人工合成小麦衍生品种的物质积累、冠层结构及群体光合特性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.05.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】人工合成六倍体小麦（synthetic hexaploid wheat，SHW）具有较强的抗逆能力和高产潜力，研究SHW衍生品种的物质积累与分配、冠层结构与光合特性，为区域小麦遗传改良和产量提升奠定基础。【方法】2011—2013年在四川广汉市选择3个SHW衍生品种和5个非SHW衍生品种（普通小麦品种），测定主要生育阶段的物质积累与分配、开花灌浆阶段的冠层结构与光合参数。【结果】联合方差分析表明，产量和主要农艺性状均存在显著的年际、品种及其互作效应，且年际效应大于品种与互作效应。SHW衍生品种3年平均产量9 163 kg•hm-2、19 133粒/m2、千粒重47.5 g，分别比普通小麦品种高12.31%、5.31%和7.95%；其干物质积累速率，尤其是生育前期的干物质积累速率明显高于普通小麦品种，如播种—分蘖、分蘖—拔节的干物质积累速率分别比普通小麦品种高18.66%和20.46%，相应地主要生育阶段的干物质积累量、干物质转移量和转移贡献率也高于普通小麦品种。成熟期SHW衍生品种的叶片、穗轴（颖壳）、茎鞘干物质占成穗茎总干重的比例分别比普通小麦品种低15.46%、7.14%和2.65%。SHW衍生品种植株中等偏高，但上部叶片短而宽，株型相对紧凑；开花期参试品种之间冠层分析仪参数没有显著差异，但SHW衍生品种在灌浆中期的太阳直接辐射透过系数较低，而消光系数较高。SHW衍生品种的群体光合速率较高，而旗叶光合速率优势不明显。籽粒产量与粒数/m2、花后叶片SAPD、灌浆中期群体光合速率、消光系数等性状呈极显著正相关。【结论】参试的SHW衍生品种株型相对紧凑、前期物质积累较快，成熟后非籽粒器官干物质分配比例较低，花后冠层叶片持绿期较长、群体光合效率较高，粒数与粒重协调、增产明显。

关键词: 人工合成小麦衍生品种 , 物质生产与积累 , 冠层结构 , 光合特性

Abstract: 【Objective】Synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) has increasingly reported having outstanding tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses and a great potential in improving wheat yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield performance, accumulation and portioning of dry matter, leaf and canopy photosynthesis of SHW-derived varieties released nationally. 【Method】Three SHW-derived varieties (SDVs) were compared with 5 local elite non-synthetic derived varieties (NSVs) in field experiments conducted during the 2010 to 2011, 2011 to 2012, and 2012 to 2013 crop seasons at Guanghan county of Sichuan province, China. 【Result】Combined analysis of variance showed that a significant difference in grain yield and dry matter-related traits was detected among genotypes and experimental years, and year effect was higher than both genotype effect and genotype by year interaction. Average grain yield，grain number/m2, and thousand kernel weight of SDVs over three years were 9 163 kg•hm-2, 19133, and 47.5 g, respectively, which were 12.31%, 5.31%, and 7.95% higher than NSVs. SDVs had higher rate of dry matter accumulation, especially at earlier growth stages as showed that the rates of dry matter accumulation during the periods from sowing to tillering and from tillering to jointing were 18.66% and 20.46% higher than NSVs, and consequently higher amount of accumulated dry matter at major growth stages, higher translocated dry matter and contribution to grain than NSVs. With no significant difference in dry matter distribution amongst organs of spike-bearing shoot between SDVs and NSVs at flowering stage, while the proportion of dry matter to leaf, rhachis & glume, and stem & sheath of SDVs was lower than that of NSVs by 15.46%, 7.14%, and 2.65%, respectively. SDVs showed a relative compact type with medium to high plight, shorter but wider upper leaves compared to NSVs, and no significant difference in canopy analyzer parameters between varieties tested at anthesis but SDVs had significantly lower transmission coefficient for radiation penetration and higher Extinction coefficient than that of NSVs at mid-grain filling stage. SDVs displayed prominent canopy photosynthesis at anthesis and 20 d after anthesis and higher SPAD values of flag- and penultimate leaf during whole grain filling period. Grain yield showed a significant positive correlation with grain number per m2, SPAD values of flag- and penultimate leaf after flowering, and canopy photosynthesis at mid-grain filling stage. 【Conclusion】 Compared to NSVs, SDVs had higher grain number per m2 and kernel weight, higher crop growth rates at early stages and amount of accumulated dry matter with more partitioning to grain, relatively compact plant type with longer green-stayed period and higher capacity of canopy photosynthesis.

Key words: synthetic hexaploid wheat-derived variety , production and accumulation of dry matter , canopy , photosynthesis

汤永禄, 李朝苏, 吴晓丽, 吴春, 杨武云, 黄钢, 马孝玲. 人工合成小麦衍生品种的物质积累、冠层结构及群体光合特性[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(5): 844-855.

TANG Yong-Lu, LI Chao-Su, WU Xiao-Li, WU Chun, YANG Wu-Yun, HUANG Gang, MA Xiao-Ling. Accumulation of Dry Matter, Canopy Structure and Photosynthesis of Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat-Derived High-Yielding Varieties Grown in Sichuan Basin, China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(5): 844-855.

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