新疆超高产棉花叶、铃空间分布及与群体光合生产的关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.13.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究超高产棉花冠层叶面积分布、叶倾角、主茎节间长度等指标的变化，探讨叶片空间配置对冠层结构的影响及与群体光合生产的关系，揭示超高产形成的机理。【方法】定向培育棉花超高产田，系统测定高产棉花不同生育时期叶面积指数、叶倾角、主茎节间长度等指标的空间分布，分析冠层结构变化对群体光合速率的影响及与棉铃空间分布的关系。【结果】单产皮棉4 000 kg•hm-2超高产棉花吐絮前株高72.3—87.7 cm，主茎平均节间长度为7.15—7.20 cm，中上部节间较长；盛花期至盛铃后期叶面积指数在冠层上、中、下3层的分布比例为1﹕1﹕1，上部叶片的叶倾角为48.8—53.8、中部41.0—49.3、下部30.1—40.1，叶片群体光合速率上、中、下层的分布比例为1.5﹕1.5﹕1；至吐絮期，冠层上部的叶面积指数维持在0.95—1.76，叶片群体光合速率为8.1—13.2 μmol•m-2•s-1，占叶片总群体光合速率的45.9%—59.8%；植株上、中、下部结铃数的比例为1.8﹕1.2﹕1，冠层上层铃数较多，铃库所占比例大。【结论】超高产棉花形成的生理基础在于，盛花期至盛铃后期主茎中上部节间长，叶层间隙及叶倾角大，中下部叶面积指数分布比例高，叶片群体光合速率高且在冠层垂直方向呈均匀分布；吐絮期上层叶面积指数和叶片群体光合速率下降缓慢，棉铃空间分布与叶片群体光合速率的空间分布相吻合，叶铃关系协调。

关键词: 超高产棉花, 冠层结构, 叶片配置, 群体光合, 棉铃空间分布

Abstract: 【Objective】To explore the changes of leaf area distribution, internodes length and leaf inclination angle, the influence of leaf spatial distribution on canopy structure and its correlation with canopy photosynthesis was discussed, and the formation mechanism of super-high-yielding cotton was studied as well.【Method】The methods of definite cultivating super-high-yielding cotton (lint above 4 000 kg•hm-2) were adopted in this paper. The spatial distribution of leaf area index, internode length, and leaf inclination angle were measured at different growth stages and the effects of canopy structural changes on canopy apparent photosynthesis in relation to bolls spatial distribution were analyzed.【Result】The properties of super-high-yielding cotton (lint above 4 000 kg•hm-2) canopy were that the plant height was 72.3-87.7 cm before boll opening stage and the average internodes length was 7.15-7.20 cm. Moreover, the internode length in the upper and middle layers of plant was longer. The leaf inclination angle in upper, middle and lower layers of plant was 48.8-53.8, 41.0-49.3 and 30.1-40.1, respectively. The proportion of leaf area index between upper, middle and lower layer of plant was about 1:1:1 from flowering stage to later full bolling stage. At boll opening stage, the leaf area index and canopy photosynthetic rate in upper layer of plant remained 0.95-1.76 and 8.1-13.2 μmol•m-2•s-1, respectively. The proportion of canopy photosynthetic rate in upper layer to whole layers was 45.9%-59.8%. The proportion of the boll number between upper, middle and lower layers of plant was 1.8﹕1.2﹕1, and there were more boll numbers and higher sink potentials in the upper layer of plant.【Conclusion】The physiological basis of super high-yielding cotton formation was that longer internode length and larger leaf inclination angle in upper and middle layers and higher proportion leaf area index in middle and lower layers, the leaf canopy photosynthetic rate was higher and equidistribution in vertical direction from flowering to later full bolling stage. In addition, the leaf area index and canopy photosynthetic rate declined slowly at the boll opening stage. Taken together, the spatial distribution anastomosis of leaf canopy photosynthetic rate and boll, and consequently, the coordinate development of leaf area-boll were proposed.

Key words: super high-yielding cotton, canopy structure, leaf spatial distribution, canopy apparent photosynthesis, bolls spatial distribution

冯国艺, 罗宏海, 姚炎帝, 杨美森, 杜明伟, 张亚黎, 张旺锋. 新疆超高产棉花叶、铃空间分布及与群体光合生产的关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(13): 2607-2617.

FENG Guo-Yi, LUO Hong-Hai, YAO Yan-Di, YANG Mei-Sen, DU Ming-Wei, ZHANG Ya-Li, ZHANG Wang-Feng. Spatial Distribution of Leaf and Boll in Relation to Canopy Photosynthesis of Super High-Yielding Cotton in Xinjiang[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(13): 2607-2617.

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