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Association mapping of lignin response to Verticillium wilt through an eight-way MAGIC population in Upland cotton

TIAN Xiao-min, HAN Peng, WANG Jing, SHAO Pan-xia, AN Qiu-shuang, Nurimanguli AINI, YANG Qing-yong, YOU Chun-yuan, LIN Hai-rong, ZHU Long-fu, PAN Zhen-yuan, NIE Xin-hui

2023, 22 (5): 1324-1337. DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.034

Abstract （398） PDF in ScienceDirect

Lignin metabolism plays a pivotal role in plant defense against pathogens and is always positively correlated as a response to pathogen infection. Thus, understanding resistance genes against pathogens in plants depends on a genetic analysis of lignin response. In the study, eight upland cotton lines were used to construct a multi-parent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population (n=280), which exhibited peculiar characteristics from the convergence of various alleles coding for advantageous traits. To measure the lignin response to Verticillium wilt (LRVW), artificial disease nursery (ADN) and rotation nursery (RN) were prepared for MAGIC population planting in four environments. The stem lignin contents were collected, and the LRVW was measured with the lignin value of ADN/RN in each environment, which showed great variation. A total of 9323 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers obtained from the Cotton-SNP63K array were employed for genotyping the MAGIC population. The SNPs were distributed through the whole genome with 4.78 SNP/Mb density, ranging from 1.14 (ChrA06) to 10.08 (ChrD08). A genome-wide association study was performed using a mixed linear model (MLM) for LRVW, and three stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs), qLRVW-A04, qLRVW-A10 and qLRVW-D05, were identified in more than two environments. Two key candidate genes, Ghi_D05G01046 and Ghi_D05G01221, were selected within the QTLs through the combination of variations in the coding sequence, induced expression patterns, and function annotations, both of which presented nonsynonymous mutations in coding regions and were strongly induced by Verticillium dahliae. Ghi_D05G01046 encodes a leucine-rich extensin (LRx) protein, which is involved in Arabidopsis cell wall biosynthesis and organization. Ghi_D05G01221 encodes a transcriptional co-repressor novel interactor of jaz (NINJA), which functions in the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway. In summary, the study creates valuable genetic resources for breeding and QTL mapping and opens up a new perspective to uncover the genetic basis of VW resistance in upland cotton.

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Fingerprinting 146 Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) accessions and selecting a core collection using SSR markers

NIE Xing-hua, WANG Ze-hua, LIU Ning-wei, SONG Li, YAN Bo-qian, XING Yu, ZHANG Qing, FANG Ke-feng, ZHAO Yong-lian, CHEN Xin, WANG Guang-peng, QIN Ling, CAO Qing-qin

2021, 20 (5): 1277-1286. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63400-1

Abstract （160） PDF in ScienceDirect

Chinese chestnut is an important nut tree around the world. Although the types of Chinese chestnut resources are abundant, resource utilization and protection of chestnut accessions are still very limited. Here, we fingerprinted and determined the genetic relationships and core collections of Chinese chestnuts using 18 fluorescently labeled SSR markers generated from 146 chestnut accessions. Our analyses showed that these markers from the tested accessions are highly polymorphic, with an average allele number (N_a) and polymorphic information content (PIC) of 8.100 and 0.622 per locus, respectively. Using these strongly distinguishing markers, we successfully constructed unique fingerprints for 146 chestnut accessions and selected seven of the SSR markers as core markers to rapidly distinguish different accessions. Our exploration of the genetic relationships among the five cultivar groups indicated that Chinese chestnut accessions are divided into three regional type groups: group I (North China (NC) and Northwest China (NWC) cultivar groups), group II (middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLY) cultivar group) and group III (Southeast China (SEC) and Southwest China (SWC) cultivar groups). Finally, we selected 45 core collection members which represent the most genetic diversity of Chinese chestnut accessions. This study provides valuable information for identifying chestnut accessions and understanding the phylogenetic relationships among cultivar groups, which can serve as the basis for efficient breeding in the future.

