关键词: 甜菜 , 单胚品种 , 雄性不育 , 高效育种技术 , 快速推广

Abstract: The use of multigerm sugar beet varieties was abandoned in American and European countries, the breeding of monogerm sugar beet CMS varieties is the main aim all over the world, and is in dire need in practice. In the western regions of China, the monogerm seed is employed in direct seeding, in northeast regions, monogerm seed is employed in paper container, using monogerm seed instead of multigerm seed is the trend. So the breeding of monogerm CMS lines and its hybrid and generalization is the most important work in China. The study and application were started since 1970s, the aim of breeding was paid more attention one-sidedly on the sugar content, and ignored the yield from 1985 to 1995. After this, the development of breeding materials and the study of high efficient techniques were emphasized, and brought the abundance of germplasm resource and accelerated the breeding of monogerm varieties. Over 10 monogerm varieties were bred, and scores of CMS lines and maintainer line were obtained, the resistance and sugar content of these materials were better than foreign varieties. The type of high yield sugar beet varieties is in short at present, the key technology of the problem is needed to be settled. Studies on molecular bases of CMS must be carried out from now on. Popularization of monogerm varieties could promote the strategy restructure of agricultural economic structure, push seed industry integrated with the world market, increase the benefit of agriculture and the income of farmers, and has an important significance to enhance competitive power in sugar market and agriculture sustainable development.

Key words: Sugar beet , Monogerm variety , Cytoplasmic male sterility , High efficient breeding technique , Rapid popularization