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1. 基于自然的解决方案是否有助于维护草地质量——来自中国牧区的实证证据
LI Dong-qing, ZHANG Ming-xue, LÜ Xin-xin, HOU Ling-ling
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (8): 2567-2576.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.07.001
摘要229)      PDF    收藏

轮牧被自然科学家认为是保护草地的自然解决方案之一。然而,当牧民采用轮牧时,其对改善草地质量的效果尚不明确。基于中国两个主要牧区的牧户面板数据,本文利用固定效应模型、工具变量法实证分析轮牧对草地质量的影响。结果显示,轮牧在短期内对草地质量的影响不显著,但在长期内具有显著的正向效果。当村庄投资能提高生产效率的公共基础设施或牧民采取轮牧相关的支持措施时,轮牧可以更好地改善草地质量。进一步分析表明,采用轮牧措施的牧民具有更高的放牧强度、更高的补饲强度和更多的圈养牲畜天数,这表明牧民可以在不增加对天然草地压力的情况下更有效地管理牲畜。此外我们还发现,牧业收入和轮牧采用相辅相成,这也是牧户采取轮牧的经济原因。这些研究结果为在发展中国家推广协调生态系统保护和资源利用的基层政策提供了参考。

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2. JIA-2021-1813
SHAN Yan-ju, JI Gai-ge, ZHANG Ming, LIU Yi-fan, TU Yun-jie, JU Xiao-jun, SHU Jing-ting, ZOU Jian-min
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (4): 1159-1171.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.067
摘要343)      PDF    收藏

调节鸡肌纤维类型特异性和维持性的机制很不清楚。在哺乳动物中,CSRP3在维持典型的肌肉结构和功能方面起着非常重要的作用。本研究探讨了CSRP3鸡骨骼肌中的作用。首先,制备了鸡CSRP3抗体比较四种不同肌纤维组成的骨骼肌CSRP3基因mRNA和蛋白表达水平。然后分析CSRP3沉默后成肌细胞转录组表达谱的影响。结果表明骨骼肌中CSRP3基因mRNA和蛋白表达水平均与其肌纤维类型组成相关。Q<0.05差异倍数大于1.5筛选条件,鉴定出650差异基因。CSRP3沉默后255基因表达上调,395基因表达下调。功能富集分析结果表明,心肌细胞肾上腺素能信号脂肪细胞因子信号和apelin信号等多种通路差异表达基因和所有表达基因中均显著P<0.05富集。共表达基因网络结果表明,CSRP3沉默后引起与肌原纤维组装、肌肉分化和收缩相关基因代偿性上调Q<0.05)。同时CSRP3沉默后,两个快速肌球蛋白重链基因(MyH1BMyH1E表达上调(Q<0.05)。这些结果表明,CSRP3在鸡肌纤维组成中发挥着重要作用,并可能通过调节MyH1BMyH1E的表达从而影响鸡肌纤维类型的分布

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3. JIA-2021-1999 棉花品种选育弱化了菌根共生体
WANG Xin-xin, ZHANG Min, SHENG Jian-dong, FENG Gu, Thomas W. KUYPER
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (3): 701-715.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.004
摘要276)      PDF    收藏

棉花Gossypium hirsutum L.)是一种重要的纤维经济作物,以往于棉花获取磷(P)相关的根系性状(包括菌根根系性状)的研究较少。我们采用1950年至2013年在中国西北地区使用8个棉花品种在3种磷供应水平下分别为050300 mg KH2PO4 kg-1研究了接种或者不接种丛枝菌根真菌Funneliformis mosseae棉花的生长和11根系性状特征结果表明:与老品种相比,新品种的根系直径更细,地上部吸收的磷更少,苗期生物量更低这表明育种过程选择了更细的根系,菌根真菌定殖的皮层空间更少因而增加了对供磷强度的更高需求。在两个低磷水平下,菌根植物比非菌根植物吸收更多的磷,产生更多的生物量P0时,3.2 mg对0.9 mg1.8 g对0.9 g;P50时,14.5 mg对1.7 mg4.7 g对1.6 g)。在最高磷水平下,菌根植物比非菌根植物获得更多的磷(18.8 mg13.4 mg ),但生物量没有差异(6.2 g对6.3 g)。在中等P50水平下,根直径与菌根植物地上部生物量、磷浓度和磷含量呈显著正相关。我们的结果支持了植物获取磷的外包模式(借助菌根途径)在根经济学空间框架中的重要性。在过去的几十年里,育种使得棉花的根系更细菌根途径获益更低,这导致了在中等磷供应并有菌根侵染条件下,老品种的生物量显著大于新品种的生物量。未来棉花品种选育策略要考虑到在根系自身吸收磷的能力发挥菌根吸磷能力之间的权衡(即根系性状与菌根性状的权衡),以便选育出中等投入条件下实现高产的品种

