退耕植茶对川西低山丘陵区土壤有机碳库的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.08.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】土壤有机碳库能够有效地表征土壤的固碳容量，研究川西低山丘陵典型退耕植茶区土壤有机碳库的变化对认识退耕植茶地在生态恢复过程中土壤质量的演变及其效果评价具有重要意义。【方法】以雅安市名山区中峰乡不同退耕年限的茶园（2—3年、9—10年、16—17年）为研究对象，选取邻近耕地为对照，分析退耕植茶对土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳和非活性有机碳质量分数、密度的影响，并对土壤碳库管理指数进行计算，分析土壤有机碳库、碳库管理指数与退耕年限的关系。【结果】退耕植茶地土壤总有机碳质量分数呈先降低后升高的趋势，与对照相比，退耕植茶16年后，0—10 cm、10—20 cm和20—40 cm土层有机碳质量分数分别增加了5.67%、5.67%和0.78%，土壤总有机碳密度亦在该年限显著增加。退耕植茶地土壤活性有机碳质量分数显著增加，平均增幅是总有机碳的23倍，土壤活性有机碳密度在0—40 cm土层的增幅表现为退耕植茶16—17年（平均182.26%）＞9—10年（平均177.74%）＞2—3年（平均132.74%）。0—10 cm和0—20 cm土层土壤活性有机碳密度分别占0—40 cm剖面的30%和50%以上。退耕植茶地土壤非活性有机碳质量分数及密度的变化趋势与总有机碳较为一致。与对照相比，退耕植茶2—3年土壤活性有机碳有效率最高，且表现出一定的表聚现象，但差异不显著，表明活性有机碳的有效率对土层的变化不敏感。随着退耕植茶年限的延长，土壤碳库管理指数先下降后上升，但均显著高于对照，且在退耕植茶16—17年达到最大值。0—10 cm和20—40 cm土层土壤碳库管理指数较大，说明表层和深层碳库均具有一定的固碳效应，且退耕植茶对表层碳库的影响尤为明显。【结论】随着退耕植茶年限的延长，土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳和非活性有机碳的质量分数均有所增加。退耕植茶16年后，土壤0—40 cm剖面上总有机碳、活性有机碳及非活性有机碳密度均显著高于对照，0—10 cm土层有机碳累积效果最佳。土壤活性有机碳的有效率在退耕植茶后显著增加，碳库管理指数在退耕植茶16—17年0—10 cm土层上最高，表明退耕植茶工程增强了土壤的碳汇效应，土壤质量向着良性方向发展。

关键词: 退耕植茶 , 土壤活性有机碳 , 土壤有机碳库 , 碳库管理指数

Abstract: 【Objective】Soil organic carbon pool can effectively characterize the sequestration capacity of soil carbon, study on dynamics of soil carbon pool in typical area of returning farmland to tea of hilly region in the western Sichuan is of great importance to understand the changes and effect evaluation during the process of ecological restoration.【Method】The research regarded different ages of returning farmland to tea (2-3, 9-10 and 16-17 years old) located in Zhongfeng Township of Mingshan District as a study plot, and the cropland was used as contrasts. Several indexes were analyzed such as the concentration and density of soil total organic carbon (TOC), labile organic carbon (LOC), and non-labile organic carbon (NLOC) to understand the effect of returning farmland to tea, the soil carbon pool management index (CPMI) was calculated, and the relationship between soil organic carbon pool, CPMI and the de-farming years was analyzed.【Result】The mass fraction of TOC firstly decreased and then increased after returning farmland to tea. In 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers, TOC concentration increased by 5.67%, 5.67% and 0.78 % compared with the control after 16 years of returning farmland to tea, TOC density also increased significantly in this period. The mass fraction of LOC after returning farmland to tea increased significantly, and the average increase was 23 times compared with TOC’s. The LOC density in 40 cm soil layer improved from 132.26% to 182.26% in the following order: 2-3 years, 9-10 years, and 16-17 years of returning farmland to tea. The density of soil LOC in the 0-10 cm and 0-20 cm soil layers accounting for 0-40 cm soil depth were more than 30% and 50%, respectively. Mass fraction and density of NLOC were consistent with the trend of TOC after returning farmland. Compared with the control, 2-3 years of returning farmland to tea had the highest efficiency ratios of LOC, and the surface accumulation was relatively obvious but there was no significant difference which shows that the efficiency ratios of LOC were not sensitive to the change of soil depth. With the increase of de-farming year, Soil CPMI fell after the first increase, but was significantly higher than the control, and reached the maximum value in 16-17 years of returning farmland to tea. The CPMI in 0-10 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers were comparatively large, indicating that surface and deep carbon pools have a certain effect on carbon sequestration, and the impact by returning farmland to tea on the surface layer’s carbon pool was particularly evident.【Conclusion】 Soil TOC, LOC and NLOC concentrations increased with the increasing period of retuning farmland to tea. After 16 years of returning farmland to tea, the density of TOC, LOC and NLOC were significantly higher than the control in 0-40 cm soil depth, the carbon accumulation in 0-10 cm soil layer was the best. The efficiency ratios of soil LOC significantly increased by returning farmland to tea, the CPMI in 0-10 cm soil layer of 16-17 years of returning farmland to tea was the highest, indicating that the engineering of returning farmland to tea enhanced soil carbon sink and improved soil quality.

Key words: returning farmland to tea , soil labile organic carbon , soil organic carbon pool , carbon pool management index

李玮, 郑子成, 李廷轩, 王永东. 退耕植茶对川西低山丘陵区土壤有机碳库的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(8): 1642-1651.

LI Wei, ZHENG Zi-Cheng, LI Ting-Xuan, WANG Yong-Dong. Effects of Returning Farmland to Tea on Soil Organic Carbon Pool of Hilly Region in the Western Sichuan[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(8): 1642-1651.

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