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Core collection construction of tea plant germplasm in Anhui Province based on genetic diversity analysis using simple sequence repeat markers

TAO Ling-ling, TING Yu-jie, CHEN Hong-rong, WEN Hui-lin, XIE Hui, LUO Ling-yao, HUANG Ke-lin, ZHU Jun-yan, LIU Sheng-rui, WEI Chao-ling

2023, 22 (9): 2719-2728. DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.07.020

Abstract （255） PDF in ScienceDirect

The tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] is an industrial crop in China. The Anhui Province has a long history of tea cultivation and has a large resource of tea germplasm with abundant genetic diversity. To reduce the cost of conservation and utilization of germplasm resources, a core collection needs to be constructed. To this end, 573 representative tea accessions were collected from six major tea-producing areas in Anhui Province. Based on 60 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, phylogenetic relationships, population structure and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) were conducted. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the 573 tea individuals clustered into five groups were related to geographical location and were consistent with the results of the PCoA. Finally, we constructed a core collection consisting of 115 tea individuals, accounting for 20% of the whole collection. The 115 core collections were considered to have a 90.9% retention rate for the observed number of alleles (Na), and Shannon’s information index (I) of the core and whole collections were highly consistent. Of these, 39 individuals were preserved in the Huangshan area, accounting for 33.9% of the core collection, while only 10 individuals were reserved in the Jinzhai County, accounting for 8.9% of the core set. PCoA of the accessions in the tea plant core collection exhibited a pattern nearly identical to that of the accessions in the entire collection, further supporting the broad representation of the core germplasm in Anhui Province. The results demonstrated that the core collection could represent the genetic diversity of the original collection. Our present work is valuable for the high-efficiency conservation and utilization of tea plant germplasms in Anhui Province

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Genome-wide pedigree analysis of elite rice Shuhui 527 reveals key regions for breeding

REN Yun, CHEN Dan, LI Wen-jie, TAO Luo, YUAN Guo-qiang, CAO Ye, LI Xue-mei, DENG Qi-ming, WANG Shi-quan, ZHENG Ai-ping, ZHU Jun, LIU Huai-nian, WANG Ling-xia, LI Ping, LI Shuang-cheng

2021, 20 (1): 35-45. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63256-7

Abstract （226） PDF in ScienceDirect

Hybrid rice significantly contributes to the food supply worldwide. Backbone parents play important roles in elite hybrid rice breeding systems. In this study, we performed pedigree-based analysis of the elite backbone parent rice variety, namely, Shuhui 527 (SH527, Oryza sativa), to exploit key genome regions during breeding. Twenty-four cultivars (including SH527, its six progenitors and 17 derived cultivars) were collected and analyzed with high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Scanning all these cultivars with genome-wide SNP data indicated the unique contributions of progenitors to the SH527 genome and identified the key genomic regions of SH527 conserved within all its derivatives. These findings were further supported by known rice yield-related genes or unknown QTLs identified by genome-wide association study. This study reveals several key regions for SH527 and provides insights into hybrid rice breeding.

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Effects of a novel mesoionic insecticide, triflumezopyrim, on the feeding behavior of rice planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

ZHU Jun, SUN Wen-qing, LI Yao, GE Lin-quan, YANG Guo-qing, XU Jian-xiang, LIU Fang

2020, 19 (10): 2488-2449. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63197-5