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4. Interactions between phosphorus availability and microbes in a wheat–maize double cropping system: a reduced fertilization scheme
YU Xiao-jing, CHEN Qi, SHI Wen-cong, GAO Zheng, SUN Xiao, DONG Jing-jing, LI Juan, WANG Heng-tao, GAO Jian-guo, LIU Zhi-guang, ZHANG Min
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (3): 840-854.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63599-7
摘要197)      PDF    收藏

小麦-玉米轮作体系减磷措施调控土壤磷素有效性与微生物间的耦合机制研究鲜有报道。本研究基于初始高磷(30.36 mg kg-1)和低磷水平(9.78 mg kg-1)石灰性土壤,通过连续四季的盆栽试验(2016-2018),探究小麦-玉米轮作体系仅麦季施磷(Pw)较常规麦-玉两季均施磷肥(Pwm)措施对作物产量、土壤有效磷和微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明,高磷水平Pw处理较Pwm处理每年减少33.3%的磷肥投入情况下,作物总产量能够连续两年稳产。玉米大喇叭口期,Pw处理土壤水溶性磷浓度与Pwm处理含量无显著差异。土壤磷含量显着影响土壤微生物群落,尤其是真菌群落。Pw处理变形菌门的相对丰度和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著高于Pwm处理(分别为11.4和13.3%)。高磷水平下,土壤微生物对产量的贡献大于土壤有效磷的影响。Pw处理芽孢杆菌和根瘤菌相对丰度显著高于Pwm处理。芽孢杆菌与酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性呈显着正相关,根瘤菌与ACP和ALP活性均呈显着正相关,可能利于土壤磷素活化。本研究说明高磷土壤条件下,小麦-玉米轮作体系仅麦季施磷可通过土壤磷有效性与微生物间的耦合实现全年作物稳产。