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Substitution of chemical fertilizer by Chinese milk vetch improves the sustainability of yield and accumulation of soil organic carbon in a double-rice cropping system

ZHOU Xing, LU Yan-hong, LIAO Yu-lin, ZHU Qi-dong, CHENG Hui-dan, NIE Xin, CAO Wei-dong, NIE Jun

2019, 18 (10): 2381-1392. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62096-9

Abstract （212） PDF in ScienceDirect

The double-rice cropping system is a very important intensive cropping system for food security in China. There have been few studies of the sustainability of yield and accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the double-rice cropping system following a partial substitution of chemical fertilizer by Chinese milk vetch (Mv). We conducted a 10-year (2008–2017) field experiment in Nan County, South-Central China, to examine the double-rice productivity and SOC accumulation in a paddy soil in response to different fertilization levels and Mv application (22.5 Mg ha^–1). Fertilizer and Mv were applied both individually and in combination (sole chemical fertilizers, Mv plus 100, 80, 60, 40, and 0% of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers, labeled as F100, MF100, MF80, MF60, MF40, and MF0, respectively). It was found that the grain yields of double-rice crop in treatments receiving Mv were reduced when the dose of chemical fertilizer was reduced, while the change in SOC stock displayed a double peak curve. The MF100 produced the highest double-rice yield and SOC stock, with the value higher by 13.5 and 26.8% than that in the F100. However, the grain yields increased in the MF80 (by 8.4% compared to the F100), while the SOC stock only increased by 8.4%. Analogous to the change of grain yield, the sustainable yield index (SYI) of double rice were improved significantly in the MF100 and MF80 compared to the F100, while there was a slight increase in the MF60 and MF40. After a certain amount of Mv input (22.5 Mg ha^–1), the carbon sequestration rate was affected by the nutrient input due to the stimulation of microbial biomass. Compared with the MF0, the MF100 and MF40 resulted in a dramatically higher carbon sequestration rate (with the value higher by 71.6 and 70.1%), whereas the MF80 induced a lower carbon sequestration rate with the value lower by 70.1% compared to the MF0. Based on the above results we suggested that Mv could partially replace chemical fertilizers (e.g., 40–60%) to improve or maintain the productivity and sustainability of the double-rice cropping system in South-Central China.

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Effect of replacing antibiotics using multi-enzyme preparations on production performance and antioxidant activity in piglets

HAN Xin-yan, YAN Feng-ying, NIE Xin-zheng, XIA Wei, CHEN Sha, ZHANG Xiao-xu, QIAN Li-chun

2017, 16 (03): 640-647. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61425-9

Abstract （769）

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing antibiotics using multi-enzyme preparations on growth performance, coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility, digestive enzyme activity, and antioxidant property in piglets. A total of 160 piglets ((21.35±0.22) kg) were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments: 1) basal diet supplemented with antibiotics (AC), 2) antibiotic diet supplemented with 0.5 g kg^–1 multi-enzyme preparations (AC+0.5EP), 3) antibiotic diet supplemented with 1.5 g kg^–1 multi-enzyme preparations (AC+1.5EP), 4) basal diet supplemented with a half dosage of antibiotics and 1.5 g kg^–1 multi-enzyme preparations (AH+1.5EP), and 5) basal diet supplemented with 1.5 g kg^–1 multi-enzyme preparations (BC+1.5EP). The results showed that AC+1.5EP significantly improved the feed efficiency, apparent digestibility of ether extract (EE) and crude ash (CA), lipase activity in pancreas and duodenum content, maltase and lactase activity in jejunum and ileum mucosa, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) concentration in serum and liver, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in serum and liver compared with piglets receiving AC (P<0.05). Piglets receiving BC+1.5EP showed no significant difference in growth performance (P>0.05) but had lower MDA concentration than piglets receiving AC (P<0.05). The apparent digestibility of EE and crude fiber (CF), duodenal lipase activity, jejunum mucosa maltase, and ileum mucosa lactase activity of piglets receiving AH+1.5EP or BC+1.5EP were significantly improved compared with piglets receiving AC (P<0.05). These results indicated an additive growth promotion effect between antibiotics and multi-enzyme preparations on piglets, and the multi-enzyme preparations may be used as substitutes for antibiotics for improving piglet production performance and health status.

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