Abstract （149） PDF in ScienceDirect

The rice planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera, are important sap-sucking pests of rice in Asia. The mesoionic insecticide triflumezopyrim was previously shown to be highly effective in controlling both N. lugens and S. furcifera. In this study, electropenetrography (EPG) was used to evaluate the effect of three triflumezopyrim concentrations (LC₁₀, LC₅₀ and LC₉₀) on the feeding behavior of N. lugens and S. furcifera. EPG signals of planthoppes indicated that there were six different waveforms NP, N1, N2, N3, N4, and N5, which corresponded to non-penetration, stylet penetration into epidermis, salivation, extracellular movement of stylet, sap ingestion in phloem, and water ingestion in xylem during feeding. Compared to untreated controls, triflumezopyrim at LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ prolonged the duration of the non-penetration period by 105.3 to 333.7%. The probing frequencies of N. lugens exposed to triflumezopyrim at LC₁₀ and LC₅₀ were significantly increased; however, the probing frequencies of S. furcifera showed a significant decrease when exposed to triflumezopyrim at all concentrations. Triflumezopyrim exposure prolonged the duration of salivation and shortened the duration of extracellular movement. The duration of phloem sap ingestion decreased from 37.2 to 77.7% in the LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ treatments, respectively. Differences in feeding behavior in response to triflumezopyrim and pymetrozine were minimal. In summary, the results show that the LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ concentrations of triflumezopyrim inhibit the feeding activities of N. lugens and S. furcifera mainly by prolonging the duration of non-penetration and by shortening the duration of phloem sap ingestion, which may foster more efficient use of triflumezopyrim in Asia.

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Selectivity and sublethal effects of some frequently-used biopesticides on the predator Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae)

DAI Wei, LI Yao, ZHU Jun, GE Lin-quan, YANG Guo-qing, LIU Fang

2019, 18 (1): 124-133. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61845-8

Abstract （319） PDF （783KB）（226）

The green miridbug, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis, is an important predator of the rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. In this study, the selective toxicity of seven commercial biopesticides for C. lividipennis was examined under laboratory conditions; abamectin was the most selective to C. lividipennis, followed by matrine and azadirachtin. Veratridine, rotenone, Bacillus thuringiensis and Beauveria bassiana showed less selectivity for C. lividipennis. Subsequently, matrine, abamectin and azadirachtin were selected for sublethal assessments with respect to C. lividipennis due to their high toxicities to N. lugens. C. lividipennis treated with sublethal concentrations (LC₁₀ and LC₂₀) of the three biopesticides could distinguish volatiles released from healthy and N. lugens-infested plants indicating that the biopesticides tested did not affect the foraging ability of surviving miridbugs. Azadirachtin decreased the consumption capability of C. lividipennis when the densities of N. lugens were 20, 30, 40 and 50 insects per vial. Sublethal concentration treatment did not impact the pre-oviposition period or egg hatchability of C. lividipennis. However, the fecundity of C. lividipennis exposed to azadirachtin and abamectin increased by 27–41% compared to the untreated individuals. In summary, abamectin or matrine together with C. lividipennis could be considered an effective, sustainable pest management strategy for rice.

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Evolution of Xanthomonas Gene Content: Gene Gain/Loss History and Species Divergence

JIN Gu-lei, ZHANG Guo-qing, ZHU Jun, ZHOU Xue-ping, SUN Guo-chang, LI Bin, ZHU Bo

2012, 12 (6): 954-961. DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(00)8618

Abstract （1616） PDF in ScienceDirect

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) plays key roles in the evolution of pathogenetic bacteria, especially in pathogenetic associated genes. In this study, the evolutionary dynamics of Xanthomonas at species level were determined by the comparative analysis of the complete genomes of 15 Xanthomonas strains. A concatenated multiprotein phyletic pattern and a dataset with Xanthomonas clusters of orthologous genes were constructed. Mathematical extrapolation estimates that the core genome will reach a minimum of about 1 547 genes while the pan-genome will increase up to 22 624 genes when sequencing 1 000 genomes. The HGT extent in this genus was assessed by using a Markov-based probabilistic method. The reconstructed gene gain/loss history, which contained several features consistent with biological observations, showed that nearly 60% of the Xanthomonas genes were acquired by HGT. A large fraction of variability was in the clade ancestor nodes and “leaves of the tree”. Coexpression analysis suggested that the pathogenic and metabolic variation between Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae might due to recently-transferred genes. Our results strongly supported that the gene gain/loss may play an important role in divergence and pathogenicity variation of Xanthomonas species.

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