不同叶幕类型对‘摩尔多瓦’葡萄果穗微域环境及果实品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.21.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨直立叶幕和水平叶幕对‘摩尔多瓦’葡萄果穗微域环境及果实品质的影响，为建立合理的葡萄栽培架式提供参考。【方法】2013年对部分篱架栽培的‘摩尔多瓦’进行架式改造，培养为棚架水平叶幕，与篱架直立叶幕相比较进行研究，其他栽培管理技术一致。2015年6月1日开始，通过温湿度记录仪实时监控直立叶幕和水平叶幕葡萄果穗周围微域环境的温度和湿度，并用光合辐射检测仪实时记录水平叶幕上下及直立叶幕两侧所接受的光合有效辐射。于花后9周开始至果实成熟，每两周采摘两种叶幕类型下的果实，测定发育过程中果实的各项品质指标，分析两种叶幕类型对果穗微域环境和果实品质的影响。【结果】与直立叶幕相比，水平叶幕显著降低了6—9月的果实表面温度、35℃以上高温比例，其中7月份水平叶幕果穗周围35℃以上高温比例比直立叶幕的降低68.97%，8月份水平叶幕未出现35℃以上高温，而直立叶幕高温达41.6℃；同时，水平叶幕增大了果穗微域环境的湿度，减小了其波动，其上部10：00光合有效辐射比直立叶幕东侧低25.8%，而下午14：00比直立叶幕西侧低5.95%，仅中午12：00所受光合有效辐射高于直立叶幕，但水平叶幕下部全天接受光合有效辐射均较低。在果实品质方面，水平叶幕使果实第二次生长量和膨大速率显著增加，其成熟果实纵横径、果形指数及粒重均高于直立叶幕；且水平叶幕提高了成熟果实的糖、酸、总酚及花色苷含量，2015年果实成熟时水平叶幕下果实的还原糖、总酸、总酚及果皮花色苷含量分别比直立叶幕提高了2.40%、4.35%、5.55%及7.04%，同时，水平叶幕使果皮亮度显著提高，红蓝色度加深，即水平叶幕改善了‘摩尔多瓦’的果实色泽。【结论】与直立叶幕相比，水平叶幕改善了‘摩尔多瓦’果实周围的微环境，提高了果实品质。

Abstract: 【Objective】The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of vertical canopy and horizontal canopy on the cluster micro-environment and fruit quality of ‘Moldova’, and to provide a reference for the establishment of a reasonable type of grape cultivation.【Method】In order to compare the two canopy types, parts of vertical trellis systems (vertical canopy) were changed to pergola (horizontal canopy) under the condition of the same of other cultivation and management techniques in 2013. The temperature, relative humidity around the clusters of the two canopy types were recorded by temperature and humidity recorder. The photosynthetic active radiation above and under the horizontal canopy and both sides of the vertical canopy were also recorded by the photosynthetic active radiation monitor from June 1st. The grapes quality was measured every 2 weeks from 9 weeks after blossom to maturity stage.【Result】The results showed that compared with the vertical canopy, horizontal canopy decreased the temperature around the cluster and the ratio of temperatures above 35℃ significantly. In July, the ratio of temperatures above 35℃ around the horizontal canopy cluster was decreased by 68.97% compared with that of vertical canopy. In August, there no temperature above 35℃ occurred around the horizontal canopy cluster, however, the highest temperature around the vertical canopy cluster reached 41.6℃. At the same time, the horizontal canopy increased the humidity of the cluster microenvironment, reduced the humidity fluctuations, and the photosynthetic active radiation above it in 10:00 decreased by 25.8% and in 14:00 decreased by 5.95% compared with the eastern and western sides of the vertical canopy, respectively, only in 12:00, it showed a higher level than vertical canopy, but the photosynthetic active radiation under horizontal canopy was the lowest all the day. In terms of fruit quality, the horizontal canopy which increased the fruit secondary growth and expanding rate resulted the increase of vertical diameter, cross diameter, fruit shape index and berry weight, especially increased the contents of sugar, titratable acid, total phenols and skin anthocyanin in mature fruits by 2.40%, 4.35%, 5.55% and 7.04%, respectively, compared with that of the vertical canopy in 2015. Besides, the results showed that the horizontal canopy increased the skin lightness significantly, deepened the red and blue chroma which improved the skin color.【Conclusion】Compared with vertical canopy, horizontal canopy can improve the cluster micro-environment and fruit quality.

Key words: ‘Moldova&rsquo, grape, canopy type, micro-environment, fruit quality

中图分类号:

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刘笑宏，孙永江，孙红，翟衡. 不同叶幕类型对‘摩尔多瓦’葡萄果穗微域环境及果实品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(21): 4246-4254.

LIU Xiao-hong, SUN Yong-jiang, SUN Hong, ZHAI Heng. Effect of Canopy Types on the Cluster Micro-Environment and Fruit Quality of the ‘Moldova’ Grapes[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(21): 4246-4254.

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