关键词: 食用植物性农产品, 质量安全, 检测, 风险评估, 污染控制, 研究进展

Abstract: Contaminants threating the quality and safety of edible vegetable agri-food are mainly pesticide residues, biotoxins and heavy metal ions. In field of the detection technologies for the pollutants in agri-foods, some obvious progresses in sample pretreatment techniques, confirmed detection technologies and rapid detection technologies have been made. Sample pretreatment techniques have been developed and improved, including solid phase extraction, solid phase micro extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, matrix solid phase dispersion extraction and microwave assisted extraction technology and so on. Both technologies of immunoaffinity adsorption and QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and, Safe) have been quickly developed and widely applied. Confirmatory testing technologies, particularly chromatography-mass spectrometry, have been modified to improve the standard methods for determination of pesticide residues, biotoxin contamination in agricultural products in China, and the chromatographic mass spectrometry detection technology has been in rapid development and application, because it is sensitive, accurate, and reliable, especially suitable for being used as a laboratory arbitration detection. Rapid detection technologies have also been gradually set up from original innovation to terminal product creations. And a series of techniques and products such as various kits, immunoaffinity column, immunochromatographic strips and so on based on enzyme inhibition, immunoassay and non-destructive methods have been developed. Therefore, a multi-level technological options were provided for the determination of qualitative or quantitative analysis, as complements to advanced instrument method. In the field of risk assessment of contaminants in agri-foods, remarkable progress has been made in the construction of agricultural product quality and safety risk assessment system in the last three years. The system comprises of National Agri-food Safety Risk Assessment Agency as the leading organization, professional RAL (risk assessment laboratory) for the specific agri-foods and regional RAL for local agri-foods as the main body, experimental stations as the basis and observation spots in the main production area as the extension has been established. Four types of risk assessment have been proposed for six kinds of hazard with definite characteristics and procedure of each type. The technical system such as hazards identification technologies and data processing, has been preliminarily built for pesticide residues, biotoxins, heavy metal ions, exogenous additives and so on. Seeing from the studies on the control of contaminants in agri-foods, some rules or mechanism of contamination have been being gradually discovered and prevention and control techniques such as processing control technology, reducing and cutting technology have been proposed. The current main problems conclude: 1) the original innovation on the detection of agri-foods quality and safety needs to be strengthened further, especially the simultaneous determination technology for different pollutants and even different classes of contaminants; 2) late starting risk assessment researches and the urgent demand with lack of basic data; 3) weakness in basic research, lack of awareness of pollution mechanism, unclear of the critical control points and shortage of early warning technology. With the researches on edible agri-food quality and safety furtherer and furtherer, self-reliance innovation of hazard detection technology will continuously be strengthened, and the technical methods and series of corresponding analysis products will gradually meet the various testing demands. Through the research on the occurrence of hazard, the formation of nutritional quality and control mechanism, there will be a rapid development in early risk warning and contamination control techniques. Agricultural products quality and safety risk assessment will be an indispensable technical and basic work in agricultural products quality and safety supervision, and the related research will be a hot issue. The risk assessment system will play more and more important roles in the whole process control, management and official supervision of multiple contaminants influencing on agricultural products quality and safety from field to table.

Key words: edible vegetable agro-products, quality and safety, test techniques, risk assessment, management and control of contamination, research process