Search Result

Select

Host niche, genotype, and field location shape the diversity and composition of the soybean microbiome

YANG Hong-jun, YE Wen-wu, YU Ze, SHEN Wei-liang, LI Su-zhen, WANG Xing, CHEN Jia-jia, WANG Yuan-chao, ZHENG Xiao-bo

2023, 22 (8): 2412-2425. DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.01.006

Abstract （281） PDF in ScienceDirect

Plant-associated microbes represent a key determinant of plant fitness through acquiring nutrients, promoting growth, and resisting to abiotic and biotic stresses. However, an extensive characterization of the bacterial and fungal microbiomes present in different plant compartments of soybean in field conditions has remained elusive. In this study, we investigated the effects of four niches (roots, stems, leaves, and pods), four genotypes (Andou 203, Hedou 12, Sanning 16, and Zhonghuang 13), and three field locations (Jining, Suzhou, and Xuzhou) on the diversity and composition of bacterial and fungal communities in soybean using 16S and internal transcribed spacer rRNA amplicon sequencing, respectively. The soybean microbiome significantly differed across organs. Host genotypes explained more variation in stem bacterial community composition and leaf fungal community composition. Field location significantly affected the composition of bacterial communities in all compartments and the effects were stronger in the root and stem than in the leaf and pod, whereas field location explained more variation in stem and leaf fungal community composition than in the root and pod. The relative abundances of potential soybean fungal pathogens also differed among host organs and genotypes, reflecting the niches of these microbes in the host and probably their compatibility to the host genotypes. Systematic profiling of the microbiome composition and diversity will aid the development of plant protection technologies to benefit soybean health.

Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of the potassium application rate on lipid synthesis and eating quality of two rice cultivars

CHEN Guang-yi, PENG Li-gong, LI Cong-mei, TU Yun-biao, LAN Yan, WU Chao-yue, DUAN Qiang, ZHANG Qiu-qiu, YANG Hong, LI Tian

2023, 22 (7): 2025-2040. DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.09.020

Abstract （180） PDF in ScienceDirect

Lipid content has an important effect on rice eating quality, but the effects of fertilizer application rate on the lipid synthesis and eating quality of rice are not well understood. Potassium (K) has a strong influence on rice quality and the requirement for K fertilizer in rice is greater than for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers. To investigate the effects of K fertilizer on the lipid synthesis and eating quality of rice, we used Nanjing 9108 (NJ9108, japonica) and IR72 (indica) rice as experimental materials and four K levels: K0 (0 kg ha^–1), K1 (90 kg ha^–1), K2 (135 kg ha^–1) and K3 (180 kg ha^–1). The results showed that the lipid content, free fatty acid (FFA) content, unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) content, malonyl-CoA (MCA) content, phosphatidic acid (PA) content, lipid synthesis-related enzyme activities and eating quality first increased and then decreased with increasing K in both cultivars. The maximum values were obtained under K2. However, the saturated fatty acid (SFA) content showed the opposite trend. No significant differences were found in pyruvate (PYR) content among the K treatments. The protein and oxaloacetic acid (OAA) contents and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) activity of NJ9108 first decreased and then increased with increasing K, and the minimum values were obtained under K2; while IR72 showed the opposite trend and the maximum values were obtained under K1. Overall, increasing K optimized the fatty acid components and increased the lipid content and eating quality of rice by enhancing lipid synthesis-related enzyme activities and regulating substrate competition for lipid and protein synthesis. The optimal K application rate for lipid synthesis, eating quality and grain yield was 135 kg ha^–1 for both cultivars.

Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Fitness of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda to three solanaceous vegetables

WU Li-hong, ZHOU Cao, LONG Gui-yun, YANG Xi-bin, WEI Zhi-yan, LIAO Ying-jiang, YANG Hong, HU Chao-xing

2021, 20 (3): 755-763. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63476-1

