保护性耕作对太行山前平原土壤热水解和酸解有机碳的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.11.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究传统耕作转为保护性耕作后土壤热水解碳（HWC）和酸解碳（AHC）的分布和积累特征。【方法】2001年在河北栾城设置翻耕+玉米秸秆不还田（CK）、翻耕+玉米秸秆粉碎还田（CT）、旋耕+玉米秸秆粉碎还田（RT）和免耕玉米秸秆直立还田（NT）4个处理。2007年小麦收获后，采集0—5 cm、5—10 cm、10—20 cm和20—30 cm土层样品，测定热水解有机碳（HWC，80℃水浴下提取24 h）和酸解有机碳（AHC，6 mol•L-1 HCl，105℃下提取4 h）的浓度，分析两种活性碳的层化比率值（SR），并基于等效质量碳库储量计算方法，比较了不同耕作处理对土壤活性碳分布和储量的影响。【结果】连续6年保护性耕作后，HWC和AHC在土壤表层积累，具有较高的层化比率值。在0—10 cm土层，保护性耕作（RT和NT）系统HWC的SR值（1.68—1.98）显著高于传统翻耕（CK和CT）处理（1.30—1.50），保护性耕作下AHC的SR值（1.62—1.83）亦高于传统翻耕（1.12—1.63）。与传统翻耕CT相比，保护性耕作系统0—30 cm剖面的HWC储量无显著变化，但免耕显著增加了AHC的储量。【结论】在太行山前平原地区，保护性耕作导致土壤剖面中HWC和AHC在表层积累，呈现高度层化特征，可能会潜在影响土壤质量和农田固碳速率。

关键词: 保护性耕作 , 热水解碳 , 酸解碳 , 层化系数 , 活性碳储量

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the profile distribution of soil carbon extracted by hot water and acid hydrolysis after shifting from conventional tillage to conservation tillage systems.【Method】 The field experiment, initiated from 2001 in Luancheng County of Hebei Province, included four tillage treatments for winter wheat: moldboard plow without corn residue (CK), moldboard plow with corn residue (CT), rotary tillage with corn residue (RT), and no-till with corn residue (NT). After winter wheat harvest in 2007, soil samples were collected at 0-30 cm depth in four increments (0-5, 5-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm). Soil labile carbon was extracted by hot water (HWC, 80℃ for 24 h) and acid hydrolysis (AHC, 6 mol•L-1 HCl at 105℃ for 4 h), and the stratification ratios (SR) of HWC and AHC were estimated. The HWC and AHC stocks on an equivalent soil mass basis were calculated. 【Result】 Soil liable carbon concentrations in surface soil layer was increased after applying conservation tillage practices for 6 years, as indicated by significantly higher SR values of HWC and AHC. In the 0-10 cm layer, the SR value of HWC was 1.68-1.98 for RT and NT, and 1.30-1.50 for CK and CT; the SR value of AHC ranged from 1.62 to 1.83 under RT and NT, and from 1.12 to 1.63 under CK and CT. In the 0-30 cm layer, no significant changes in HWC stocks among treatments were observed, whereas NT significantly increased AHC stock compared to other treatments.【Conclusion】 Results of the study demonstrated that adoption of conservation tillage systems increased the accumulation of HWC and AHC and resulted in greater stratification of liable carbon in the surface soil. The changes in soil liable carbon may potentially affect soil quality and the rate of soil carbon sequestration.

Key words: conservation tillage , hot water extractable C , acid hydrolyzable C , stratification ratio , soil labile carbon stock

杜章留, 任图生, 胡春胜. 保护性耕作对太行山前平原土壤热水解和酸解有机碳的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(11): 2249-2256.

DU Zhang-Liu, REN Tu-Sheng, HU Chun-Sheng. Influences of Conservation Tillage on Soil Carbon Extracted by Hot Water and Acid Hydrolysis in the Piedmont Region of Taihang Mountains[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(11): 2249-2256.

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