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5. JIA-2021-0700 密植条件下玉米花丝生长减缓的表型及转录组学证据
ZHANG Min, XING Li-juan, REN Xiao-tian, ZOU Jun-jie, SONG Fu-peng, WANG Lei, XU Miao-yun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (11): 3148-3157.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.083
摘要350)      PDF    收藏
增加种植密度是提高玉米产量的有效手段,但密植会加重雌穗顶端籽粒败育引发秃尖,进而导致减产。前期已有报道,对干旱逆境下玉米雌穗顶端籽粒败育的调控机制进行了研究,但对密植条件下玉米雌穗发生秃尖的调控机制知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨玉米应答密植环境、导致籽粒败育的潜在机制。选用两个自交系郑58和PH4CV,及分别由郑58和PH4CV做母本和父本组配的两个生产常用杂交种郑单958和先玉335为研究对象,观察了4个材料在四种不同种植密度(60,000 株/公顷 (60 k)、90,000株/公顷 (90 k)、120,000株/公顷 (120 k) 和 150,000株/公顷 (150 k)条件下,株型、秃尖情况、开花时间和花丝发育等表型的变化趋势。结果表明,随着种植密度增加,株高变化不明显,但茎粗、叶绿素含量和生物量的变化则呈现明显负相关。同时,散粉-吐丝期(ASI)延长,且苞叶中吐出花丝的数量也随之减少,说明密植条件下花丝生长减缓。进一步对花丝细胞形态的观察也发现,随着种植密度的增加,花丝细胞呈现减小趋势。转录组学数据分析表明,差异表达基因主要是花丝伸长相关基因,而非与碳代谢相关基因。以上研究证实,密植影响玉米花丝生长、使吐丝延迟、ASI加长,进而引起花期不遇,导致顶端胚珠授粉不良发生败育而产生秃尖表型。该研究加深了对密植条件下玉米花丝生长规律的认识,为进一步解析玉米应答密植条件,调控花丝生长的分子机制提供理论依据。
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6. Improving maize grain yield by formulating plant growth regulator strategies in North China
GONG Li-sha, QU Shu-jie, HUANG Guan-min, GUO Yu-ling, ZHANG Ming-cai, LI Zhao-hu, ZHOU Yu-yi, DUAN Liu-sheng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (2): 622-632.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63453-0
摘要105)      PDF    收藏
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are artificially synthesized compounds that have become an important technical guarantee for agricultural production. EDAH (containing 27% ethephon and 3% DA-6) has been proven to inhibit stalk elongation, promote stalk bold and increase mechanical strength and number of vascular bundles. DA-6 could enhance plant photosynthetic capacity and promote cell division and growth. In our study, experiments were performed at summer maize growing season during 2018–2019. The result showed that plant height, ear height and center of gravity height of maize with EDAH+DA-6 treatment were decreased by 10.18, 16.77 and 13.21%, respectively; leaf area and leaf area index also significantly (P<0.001) decreased by 24.11 and 60.15%, respectively; the value of mean tilt angle significantly (P<0.001) increased by 16.72% compared with the control plants, which meant that EDAH+DA-6 could shape more compact plant type. Therefore, lodging rate of maize with EDAH+DA-6 treatment decreased by 6.95% compared with control plants, and the grain yield was increased by 15.51%. In addition, EDAH+DA-6 treatment significantly improved the quality of maize base stalks, such as improving mechanical properties, which increased maize base stalk crushing strength by 22.23%; increased the hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin contents by 6.93, 3.87 and 30.21%, respectively. In conclusion, EDAH+DA-6 treatment could improve summer maize yield by shaping plant morphological characteristics and group photosynthesis.
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7. Optimizing the application of a novel harvest aid to improve the quality of mechanically harvested cotton in the North China Plain
MENG Lu, ZHANG Li-zhen, QI Hai-kun, DU Ming-wei, ZUO Yan-li, ZHANG Ming-cai, TIAN Xiao-li, LI Zhao-hu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (11): 2892-2899.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63280-4
摘要147)      PDF    收藏

棉花的脱叶催熟技术在机械收获中必不可少,尤其是在华北平原,由于热量资源不足,导致收获时残留绿叶和未开裂棉铃的比例较大,棉花机械收获受到限制。确定棉花脱叶催熟剂最佳用量,同时最大程度地减少产量和品质的损失至关重要。本文主要研究一种新型脱叶催熟剂-欣噻利(XSL,10%噻苯隆和40%乙烯利的复配剂)对棉花叶片和棉铃的空间分布,以及产量和品质的影响。本试验共设置了四个处理:不同的XSL剂量(1800和2700 mL ha-1),应用两次(分为两次应用,每次1350 mL ha-1)和无XSL(清水)对照。该大田试验于2016-2017年在中国河北进行。结果表明:与清水对照相比,所有脱叶催熟处理均未显著影响棉花的产量和纤维品质。两年数据显示,2700 mL ha-1 XSL一次性喷施的棉花吐絮率比清水对照高13.5%,而其他两个处理均未达到显著水平。三个XSL处理的脱叶率之间没有显著差异,但平均比清水对照高42.2%。年份对XSL应用效果较为显著,表明气候因素会影响XSL的应用。我们得出的结论是,在黄河流域棉区使用XSL的最佳剂量为2700 mL ha-1,而且无需分成两次应用。我们的结果将促进棉花机械化收获并降低棉花生产的人工成本


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8. Egg tanning improves the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutant locust production by enhancing defense ability after microinjection
ZHANG Ting-ting, WEN Ting-mei, YUE Yang, YAN Qiang, DU Er-xia, FAN San-hong, Siegfried ROTH, LI Sheng, ZHANG Jian-zhen, ZHANG Xue-yao, ZHANG Min
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (10): 2716-2726.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63736-X
摘要135)      PDF    收藏

