中国农业科学 ›› 2009, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 1783-1788 .doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2009.05.035

• 畜牧·资源昆虫 • 上一篇    下一篇

甘肃兴隆山圈养雌性马麝(Moschus sifanicus)发情次数、间情期及影响因素

  

  1. 中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院
  • 收稿日期:2008-08-18 修回日期:2008-10-27 出版日期:2009-05-10 发布日期:2009-05-10

The Estrus Cycle, Diestrus and the Related Influencing Factors in Female Alpine Musk Deer (Moschus sifanicus) in Captivity

  1. 中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院
  • Received:2008-08-18 Revised:2008-10-27 Online:2009-05-10 Published:2009-05-10

摘要:

【目的】分析圈养雌性马麝(Moschus sifanicus)的发情交配时间格局,探查性经历、年龄、来源及繁殖成效等因素对发情交配的周期数、间情期的影响,为麝类成功驯养及异地保护提供参考。【方法】采用随机取样法和所有事件记录的行为取样方法,观察马麝的交配行为,准确记录发情交配的启动和结束时刻。【结果】兴隆山麝场圈养雌麝的间情期为(12.23±0.52)d(n=22),平均动情次数为(1.88±0.13)次(n=22)。各年龄及年龄组雌麝的间情期无显著差异(P>0.05),但年龄极显著影响动情次数(P<0.01);首次参配雌麝的动情次数[(3.00±0.32)次,n=9]显著高于具多次交配经历的雌麝[(1.55±0.11)次,n=13]。雌麝的间情期和动情次数与雌麝的来源无关,野外捕获雌麝的间情期[(12.01±0.66)d,n=16]和动情次数[(1.95±0.15)次,n=16]与驯产雌麝[(12.83±0.75)d,n=6;(1.67±0.23)次,n=6]无显著差异。雌麝动情次数和间情期与上年的繁殖成效无直接关系,而与翌年繁殖成效有关,翌年繁殖成功的雌麝的动情次数[(1.71±0.16)次,n=7]和间情期[(10.13±2.24)d,n=3]显著地低于翌年空怀雌麝[动情次数:(2.20±0.18)次,n=7;间情期:(13.00±2.00)d,n=7]低。【结论】圈养雌性马麝的发情交配时间格局受圈群内个体间社会行为及环境因子的影响,雌麝年龄及性经历因素影响雌麝的发情,雌麝的间情期及动情次数与雌麝的来源无关;雌麝动情次数和间情期与上年繁殖成效无直接关系,而翌年繁殖成功雌麝的动情次数和间情期显著低于翌年空怀雌麝。

关键词: 马麝(Moschus sifanicus), 圈养, 发情次数, 间情期, 影响因素

Abstract:

【Objective】 For exploring and determining the number of estrus, duration of diestrus and the potential influencing factors in captive Alpine musk deer (Moschus sifanicus). 【Method】 From Oct. 2000 to Jan. 2001, the random sampling and all-occurrence recording methods were used to record the number of estrus and duration of diestrus in 22 captive female Alpine musk deers at Xinglongshan musk deer farm in Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve of Gansu Province. The sampling population was divided into classes by such variables as sexual experience, age, age class, origin, the reproduction cost in previous year and next year, and the potential impacts of the above variables on the estrus and duration of diestrus were explored. 【Result】 The results showed that captive female musk deers entered into estrus seasonally with (1.88±0.13) cycles, and the average duration of diestrus is (12.23±0.52) d (n=22). The duration of diestrus of females at different ages and age-classes was not significantly different (P>0.05), however, the factor of age influenced the estrus significantly (P<0.05), and the estrus of sexual-inexperienced females [(3.00±0.32) cycles, n=9] was longer than that of sexual-experienced [(1.55±0.11) times, n=13]. The origin of female deer had no significant impact on the estrus cycles and duration of diestrus. The reproductive cost last year did not affect the estrous and mating parameters such as estrus cycle and the duration of diestrus, but those females fawning next year had more estrus [(1.71±0.16), n=7] and shorter diestrus [(10.13±2.24), n=3] than those barren next year [(2.20±0.18) cycles, n=7; (13.00±2.00) days, n=7].【Conclusion】The temporal estrus pattern of captive female alpine musk deer is influenced by factors such as social interaction among captive individuals, enclosure environments, age and the sexual experience, the origin of females, but is not related to its estrus pattern. Furthermore, the reproduction cost last year of female musk deer do not influence the estrus, those females fawning next year, however, have more estrus and shorter diestrus than those barren next year.

Key words: alpine musk deer (Moschus sifanicus), captive, estrus cycle, Di-estrus, influencing factors