中国农业科学

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

国家作物种质库油菜种子发芽和出苗监测研究

陈碧云1;曾长立1;2;卢新雄3;付忠4;陈晓玲3;王鸿凤3;张天瑶1;伍晓明1   

  1. 1、中国农业科学院油料作物研究所/农业部油料作物生物学重点开放实验室,武汉 430062;
    2、江汉大学生命科学学院,武汉 430056;
    3、中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京 100081;
    4、青海大学青海省农林科学院,西宁 810016
  • 收稿日期:2010-09-03 出版日期:2011-04-02 发布日期:2010-11-03
  • 通讯作者: 伍晓明,Tel:027-86812906;E-mail:wuxm@oilcrops.cn
  • 作者简介:陈碧云,Tel:027-86711561;E-mail:chenbiyun@oilcrops.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD13B10)、国家“863”计划项目(2006AA10Z1E4)、农业部农作物种质资源保护项目、国家公益性科研院所专项(1610172009001)

Monitoring of Rape Seed Germination and Seedling Emergence After Long-Term Storage in the National Crop Genebank of China

CHEN Bi-yun; ZENG Chang-li;LU Xin-xiong; FU Zhong; CHEN Xiao-ling; WANG Hong-feng; ZHANG Tian-yao; WU Xiao-ming   

  1. 1、Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062;
    2、College of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056;
    3、Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081;
    4、Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016
  • Received:2010-09-03 Online:2011-04-02 Published:2010-11-03

摘要: 【目的】了解国家作物种质库中不同贮藏时间的油菜种子发芽和出苗状况,明确影响油菜种子发芽力变化的关键因素,评估野生近缘种质的保存效果,为国家作物种质库贮存油菜种子及其它作物种子生活力监测及更新方案的制定提供参考,达到长期安全保存种质资源的目的。【方法】监测在国家作物种质库贮藏8—22年的347份具有代表性的油菜种子的发芽与出苗情况,采用SPSS 10.0软件进行相关分析、t测验及方差分析,对不同起始发芽率、不同贮藏时间以及不同种质类型种子的保存效果进行综合评价。【结果】83.6%的种子在国家作物种质库贮存8—22年后其发芽率仍保持在油菜种质栽培种入库最低标准85%以上;有29份种质(占被监测份数的8.3%)的发芽率出现了明显下降,从80%以上下降至70%以下;有142份(占被监测份数的40.9%)材料发芽率显著下降(在2.5%水平下)。总体上讲,随着起始发芽率的下降或者贮藏时间的延长,发芽率显著下降(在2.5%水平下)的份数所占监测份数的比例不断增加。油菜种子在长期库中保存15年后,发芽率出现显著下降。油菜野生近缘种发芽率显著下降种质的比例明显高于栽培种。【结论】入库起始发芽率95%为长期库种子安全贮藏的分界限,起始发芽率在95%以上的种子入国家作物种质库保存会更安全;对于在国家作物种质库中贮藏的野生近缘种或者贮藏时间在15年以上的种子,应进行生活力的密集监测并及时安排繁殖更新。

关键词: 油菜 , 种子 , 贮藏 , 发芽 , 出苗 , 国家作物种质库

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective was to study seed germination and seedling emergence of rape accessions stored in the National Crop Genebank of China (NCGC), and to realize the key factors on germinating ability variation of seeds including initial germination percentage level and storage-time, and to assess the effect of storage on rapeseed wild relatives, and to provide a scientific basis for monitoring seed viability and making renewal protocols of rapeseed and other crops stored in the NCGC. 【Method】 Seed germination and seedling emergence of 347 rapeseed accessions stored in the NCGC for 8-22 years were monitored. The effect of storage on stored seeds of different initial germination percentages, storage-time and germplasm-type were analyzed with Pearson Correlation, T-test and One-way ANOVA by the software SPSS 10.0.【Result】The results showed that after 8-22 years’ storage in the NCGC, more than 83.6% of the 347 monitored accessions of rape seeds maintained a germination percentage above 85%, the lowest initial viability standard for rape cultivated species seeds when put into a low-temperature genebank. The germination percentage of 29 accessions, accounting for 8.3% of the total, declined significantly from above 80% to below 70%. The germination percentage of 142 accessions, accounting for 40.9% of the total, declined significantly (α=2.5%).The ratio of significant declining (α=2.5%) of germination percentages increased along with the declining of initial germination percentage level or with the extending of storing-time of rapeseed as a whole. After above 15 years of storage, the seed germination percentage of rape accessions stored in the NCGC significantly declined. The ratio of significant declining of germination percentages of rapeseed wild relatives was remarkably higher than that of cultivated rapeseed species.【Conclusion】For the safe storage of germplasm resources, the initial germination percentages standard should be above 95% for most of the rapeseeds in the NCGC. The seeds of wild rape relatives or that being stored for above 15 years in the NCGC should be monitored intensively and arranged timely for breeding.

Key words: rape , seeds , storage , germination , seedling emergence , national crop genebank of China