中国农业科学 ›› 2012, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 292-301.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.02.011

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

亚高山草甸冬夏季牧场土壤动物群落多样性

 肖红艳, 刘红, 李波, 袁兴中, 孙书存, 陈忠礼   

  1. 1.重庆大学资源及环境科学学院/煤矿灾害动力学与控制国家重点实验室,重庆 400044
    2.中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都 610041
  • 收稿日期:2011-03-23 出版日期:2012-01-15 发布日期:2011-07-29
  • 通讯作者: 通信作者刘 红,Tel:13012352511;E-mail:hliu631102@yahoo.com.cn
  • 作者简介:肖红艳,Tel:13752910643;E-mail:hongyanxx@yahoo.com.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(30670333)

Soil Fauna Diversity in the Rotational Grazing Pasture in Subalpine Meadow

 XIAO  Hong-Yan, LIU  Hong, LI  Bo, YUAN  Xing-Zhong, SUN  Shu-Cun, CHEN  Zhong-Li   

  1. 1.重庆大学资源及环境科学学院/煤矿灾害动力学与控制国家重点实验室,重庆 400044
    2.中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都 610041
  • Received:2011-03-23 Online:2012-01-15 Published:2011-07-29

摘要: 【目的】了解轮牧制度下亚高山草甸土壤动物群落结构及动态变化。【方法】2008年5—10月采用手捡法、干漏斗(Tullgren)和湿漏斗(Baermann)法对青藏高原东部川西北红原县亚高山草甸冬季牧场(WP)和夏季牧场(SP)春夏秋季土壤动物群落结构进行调查。【结果】共获得土壤动物46 746个,分别隶属6门9纲16目61类群;其中WP中22 092个,隶属6门9纲15目42类群;SP中24 654个,隶属6门8纲15目46类群。2种生境中均以线虫为优势类群。轮牧制度下的亚高山土壤动物群落,其个体数量变化趋势是:春季SP>WP,夏季和秋季WP>SP;类群数变化趋势是:春季和秋季SP>WP,夏季WP>SP。2种生境中土壤动物密度和类群数在土壤中的垂直分布随季节变化,从春季到秋季SP中土壤动物密度和类群数均随土深增加而降低,WP中土壤动物类群数表聚性明显;WP中密度随季节更替表聚性越来越弱,到秋季反而随土深增加而增大。春季WP中所有多样性指数均高于SP,但差异不显著;夏季WP中Margalef指数高于SP,Simpson指数显著高于SP,但Pielou指数和Shannon-Wiener指数均显著低于SP;而到秋季WP中只有Simpson指数高于SP,且2种生境中Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数存在显著差异。【结论】与其它区域相比,亚高山冬夏季牧场土壤动物群落组成较简单,但土壤动物密度更高。轮牧对亚高山草甸土壤动物群落的季节动态有明显影响,但冬夏季牧场土壤动物群落组成相似。

关键词: 亚高山草甸, 轮牧, 土壤动物, 群落多样性

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study is to understand the community characteristics of soil faunal in rotational grazing pasture in subalpine meadow of Tibetan Plateau.【Method】An investigation was made on the soil faunal communities under different grazing time (winter pasture, WP and summer pasture, SP) from May to October 2008 in subalpine meadow of north-west in Sichuan. The methods of Baermann, Tullgren and hand-picking were used to separate soil animals from soil samples (0-15 cm).【Result】A total of 46 746 individuals were collected, belonging to 6 phyla, 9 classes, 16 orders and 61 groups, in which 22 092 individuals belonging to 6 phyla, 9 classes, 15 orders and 42 groups were colleted from WP, while 24 654 individuals were colleted from SP which belonged to 6 phyla, 9 classes, 15 orders and 46 groups. And Nematoda was dominated group both in SP and WP. The soil animal communities under different grazing time had different number changing tendencies and varied with the seasons, both in individual numbers and communities. The numbers of individuals of the soil fauna were SP>WP in spring, WP>SP in summer and autumn and the group number were SP>WP in spring and autumn, WP>SP in summer. The individual densities and group numbers in different depths had their variation in seasons. Both the densities and group numbers in SP were diminishing with depth in three observation seasons. The group numbers of soil fauna decreased obviously with increasing soil depth in all three seasons while from spring to autumn, the individual densities changed from diminishing with depth to increasing with depth. In spring all of diversity indices of WP were higher than those of SP and showed no significant difference. In summer the Margalef index and Simpson index of WP were higher than those of SP, while Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index of WP were lower than those of SP and Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index showed significant difference between WP and SP. In autumn, the Simpson index of WP was significantly higher than that of SP while other diversity indexes were lower than those of SP, and Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index in WP were significantly lower than those of SP. 【Conclusion】Compared with other regions, the soil animal community composition in the subalpine meadow of the eastern Tibetan Plateau was simpler, while the density was higher. Rotational grazing had a significant influence on seasonal dynamics of soil fauna, while the composition of soil animals in two habitats was similar.

Key words: subalpine meadow, rotational grazing, soil fauna, community diversity