小麦茎基腐病发生对根际土壤微生物群落结构与代谢物组成的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.17.006

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (17): 3778-3794.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.17.006

小麦茎基腐病发生对根际土壤微生物群落结构与代谢物组成的影响

郭金旺¹(), 赵卫松²(), 李社增², 默韶京², 杨威², 鹿秀云², 郭庆港², 马平²

¹ 河北农业大学植物保护学院，河北保定 071001
² 河北省农林科学院植物保护研究所/国家植保微生物种质资源库（河北）/河北省农业有害生物综合防治技术创新中心/河北省作物有害生物综合防治国际科技联合研究中心，河北保定 071000

收稿日期:2026-04-14 接受日期:2026-06-16 出版日期:2026-09-03 发布日期:2026-09-03
通信作者:
赵卫松，E-mail：zhaoweisong1985@163.com
联系方式: 郭金旺，E-mail：1979690105@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1901300)

Effects of Wheat Crown Rot Occurrence on Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community Structure and Metabolite Composition

GUO JinWang¹(), ZHAO WeiSong²(), LI SheZeng², MO ShaoJing², YANG Wei², LU XiuYun², GUO QingGang², MA Ping²

¹ College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei
² Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences/National Collection of Plant-Associated Microbes (Hebei)/IPM Innovation Centre of Hebei Province/International Science and Technology Joint Research Center on IPM of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, Hebei

Received:2026-04-14 Accepted:2026-06-16 Published:2026-09-03 Online:2026-09-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】通过研究小麦健株与茎基腐病病株之间的根际土壤微生物群落结构及土壤代谢物质的差异，明确小麦根际土壤微生物群落结构、关键代谢物质与茎基腐病发生之间的关系，从微生物生态角度解释小麦茎基腐病发生的原因，并为该病害防治提供新的思路和理论依据。【方法】以小麦健株与茎基腐病病株的根际土壤作为研究对象，通过宏基因组和代谢组技术探究小麦病株与健株之间微生物群落结构的变化及差异代谢物质，结合冗余分析（RDA）明确土壤微生物群落与土壤养分的相关性，并挖掘病株与健株土壤微生物群落结构与关键差异代谢物质之间的相关关系。【结果】小麦茎基腐病发生导致植株的鲜重和株高显著降低，并且小麦根际土壤中速效磷、速效钾、硝态氮含量均有所降低，但差异不显著。高通量测序分析表明，小麦茎基腐病病株根际土壤细菌和真菌丰富度和多样性减少。属水平物种差异分析表明,在细菌方面，病株根际土壤中诺卡氏菌属（Nocardioides）、节杆菌属（Arthrobacter）、鞘氨醇微杆菌属（Sphingomicrobium）、溶杆菌属（Lysobacter）的相对丰度显著上升，分别增加73.51%、21.53%、23.48%、60.69%；而链霉菌属（Streptomyces）和慢生根瘤菌属（Bradyrhizobium）的相对丰度显著降低，分别降低23.50%和16.66%。在真菌方面，病株根际土壤中木霉菌属（Trichoderma）的相对丰度显著提高130%；而胶膜菌属（Tulasnella）和齿盾囊霉属（Dentiscutata）的相对丰度显著降低，分别降低45.79%和81.36%。微生物群落组成与土壤养分的冗余分析（RDA）表明，土壤微生物群落与土壤养分显著相关。诺卡氏菌属、节杆菌属、慢生根瘤菌属等有益菌与速效钾、有机质、硝态氮呈正相关关系；曲霉属（Aspergillus）、青霉菌属（Penicillium）等病原菌分别与有机质和铵态氮呈正相关关系。此外，健株与小麦茎基腐病病株根际土壤共检测到160种差异代谢物。土壤微生物群落与土壤代谢物联合分析表明，链霉菌属、慢生根瘤菌属与9-氧代十八碳二烯酸、月桂酸、13-羟基十八碳二烯酸3种参与植物防御免疫反应的有机酸呈显著正相关关系，而溶杆菌属、诺卡氏菌属、鞘氨醇微杆菌属、木霉属与上述物质呈显著负相关关系。【结论】病株根际土壤微生物群落多样性降低、群落结构改变可能是引起小麦茎基腐病发生的重要原因，且微生物群落结构与土壤养分存在显著相关性。此外，病株土壤代谢物变化显著，且与土壤微生物群落结构显著相关。