突变效率和孵化率是影响基因编辑昆虫构建的两个关键因素。在CRISPR/Cas9介导的dsLmRNase2-/-突变体蝗虫构建过程中,我们发现注射与卵囊接触20 min的鞣化卵比未鞣化的新鲜卵获得突变体飞蝗的效率更高。然而,鞣化和未鞣化卵产生的dsLmRNase2突变遗传到G1代的效率相似。此外,发育正常的鞣化和未鞣化的G0代卵和成虫的有效突变率没有显著差异,表明鞣化并不影响CRISPR/Cas9介导的突变效率。同时,我们发现飞蝗合胞体分裂期比鞣化时间长,为显微注射的鞣化卵和未鞣化卵提供了足够的时间窗口以完成有效地基因编辑。我们进一步发现,鞣化卵显微注射后感染率较低进而表现出更高的孵化率。抗压和超微结构分析表明,鞣化卵具有压缩的卵壳,能够承受较高的外部压力。综上所述,鞣化卵具有更强的防御能力以提高孵化率,并保持了更高的基因组突变效率,为开发CRISPR/Cas9介导的飞蝗突变体构建提供了一种优化的技术方法。


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9. PGC-1α differentially regulates the mRNA expression profiles of genes related to myofiber type specificity in chicken
SHAN Yan-ju, JI Gai-ge, ZOU Jian-min, ZHANG Ming, TU Yun-jie, LIU Yi-fan, JU Xiao-jun, SHU Jing-ting
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (8): 2083-2094.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63177-X
摘要122)      PDF    收藏
Previous studies on mammals showed that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) played a prominent role in regulating muscle fiber type transition and composition.  However, the role of PGC-1α in chicken muscle has seldom been explored.  To investigate the effect of PGC-1α on chicken skeletal muscles in this study, the PGC-1α gene was overexpressed or silenced in chicken primary myoblasts by using lentivirus, and then the effects of the PGC-1α gene overexpression and knockdown on the mRNA expression profile of genes related to myofiber type specificity were examined during fiber formation.  The results showed that overexpression of PGC-1α from proliferation to differentiation was accompanied by the up-regulated expression of Pax7, MyoD, and CnAα, which was significantly (P<0.01) increased after one day of transfection (1I).  The enhancement of MyoG, MEF2c, and MyHC SM expression lagged, which was improved significantly (P<0.01) after four days of transfection (1I3D).  Overexpression of PGC-1α decreased (P<0.01) the MyHC FWM expression after four days of transfection (1I3D), and it had no significant impact (P>0.05) on the expression of CnB1, NFATc3, and MyHC FRM during myofiber formation.  The effective silence (P<0.01) of PGC-1α by lentivirus mediating short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was detected after four days of transfection (1I3D) in cultures, and the lack of its function in chicken primary myoblasts significantly (P<0.01) down-regulated the expression of Pax7, MyoD, CnAα, MyoG, MEF2c, and MyHC SM, significantly (P<0.01) up-regulated the expression of MyHC FWM, and had no significant impact (P>0.05) on the expression of CnB1, NFATc3, and MyHC FRM.  These results indicated that the role of PGC-1α in regulating the fiber type specificity of chicken skeletal muscles might be similar to that in mammals, which interplayed with key genes related to myocyte differentiation and calcineurin signaling pathway.  
 
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10. Pearprocess: A new phenotypic tool  for stone cell trait evaluation in pear fruit
XUE Yong-song, XU Shao-zhuo, XUE Cheng, WANG Run-ze, ZHANG Ming-yue, LI Jia-ming, ZHANG Shao-ling, WU Jun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (6): 1625-1634.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63193-8
摘要111)      PDF    收藏
The content of stone cells is an important factor for pear breeding as a high content indicates severely reduced fruit quality in terms of fruit taste.  Although the frozen-HCl method is currently a common method used to evaluate stone cell content in pears, it is limited in incomplete separation of stone cell and pulp and is time consuming and complicated.  Computer-aided research is a promising strategy in modern scientific research for phenotypic data collection and is increasingly used in studying crops.  Thus far, we lack a quantitative tool that can effectively determine stone cell content in pear fruit.  We developed a program, Pearprocess, based on an imaging protocol using computer vision and image processing algorithms applied to digital images.  Using photos of hand-cut sections of pear fruit stained with phloroglucin-HCl (Wiesner’s reagent), Pearprocess can extract and analyze image-based data to quantify the stone cell-related traits measured in this study: number, size, area and density of stone cell.  We quantified these traits for 395 pear accessions by Pearprocess and revealed large variation in different pear varieties and species.  The number of stone cells varied greatly from value of 138 to 2 866, the density of stone cells ranged from 0.0019 to 0.0632 cm2 cm–2, the distribution of stone cell area ranged from 0.06 to 2.02 cm2, and the stone cell size was between 2e-4 and 1e-3 cm2.  Moreover, trait data were correlated with fruit taste data.  We found that stone cell density is likely the most important factor affecting the taste of pear fruit.  In summary, Pearprocess is a new cost-effective web-application for semi-automated quantification of two-dimensional phenotypic traits from digital imagery using an easy imaging protocol.  This simpler, feasible and accurate method to evaluate stone cell traits of fruit is a promising new tool for use in evaluating future germplasms for crop breeding programs.
 
