1270.

YIN GuangKun,XIN Xia,ZHANG JinMei,CHEN XiaoLing,LIU YunXia,HE JuanJuan,HUANG XueQi,LU XinXiong. The Progress and Prospects of the Theoretical Research on the Safe Conservation of Germplasm Resources in Genebank[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(7): 1263-1270.

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