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Assessment of the potential toxicity of insecticidal compounds to Peristenus spretus, a parasitoid of mirid bugs
ZHAO Man, LI Yun-he, NIU Lin-lin, CHEN Lin, LIANG Ge-mei
2022, 21 (5): 1424-1435.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63597-3
Abstract144)      PDF in ScienceDirect      
With the increased cultivation of Bt crops in China, Apolygus lucorum and other mirid bugs have emerged as important agricultural pests because they are insensitive to the Bt proteins.  In addition, the reduction of pesticide applications after planting Bt crops also increases the severity of mirid bug outbreaks.  Peristenus spretus is a parasitoid of mirid nymphs, but its sensitivity to Bt proteins is not known.  In the current study, we developed a dietary exposure assay to assess the effects of Bt proteins (Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F, Cry2Aa, and Cry2Ab) on P. spretus adults using a diet consisting of a 10% honey solution with or without Bt proteins at 400 µg g–1 diet.  The results showed that the survival and reproduction of P. spretus adults were reduced by the cysteine protease inhibitor E-64 (a positive control) but were not affected by any of the five Bt proteins.  The activities of digestive, detoxifying, and antioxidant enzymes in P. spretus were also unaffected by diets containing the Cry proteins, but they were significantly affected by the diet containing E-64.  We then developed a tri-trophic bioassay to determine the effects of the five Bt proteins on P. spretus larvae and pupae.  In this assay, A. lucorum nymphs fed an artificial diet containing Cry proteins were used as the hosts for P. spretus.  The results of the tri-trophic assay indicated that neither the pupation rate nor the eclosion rate of the P. spretus parasitoids were significantly affected by the presence of high concentrations of Bt proteins in the parasitized A. lucorum nymphs.  The overall results indicate that these two assays can be used to evaluate the toxicity of insecticidal compounds to P. spretus and that the tested Cry proteins are not toxic to P. spretus.  
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No detrimental effect of Bt maize pollen containing Cry1Ab/2Aj or Cry1Ac on adult green lacewings Chrysoperla sinica Tjeder
LIU Yan-min, LI Yun-he, CHEN Xiu-ping, SONG Xin-yuan, SHEN Ping, PENG Yu-fa
2019, 18 (4): 893-899.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61887-2
Abstract224)      PDF (759KB)(183)      
Adult Chrysoperla sinica Tjeder is a common pollen feeder in maize fields.  They are thus directly exposed to insecticidal proteins by consumption of genetically engineered maize pollen containing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins.  Here we assessed the potential effects of Cry1Ab/2Aj- or Cry1Ac-containing Bt maize pollen on the fitness of adult C. sinica via a dietary-exposure assay under laboratory conditions.  Survival, pre-oviposition, fecundity and adult dry weight did not differ between adult C. sinica consuming Bt or the corresponding non-Bt maize pollen.  The stability of the Cry protein in the food sources and uptake of the Cry protein by adult C. sinica during the feeding experiment were confirmed by ELISA.  These results demonstrate that adult C. sinica are not affected by the consumption of Cry1Ab/2Aj- or Cry1Ac-containing maize pollen, suggesting that production of Bt maize expressing cry1Ab/2Aj or cry1Ac genes will pose a negligible risk to adult C. sinica.
 
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