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11. Biotic and abiotic stress-responsive genes are stimulated to resist drought stress in purple wheat
LI Xiao-lan, Lü Xiang, WANG Xiao-hong, PENG Qin, ZHANG Ming-sheng, REN Ming-jian
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (1): 33-50.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62659-6
摘要131)      PDF    收藏
Triticum aestivum L. cv. Guizi 1 (GZ1) is a drought-tolerant local purple wheat cultivar.  It is not clear how purple wheat resists drought stress, but it could be related to anthocyanin biosynthesis.  In this study, transcriptome data from drought-treated samples and controls were compared.  Drought slightly reduced the anthocyanin, protein and starch contents of GZ1 grains and significantly reduced the grain weight. Under drought stress, 16 682 transcripts were reduced, 27 766 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and 379 DEGs, including DREBs, were related to defense response.  The defense-response genes included response to water deprivation, reactive oxygen, bacteria, fungi, etc.  Most of the structural and regulatory genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis were downregulated, with only TaDFR, TaOMT, Ta5,3GT, and TaMYB-4B1 being upregulated. TaCHS, TaF3H, TaCHI, Ta4CL, and TaF3’H are involved in responses to UV, hormones, and stimulus.  TaCHS-2D1, TaDFR-2D2, TaDFR-7D, TaOMT-5A, Ta5,3GT-1B1, Ta5,3GT-3A, and Ta5,3GT-7B1 connect anthocyanin biosynthesis with other pathways, and their interacting proteins are involved in primary metabolism, genetic regulation, growth and development, and defense responses.  There is further speculation about the defense-responsive network in purple wheat.  The results indicated that biotic and abiotic stress-responsive genes were stimulated to resist drought stress in purple wheat GZ1, and anthocyanin biosynthesis also participated in the drought defense response through several structural genes.
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12. Effect of relative humidity at chronic temperature on growth performance, glucose consumption, and mitochondrial ATP production of broilers
ZHOU ying, ZHANG Min-hong, FENG Jing-hai, DIAO Hua-jie
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (6): 1321-1328.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62584-0
摘要205)      PDF    收藏
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of relative humidity (RH) at chronic temperature on growth performance, glucose consumption, and mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production of broilers.  A total of 180 28-day-old Arbor Acres broilers (half males and half females) were randomly allocated to three treatments, each containing six replicates of 10 birds per treatment, using a completely randomized design.  Birds were reared at 35, 60 or 85% RH at 32°C for 15 days (temperature increased by 3°C every 3 days from 20 to 32°C within 15 days: 20–23–26–29–32°C).  RH affected (P<0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), average daily water consumption (ADWC), blood glucose concentrations, muscle glycogen levels, avian uncoupling protein (av UCP) mRNA expression, and cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity in liver of broilers at 42 days of age.  The 85% RH decreased (P<0.05) ADFI, ADG and ADWC; 35% RH decreased (P<0.02) ADG.  Both 85 and 35% RH increased (P<0.01) blood glucose and decreased (P<0.05) muscle glycogen.  Both 85 and 35% RH increased (P<0.05) av UCP mRNA expression.  35% RH decreased (P<0.05) CCO activity.  In conclusion, both high and low RH inceased glucose consumption and reduced mitochondrial ATP poduction, leading to a decline in growth rate.
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13. Effect of relative humidity at either acute or chronic moderate temperature on growth performance and droppings’ corticosterone metabolites of broilers
ZHOU ying, LI Xiu-mei, ZHANG Min-hong, FENG Jing-hai
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (1): 152-159.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62049-0
摘要284)      PDF    收藏
