中国农业科学 ›› 2005, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (09): 1876-1881 .

• 园艺 • 上一篇    下一篇

玉米籽粒品质性状与挤压膨化特性的关系

杜双奎,魏益民,张波,蒋长兴,张明晶   

  1. 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所
  • 收稿日期:2005-01-30 修回日期:2005-06-01 出版日期:2005-09-10 发布日期:2005-09-10
  • 通讯作者: 杜双奎

Relationship Between the Extrusion Properties and Quality Properties of Maize

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  1. 中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所
  • Received:2005-01-30 Revised:2005-06-01 Online:2005-09-10 Published:2005-09-10

摘要: 以黄淮海平原玉米主产区53份玉米品种为材料,以德国布拉本德食品仪器公司DSE-25型双螺杆挤压膨化实验室工作站为膨化设备,研究了玉米籽粒品质性状与挤压膨化特性的关系。结果表明,在相同挤压膨化工艺条件下,不同玉米品种挤压膨化物的径向膨化率、容积密度、水溶性指数、吸水性指数、硬度差异较大。与夏玉米品种相比,春玉米品种挤压膨化物具有较高的径向膨化率、吸水性指数和产量,较低的水溶性指数和机械能耗。玉米容重与挤压膨化物质量指标之间无显著相关性,而百粒重、百粒体积与径向膨化率、扭矩、五区压力以及产量呈显著或极显著负相关。淀粉含量高、蛋白质含量和脂肪含量低的玉米品种,其挤压膨化物有较大径向膨化率,较小容积密度和硬度,挤压膨化时的扭矩、五区压力以及机械能耗较大。玉米品种的糊化特性与挤压膨化特性之间有相关性。糊化参数可用来预测挤压膨化物的质量。

关键词: 玉米(Zea mays L.), 挤压膨化, 品质特性, 双螺杆挤压膨化机

Abstract: The 53 maize varieties from the Huanghe, Huaihe and Haihe Plain, China's main maize-producing zone, were studied using a Brabender Lab-station of DSE-25 Twin-Screw Extruder. Relationship between the extrusion properties and quality properties of maize varieties was studied. The results showed that there were great differences in radial expansion ratio, bulk density, water-solubility index (WSI), water-absorption index (WAI), and hardness among extrudates of the varieties. Compared with the summer maize varieties, spring maize varieties had higher radial expansion ratio, higher WAI, higher output, lower WSI and lower specific mechanical energy (SME). Except the test weight, 100-kernel weight and 100-kernel volume of the varieties were correlated significantly with radial expansion ratio, torque, the 5th zone pressure and output of extrudates. Extrudates of maize varieties with higher starch content, lower protein content and lipid content had higher radial expansion ratio, lower bulk density, lower hardness, higher torque, higher the 5th zone pressure and SME. Pasting properties of maize varieties were correlated with extrusion properties. Pasting-parameter could be used to predict extrusion properties of maize varieties.

Key words: Maize (Zea mays L.), Extrusion, Quality property, Twin-Screw Extruder