Abstract （158） PDF in ScienceDirect

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important agricultural pest that invaded China in the middle of December 2018. As a polyphagous pest, FAW is identified as a serious threat to agricultural production and food security in China. Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) and eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) are three of dominant solanaceous vegetables of this country. To our knowledge, the effects of these plants on the performances of FAW have not been well studied. In this study we assessed the fitness of this pest to these three plants. Results showed that FAW can complete its life cycle when fed with tomato and pepper, but not on eggplant. The population parameters of FAW fed with maize (Zea mays L.) and the three solanaceous vegetables were compared using the age-stage, two-sex life table method. Developmental duration was significantly different in the larval stage, but not in the pupae stage. FAW fed with pepper had the longest pre-adult period (41.73 d) and the lightest pupal weight (0.1134 g); the survival rate was lower than FAW fed with tomato. Significant differences were observed in the mean fecundity of female, with the highest (943.95 eggs) laid by FAW fed with tomato. FAW had the shortest mean generation time (T), the highest intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) on maize, and the highest net reproductive rate (R₀) on tomato. Overall, FAW fitness on the three solanaceous vegetables was: tomato>pepper>eggplant. This study provides the foundation for further assessment of FAW risk to solanaceous vegetables and for establishing

Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The effects of step-wise improvement of forage combination in total mixed rations on fatty acid profile in the rumen and milk of Holstein cows

BAI Sarvvl, CAO Zhi-jun, JIN Xin, WANG Ya-jing, YANG Hong-jian, LI Sheng-li

2018, 17 (08): 1833-1842. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61941-0

Abstract （370） PDF （899KB）（530）

Five lactating Holstein cows in a 5×5 Latin square experiment were fed five high-concentrate total mixed rations (TMRs) to investigate the effects of step-wise improvement of forage combination on ruminal and milk fatty acid profiles. The ratio of concentrate to forage was fixed as 61:39, and the step-wise improvement of forage combination was applied as: TMR1, a ration containing corn stover; TMR2, a ration containing corn stover and ensiled corn stover; TMR3, a ration containing ensiled corn stover and Chinese wild ryegrass hay (Leymus chinensis); TMR4, a ration containing the ryegrass hay and whole corn silage; TMR5, a ration containing the ryegrass hay, whole corn silage and alfalfa hay. The TMRs were offered to the cows twice daily at 0700 and 1900 h. The entire experiment was completed in five periods, and each period lasted for 18 days. Diurnal samples of rumen fluids were collected at 0100, 0700, 1300 and 1900 h (day 16); 0300, 0900, 1500 and 2100 h (day 17); and 0500, 1100, 1700 and 2300 h (day 18). The step-wise improvement of forage combination increased energy and crude protein contents and decreased fibre content. As a result, the step-wise improvement of forage combination increased dry matter intake and milk yield (P<0.05). The step-wise improvement increased dietary content of linolenic acid (C18:3n-3), but did not alter dietary proportions of palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1cis-9), linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) and arachidic acid (C20:0). In response to the forage combination, ruminal concentration of C16:0, C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 linearly increased against their dietary intakes (P<0.10). The step-wise improvement increased milk contents of C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 (P<0.10) and decreased milk contents of C18:0 and C18:1cis-9 (P<0.05). Milk yields of C16:0, C18:1cis-9, C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 were linearly increased by the increase of these fatty acids in the rumen (R²≥0.79, P<0.05), and milk yields of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 were also positively correlated with dietary intake of these fatty acids (R²≥0.85, P<0.05). The step-wise improvement increased the transfer efficiencies from feed to milk for C18:2n-6 from 11.8 to 14.2% and for C18:3n-3 from 19.1 to 22.3%. In a brief, along with the step-wise improvement of forage combination, more dietary linoleic and linolenic acids might escape microbial hydrogenation in the rumen and consequently accumulated in milk fat though these fatty acids were present in low concentrations in ruminal fluids. The step-wise improvement of forage combinations could be recommended as a dietary strategy to increase the transfer efficiency of linoleic and linolenic acids from feed to milk.

Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Yield and water use responses of winter wheat to irrigation and nitrogen application in the North China Plain

ZHANG Ming-ming, DONG Bao-di, QIAO Yun-zhou, SHI Chang-hai, YANG Hong, WANG Ya-kai, LIU Meng-yu

2018, 17 (05): 1194-1206. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61883-5

Abstract （569） PDF in ScienceDirect

With increasing water shortage resources and extravagant nitrogen application, there is an urgent need to optimize irrigation regimes and nitrogen management for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the North China Plain (NCP). A 4-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of three irrigation levels (W1, irrigation once at jointing stage; W2, irrigation once at jointing and once at heading stage; W3, irrigation once at jointing, once at heading, and once at filling stage; 60 mm each irrigation) and four N fertilizer rates (N0, 0; N1, 100 kg N ha⁻¹; N2, 200 kg N ha⁻¹; N3, 300 kg N ha⁻¹) on wheat yield, water use efficiency, fertilizer agronomic efficiency, and economic benefits. The results showed that wheat yield under W2 condition was similar to that under W3, and greater than that under W1 at the same nitrogen level. Yield with the N1 treatment was higher than that with the N0 treatment, but not significantly different from that obtained with the N2 and N3 treatments. The W2N1 treatment resulted in the highest water use and fertilizer agronomic efficiencies. Compared with local traditional practice (W3N3), the net income and output-input ratio of W2N1 were greater by 12.3 and 19.5%, respectively. These findings suggest that two irrigation events of 60 mm each coupled with application of 100 kg N ha⁻¹ is sufficient to provide a high wheat yield during drought growing seasons in the NCP.

Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of NaCl and Iso-Osmotic Polyethylene Glycol Stress on Na+/H+ Antiport Activity of Three Malus species with Different Salt Tolerance

YANG Hong-bing, DONG Chun-hai, XU Xue-feng, WANG Yi , HAN Zhen-hai

2014, 13 (6): 1276-1283. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60627-9

Abstract （2256） PDF in ScienceDirect

Salt stress contains osmotic and ionic stress, while iso-osmotic polyethylene glycol (PEG) has only osmotic stress. This study aimed to compare the different effects on the activity of H+-ATPase, proton pump and Na+/H+ antiport in Malus seedlings between osmotic and ionic stress. Species of salt tolerant Malus zumi, middle salt tolerant Malus xiaojinensis and salt sensitive Malus baccata were used as experimental materials. Malus seedlings were treated with NaCl and iso-osmotic PEG stress. The activity of H+-ATPase, proton pump and Na+/H+ antiport of plasmolemma and tonoplast in Malus seedlings were obviously increased under salt stress, and those in salt-tolerant species increased more. Under the same NaCl concentration, the activity of H+- ATPase, proton pump and Na+/H+ antiport of plasmolemma and tonoplast in salt-tolerant species were all obviously higher than those in salt-sensitive one. Higher Na+/H+ antiport activity of plasmolemma and tonoplast in salt-tolerant species could help to extrude and compartmentalize sodium in roots under salt stress. The ascent rate of activity of H+-ATPase, proton pump and Na+/ H+ antiport in Malus seedlings under the three salt concentration stress was all obviously higher than that under the iso-osmotic PEG stress. It indicated that the sodium ion effect had more stimulation on the activity of H+-ATPase, proton pump and Na+/H+ antiport in salt-tolerant species, and salt-tolerant species has higher capability of sodium extrusion and compartmentalization in roots and is therefore more salt tolerant.

Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Relationship Between Polyamines Metabolism and Cell Death in Roots of Malus hupehensis Rehd. Under Cadmium Stress

JIANG Qian-qian, YANG Hong-qiang, SUN Xiao-li, LI Qiang, RAN Kun, ZHANG Xin-rong

2012, 12 (7): 1129-1136. DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(00)8638

Abstract （1411） PDF in ScienceDirect

The free putrescine (Put) content, the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and the polyamine oxidase (PAO) activity in roots of Malus hupehensis Rehd. var. pinyiensis Jiang (PYTC) were significantly increased, and reached its peak at 1, 2 and 6 h, respectively, under cadmium treatment. The free spermine (Spm) and spermidine (Spd) contents were dramatically decreased, and reached the minimum value at 4-6 h, then remained relatively stable. The change in total free polyamines (PAs) content was consistent with that of free Put. The number of root dead cells was gradually increased after treatment for 24 h, and the typical characteristics of programmed cell death (PCD) were displayed at 48 h. Throughout the Cd treatment process, changes in PAs metabolism appeared to be prior to cell death increase, and the H2O2 content was always maintained at a high level. These results indicated that polyamines could initiate cell death by generating H2O2 in roots of Malus hupehensis Rehd. under CdSO4 stress.

Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

About JIA

Editorial board

For authors