中国农业科学 ›› 2007, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 338-344 .

• 园艺 • 上一篇    下一篇

野黄瓜与栽培黄瓜种间杂种F1雌雄配子发生和发育的细胞学研究

罗向东,戴亮芳,钱春桃,陈劲枫   

  1. 作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室,南京农业大学园艺学院
  • 收稿日期:2005-12-09 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2007-02-10 发布日期:2007-02-10
  • 通讯作者: 陈劲枫

Cytological studies on male and female gametophytes development in an interspecific hybrid F1 from Cucumis hystrix Chakr.×C. sativus L.

  1. 作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室,南京农业大学园艺学院
  • Received:2005-12-09 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2007-02-10 Published:2007-02-10

摘要: 【目的】探讨野黄瓜(Cucumis hystrix Chakr., 2n = 24)与栽培黄瓜‘NC4406’(C. sativus L., 2n = 14)的种间杂种F1(2n = 19)雌雄配子发生、发育特点,为种间亲缘关系、杂种可育和败育机制提供细胞学证据。【方法】采用减数分裂制片法和石蜡切片法分别观察研究雄配子和雌配子发生、发育过程,并通过回交试验测定雌雄配子的实际育性水平。【结果】花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I中存在单价体、二价体、三价体和四价体等多种染色体构型;后期I和后期II中常出现落后染色体和染色体桥,最终导致了多分体的形成和只有部分小孢子能发育成正常可育的花粉粒(约占总数的23.3%)。杂种F1雌配子体发育过程中常出现胚囊退化或产生无极性的异常胚囊,只有40%左右的胚囊能发育成正常的8核胚囊。正反回交的平均结籽数分别为22.8和6.3粒/果,表明该杂种F1的雌雄配子均具有一定的授粉受精能力。【结论】尽管该种间杂种F1仅具有部分育性,但它的减数分裂过程证明了野黄瓜和栽培黄瓜的染色体组发生了广泛的交换和重组,表明这一种间杂种F1在转导野生有用性状中将能发挥重要作用。

关键词: 野黄瓜, 栽培黄瓜, 种间杂种, 雄配子体, 雌配子体

Abstract: Male and female gametophytes development in an interspecific hybrid F1 of Cucumis hystrix Chakr.×C. sativus L. (NC4406) were studied through meiotic analysis and paraffin section observation. And meanwhile, the fertile level and potential value of this hybrid in the breeding programs were assessed. Variable chromosome configurations were observed in the pollen mother cells (PMCs) of hybrid F1 at metaphase I, e.g. univalent, bivalents, trivalents and quadrivalents, et al. At anaphase I and Ⅱ, chromosome lagging and bridges resulted from irregular chromosome separation and asynchronization between the different genomes were frequently observed as well, which led to formation of polyads and only partial microspores could developed into fertile pollen grains (about 23.3%). Observations of paraffin sections observed lots of degenerated and abnormal embryo sacs during the female gametophytes development. And only 40% female gametophytes could develop into normal 8 – nuclear megaspore. Fertility test indicated that the male and female gametophytes were partially fertile. On average, 22.8 and 6.3 seeds per fruit could be obtained from the reciprocal backcross, respectively, indicating that this hybrid is a useful germplasm for transferring exotic gene at diploid level.

Key words: Cucumis, interspecific hybrid, male gametophytes, female gametophytes