关键词: 小麦茎基腐病, 假禾谷镰孢, 微生物群落结构, 土壤养分, 土壤代谢物

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between rhizosphere soil microbial community structure, key metabolites, and the occurrence of wheat crown rot by examining the differences in rhizosphere soil microbial community composition and soil metabolites between healthy and diseased wheat plants, interpret the causes of wheat crown rot from a microbial ecological perspective, and to provide new insights and theoretical bases for disease management.【Method】Rhizosphere soils from healthy and crown rot-affected wheat plants were collected as research subjects. Metagenomic sequencing and metabolomic profiling were employed to investigate variations in microbial community structure and differential metabolites between diseased and healthy plants. Redundancy analysis (RDA) was performed to determine the correlations between soil microbial communities and soil nutrient properties, and the relationships between microbial community structure and key differential metabolites were further explored.【Result】The occurrence of wheat crown rot significantly reduced plant fresh weight and plant height. Although the contents of available phosphorus, available potassium, and nitrate nitrogen in the rhizosphere soil of diseased plants were lower than those of healthy plants, the differences were not statistically significant. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that the richness and diversity of both bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil of diseased plants were decreased. At the genus level, differential abundance analysis showed that, among bacteria, the relative abundances of Nocardioides, Arthrobacter, Sphingomicrobium, and Lysobacter were significantly increased in the diseased rhizosphere soil, with increases of 73.51%, 21.53%, 23.48%, and 60.69%, respectively, whereas the relative abundances of Streptomyces and Bradyrhizobium were significantly decreased by 23.50% and 16.66%, respectively. Among fungi, the relative abundance of Trichoderma was significantly increased by 130% in the diseased rhizosphere soil, while those of Tulasnella and Dentiscutata were significantly decreased by 45.79% and 81.36%, respectively. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of microbial community composition and soil nutrients indicated a significant correlation between soil microbial communities and soil nutrient variables. Beneficial genera such as Nocardioides, Arthrobacter, and Bradyrhizobium were positively correlated with available potassium, organic matter, and nitrate nitrogen, whereas pathogenic genera including Aspergillus and Penicillium were positively correlated with organic matter and ammonium nitrogen, respectively. Furthermore, a total of 160 differential metabolites were detected between the rhizosphere soils of healthy and diseased plants. Combined analysis of soil microbial communities and metabolites revealed that Streptomyces and Bradyrhizobium were significantly positively correlated with three organic acids (9-oxo-octadecadienoic acid, dodecanoic acid, and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid) which are involved in plant defense and immune responses, while Lysobacter, Nocardioides, Sphingomicrobium, and Trichoderma showed significant negative correlations with these compounds.【Conclusion】The decreased diversity and altered community structure of rhizosphere soil microorganisms in diseased plants may be a key factor contributing to the occurrence of wheat crown rot. Moreover, microbial community structure was significantly correlated with soil nutrient properties. Additionally, soil metabolite profiles were markedly altered in diseased plants and showed significant correlations with soil microbial community structure.

Key words: wheat crown rot, Fusarium pseudograminearum, microbial community structure, soil nutrient, soil metabolites

郭金旺, 赵卫松, 李社增, 默韶京, 杨威, 鹿秀云, 郭庆港, 马平. 小麦茎基腐病发生对根际土壤微生物群落结构与代谢物组成的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(17): 3778-3794.

GUO JinWang, ZHAO WeiSong, LI SheZeng, MO ShaoJing, YANG Wei, LU XiuYun, GUO QingGang, MA Ping. Effects of Wheat Crown Rot Occurrence on Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community Structure and Metabolite Composition[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(17): 3778-3794.

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处理 Treatment	发病率 Incidence rate (%)	病情指数 Disease index	单株鲜重 Fresh weight per plant (g)	单株干重 Dry weight per plant (g)	平均株高 Average plant height (cm)
健株Healthy plant	0b	0b	0.33±0.003a	0.034±0.001a	22.63±0.27a
病株Disease plant	48.44±3.93a	28.71±0.74a	0.29±0.009b	0.028±0.002a	20.89±0.46b

处理Treatment	健株Healthy plant	病株Disease plant
速效磷AP (μmol·g^-1)	3.280±0.166a	3.170±0.150a
速效钾AK (mg·kg^-1)	165.594±7.212a	158.079±7.054a
有机质OM (%)	5.207±0.081a	5.347±0.065a
铵态氮NH₄⁺-N (μg·g^-1)	12.273±1.389a	14.242±1.747a
硝态氮NO₃^--N (μg·g^-1)	21.231±1.157a	19.374±0.957a

处理 Treatment	丙二醛MDA (μg·g^-1)		脯氨酸Pro (nmol·g^-1)
处理 Treatment	根Root	茎Stem	根Root	茎Stem
健株Healthy plant	20.968±0.538a	34.404±1.119a	13.427±0.385a	31.878±0.801a
病株Disease plant	15.591±0.821b	31.900±0.988a	11.427±1.019a	20.096±0.385b

微生物群落 Microbial community	处理 Treatment	ACE指数 ACE index	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	Simpson指数 Simpson index	Shannon指数 Shannon index
细菌Bacteria	健株Healthy plant	3094.33±11.98a	3094.33±11.98a	4.69±0.01a	0.036±0.001a
细菌Bacteria	病株Disease plant	3079.33±15.24a	3079.33±15.24a	4.61±0.02a	0.033±0.001a
真菌Fungi	健株Healthy plant	54.33±0.88a	54.33±0.88a	3.59±0.03a	0.036±0.001b
真菌Fungi	病株Disease plant	50.33±4.84a	50.33±4.84a	3.34±0.09a	0.065±0.007a

分类Classification	代谢物名称Metabolite name	表达差异倍数FC	VIP值VIP value
糖类 Carbohydrate	N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖N-acetyl-D-glucosamine	1.0321	1.4902
	核心寡糖Core oligosaccharide	1.0255	1.2696
	D-木酮糖D-xylulose	1.0242	1.3875
	5-甲硫基核糖5-Methylthioribose	1.0746	2.2322
有机酸 Organic acid	月桂酸Dodecanoic acid	0.9817	1.2050
	3-羟基二十烷酸3-Hydroxyicosanoic acid	1.0177	1.1214
	9-氧代十八碳二烯酸9-Oxooctadecadienoic acid	0.9847	1.1091
	2-正丙基-4-氧代戊酸2-N-propyl-4-oxopentanoic acid	1.0196	1.1617
	13-羟基十八碳二烯酸13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid	0.9859	1.0614
	二十二碳二酸Docosanedioic acid	1.0148	1.0250
	对甲苯磺酸P-toluenesulfonic acid	1.0497	1.6872

小麦茎基腐病发生对根际土壤微生物群落结构与代谢物组成的影响

Effects of Wheat Crown Rot Occurrence on Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community Structure and Metabolite Composition

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