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A stable and major QTL region on chromosome 2 conditions pod shape in cultivated peanut (Arachis hyopgaea L.)
ZHANG Sheng-zhong, HU Xiao-hui, WANG Fei-fei, CHU Ye, YANG Wei-qiang, XU Sheng, WANG Song, WU Lan-rong, YU Hao-liang, MIAO Hua-rong, FU Chun, CHEN Jing
2023, 22 (8): 2323-2334.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.005
Abstract309)      PDF in ScienceDirect      
Peanut pod shape is a heritable trait which affects the market acceptance of in-shell peanut products.  In order to determine the genetic control of pod shape, six component traits of pod shape (pod length, pod width, pod length/width ratio, pod roundness, beak degree and constriction degree) were measured using an image-based phenotyping method.  A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population consisting of 181 lines was phenotyped across three environments.  Continuous distributions and transgressive segregations were demonstrated in all measured traits and environments.   Significant correlations were found among most component traits with broad-sense heritability ranging from 0.87 to 0.95.  Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis yielded 26 additive QTLs explaining 3.79 to 52.37% phenotypic variations.  A novel, stable and major QTL region conditioning multiple shape features was detected on chromosome 2, which spans a 10.81-Mb genomic region with 543 putative genes.  Bioinformatics analysis revealed several candidate genes in this region.  In addition, 73 pairs of epistatic interactions involving 92 loci were identified for six component traits explaining 0.94–6.45% phenotypic variations.  These results provide new genetic loci to facilitate genomics-assisted breeding of peanut pod shape.
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Preparation and efficacy evaluation of Paenibacillus polymyxa KM2501-1 microbial organic fertilizer against root-knot nematodes
CHENG Wan-li, ZENG Li, YANG Xue, HUANG Dian, YU Hao, CHEN Wen, CAI Min-min, ZHENG Long-yu, YU Zi-niu, ZHANG Ji-bin
2022, 21 (2): 542-551.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63498-0
Abstract216)      PDF in ScienceDirect      
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) cause huge yield losses to agricultural crops worldwide.  Meanwhile, livestock manure is often improperly managed by farmers, which leads to serious environmental pollution.  To resolve these two problems, this study developed a procedure for the conversion of chicken manure to organic fertilizer by larvae of Hermetia illucens L. and Bacillus subtilis BSF-CL.  Chicken manure organic fertilizer was then mixed thoroughly with Paenibacillus polymyxa KM2501-1 to a final concentration of 1.5×108 CFU g–1.  The efficacy of KM2501-1 microbial organic fertilizer in controlling root-knot nematodes was evaluated in pot and field experiments.  In pot experiments, applying KM2501-1 microbial organic fertilizer either as a base fertilizer or as a fumigant at the dose of 40 g/pot suppressed root-knot disease by 61.76 and 69.05% compared to the corresponding control treatments, respectively.  When applied as a fumigant at the dose of 1 kg m–2 in field experiments, KM2501-1 microbial organic fertilizer enhanced the growth of tomato plants, suppressed root-knot disease by 49.97%, and reduced second stage juveniles of RKN in soil by 88.68%.  KM2501-1 microbial organic fertilizer controlled RKNs better than commercial bio-organic fertilizer in both pot and field experiments.  These results demonstrate that this co-conversion process efficiently transforms chicken manure into high value-added larvae biomass and KM2501-1 microbial organic fertilizer with potential application as a novel nematode control agent.

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Functional polymorphism among members of abscisic acid receptor family (ZmPYL) in maize
LU Feng-zhong, YU Hao-qiang, LI Si, LI Wan-chen, ZHANG Zhi-yong, FU Feng-ling
2020, 19 (9): 2165-2176.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62802-9
Abstract143)      PDF in ScienceDirect      
Pyrabactin resistance 1-like proteins (PYLs) are direct receptors of abscisic acid (ABA).  For the redundant and polymorphic functions, some members of the PYL family interact with components of other signaling pathways.  Here, 253 positive colonies from a maize cDNA library were screened as interacting proteins with the members of ZmPYL family.  After sequencing and function annotation, 17 of 28 interaction combinations were verified by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H).  The germination potential, taproot length and proline content of a quartet mutant of Arabidopsis PYL genes were significantly deceased comparing to the wild type (WT) under alkaline stress (pH 8.5) and 100 μmol L–1 methyl jasmonate (MeJA) induction.  The malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly increased.  After germinating in darkness, the characteristics of dark morphogenesis of the quartet mutant seedlings were more obvious than those of the WT.  The differential expression of the related genes of photomorphogenesis in the mutant was much more than that in the WT.  Three light and two JA responsive cis-affecting elements were identified during the promoter sequences of the AtPYL1 and AtPYL2 genes.  These results suggested that functional polymorphism has evolved among the members of ZmPYL family.  In response to developmental and environmental stimuli, they not only function as direct ABA receptors but also interact with components of other signaling pathways mediated JA, brassinosteroid (BR), auxin, etc., and even directly regulate downstream stress-related proteins.  These signaling pathways can interact at various crosstalk points and different levels of gene expression within a sophisticated network.
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cDNA Cloning of Heat Shock Protein Genes and Their Expression in an Indigenous Cryptic Species of the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci Complex from China
YU Hao, WAN Fang-hao , GUO Jian-ying
2012, 11 (2): 293-302.   DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(00)8546
Abstract1635)      PDF in ScienceDirect      
Thermal adaptation plays a fundamental role in shaping the distribution and abundance of insects, and heat shock proteins (Hsps) play important roles in the temperature adaptation of various organisms. To better understand the temperature tolerance of the indigenous ZHJ2-biotype of whitefly Bemisia tabaci species complex, we obtained complete cDNA sequences for hsp90, hsp70, and hsp20 and analyzed their expression profiles under different high temperature treatments by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The high temperature tolerance of B. tabaci ZHJ2-biotype was determined by survival rate after exposure to different high temperatures for 1 h. The results showed that after 41°C heat-shock treatment for 1 h, the survival rates of ZHJ2 adults declined significantly and the estimated temperature required to cause 50% mortality (LT50) is 42.85°C for 1 h. Temperatures for onset (Ton) or maximal (Tmax) induction of hsps expression in B. tabaci ZHJ2-biotype were 35 and 39°C (or 41°C). Compared with previous studies, indigenous ZHJ2- biotype exhibits lower heat temperature stress tolerance and Ton (or Tmax) than the invasive B-biotype.
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