优质面条商品小麦澳白麦相关品质基因的分子标记鉴定

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.18.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】鉴定澳白麦面条相关品质基因构成，为改良中国小麦面条品质提供信息。【方法】利用38个已知面条品质相关基因的功能标记，对从澳白麦群体中分离出的36个穗系的高、低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS、LMW-GS）、1B/1R易位、Waxy蛋白亚基、多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性、黄色素含量、籽粒硬度和穗发芽（PHS）抗性等相关基因进行鉴定。【结果】共发现13个对面条品质有正向效应的基因，其中非1B/1R易位类型和HMW-GS基因Bx7频率达100%，HMW-GS基因By8、LMW-GS基因Glu-A3b和Glu-B3b分别占供试材料的88.9%、88.9%和83.3%，淀粉品质相关Wx-B1蛋白亚基缺失类型占86.1%，低PPO活性等位基因Ppo-D1a和低黄色素含量等位基因Psy-B1b类型分别占86.1%和80.6%，与软—中等籽粒硬度相关等位基因Pinb-D1a类型占97.2%，抗穗发芽Vp-1Bc型穗系占88.9%。36个穗系共包含12类不同的品质基因型，其中第2类基因型（含HMW-GS基因Bx7和By8、LMW-GS基因Glu-A3b和Glu-B3b、低PPO活性基因Ppo-D1a、低黄色素含量基因Psy-B1b、软—中等籽粒硬度基因Pinb-D1a、抗穗发芽基因Vp-1Bc，不含1B/1R易位，Wx-B1蛋白亚基缺失）频率达63.9%，含正向效应基因最多、负向效应基因最少，是决定澳白麦优良品质的主导基因型。【结论】澳白麦是一个多系混合的商品小麦，优质面条基因较全面且频率高、基因型互补是其面条品质优良的根本原因。利用澳白麦资源进行面条品质育种，其中第2类基因型可作为首选亲本材料。

关键词: 澳白麦, 面条品质, 品质基因, 分子标记

Abstract: 【Objective】A commercial noodle wheat from Australia, known as Australian Standard White in China due to its top noodle quality, was a mixture of several genotypes. Noodle quality related genes were identified for providing information of noodle quality improvement to wheat breeding in China. 【Method】A total of 36 selected lines from Australian Standard White population were analyzed with 38 functional markers including high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS), 1B/1R translocation, waxy protein subunits, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, yellow pigment content, grain hardness and resistance to pre-harvest sprouting (PHS). 【Results】In the 36 lines, there were 13 genes with positive effects on noodle quality, among which non-1B/1R translocation type and HMW-GS gene Bx7 covered 100%, whereas HMW-GS gene By8, LMW-GS genes Glu-A3b and Glu-B3b, Wx-B1 null type, low PPO activity allele Ppo-D1a, low yellow pigment allele Psy-B1b, soft to medium grain hardness allele Pinb-D1a and PHS resistant gene Vp-1Bc had frequencies over 80%. Out of the 36 lines, 12 genotypes were found, among which genotype 2 predominated in the highest frequency up to 63.9%, which covered the most of refered positive genes such as HMW-GS genes Bx7 and By8, LMW-GS genes Glu-A3b and Glu-B3b, low PPO activity gene Ppo-D1a, low yellow pigment content gene Psy-B1b, soft to medium hardness gene Pinb-D1a, PHS resistant gene Vp-1Bc, non-1B/1R translocation and Wx-B1 null type, and had the least of refered negative genes such as high PPO activity gene Ppo-A1a and high yellow pigment content gene Psy-A1a. 【Conclusion】Australian Standard White was a commercial wheat composed of several cultivars. Pyramiding most of positive noodle quality genes in cultivars and mixing the cultivars in the end-use quality needed proportion resulted in its high noodle quality. For a noodle wheat breeding plan, genotype 2 might be the most promising candidate of noodle quality donors in Australian Standard White.

Key words: Australian Standard White, noodle quality, quality gene, molecular marker

李式昭, 伍玲, 郑建敏, 朱华忠. 优质面条商品小麦澳白麦相关品质基因的分子标记鉴定[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(18): 3677-3687.

LI Shi-Zhao, WU Ling, ZHENG Jian-Min, ZHU Hua-Zhong. Molecular Marker Identification of Noodle Quality Related Genes in a Commercial Noodle Wheat from Australia[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(18): 3677-3687.

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