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of relative humidity (RH) at either acute or chronic moderate ambient temperature (Ta) on growth performance and droppings’ corticosterone metabolites of broilers.  Two experiments were conducted: effect of RH (35, 60 or 85%) on average daily feed intake (ADFI) and droppings’ corticosterone metabolites at acute (1 d: 20–26 or 31–20°C, 26 or 31°C for 6 h d–1 at 10:00–16:00) moderate Ta (experiment 1) and effect of RH (35, 60 or 85%) on growth performance and droppings’ corticosterone metabolites at chronic (step-wisely increasing temperature by 3°C every 3 d from 20 to 32°C within 15 d: 20–23–26–29–32°C) moderate Ta (experiment 2).  Droppings were collected at the 2, 4, 6, 8, and 22 h after Ta-RH controlled in experiment 1 and at the 2, 4, 6, and 22 h after Ta controlled to 32°C in experiment 2.  The results showed that: 1) In experiment 1, 85% RH increased (P<0.05) the droppings’ corticosterone metabolites at the 2, 6, 8, and 22 h and 35% RH increased (P<0.05) it at the 2 and 22 h compared to the 60% RH.  Moreover, 85% RH further increased (P<0.05) it compared to the 35% RH, however, no difference (P>0.05) was found in ADFI among the three RH groups at acute moderate 26°C; 35 and 85% RH increased (P<0.05) droppings’ corticosterone metabolites at the 2, 6, 8 and 22 h and decreased (P<0.05) ADFI compared to the 60% RH, moreover, 85% RH further increased (P<0.05) droppings’ corticosterone metabolites and further decreased (P<0.05) ADFI compared to the 35% RH at acute moderate 31°C; and the average of droppings’ corticosterone metabolites in the whole period had a negative correlation (P<0.02) with the ADFI.  2) In experiment 2, 85% RH increased (P<0.01) droppings’ corticosterone metabolites only at the 2 h and decreased (P<0.02) ADFI and average daily gain (ADG) compared to the 60% RH, no difference (P>0.05) in droppings’ corticosterone metabolites was found between the 35 and 60% RH, however, 35% RH decreased (P<0.01) ADG compared to the 60% RH, and the average of droppings’ corticosterone metabolites in the whole period also had a negative correlation (P<0.02) with ADFI and ADG.  In conclusion, droppings’ corticosterone metabolites could be used as a RH stress index and low and high RH, especially high RH, reduced growth performance possibly through inducing RH stress at moderate temperature.
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14. How plant density affects maize spike differentiation, kernel set, and grain yield formation in Northeast China?
ZHANG Ming, CHEN Tao, Hojatollah Latifmanesh, FENG Xiao-min, CAO Tie-hua, QIAN Chun-rong, DENG Ai-xing, SONG Zhen-wei, ZHANG Wei-jian
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (08): 1745-1757.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61877-X
摘要508)      PDF    收藏
Received  14 August, 2017    Accepted  20 December, 2017
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15. Yield and water use responses of winter wheat to irrigation and nitrogen application in the North China Plain
ZHANG Ming-ming, DONG Bao-di, QIAO Yun-zhou, SHI Chang-hai, YANG Hong, WANG Ya-kai, LIU Meng-yu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (05): 1194-1206.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61883-5
摘要569)      PDF    收藏
Received  14 September, 2017    Accepted  21 December, 2017
; © 2018 CAAS. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V.  All rights reserved.
doi:
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16. The damage risk evaluation of Aphis gossypii on wheat by host shift and fitness comparison in wheat and cotton
FAN Yin-jun, LI Fen, Abd Allah A. H. Mohammed, YI Xiao-qin, ZHANG Min, Nicolas Desneux, GAO Xi-wu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (03): 631-639.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61784-2
摘要698)      PDF    收藏
Aphids are considered as one of the key pests for wheat production worldwide.  Major aphid species that infest wheat in China include Sitobion avenae, Rhopalosiphum padi, Schizaphis graminum and Metopolophium dirhodum.  However, during our wheat field survey in Wenshang County of Shangdong Province, China, we observed that Aphis gossypii can feed on wheat.  The damage risk of A. gossypii on wheat was assessed using host shift method.  A population of A. gossypii collected from a wheat field in 2015 and another population reared on cotton under laboratory conditions for a decade without exposure to insecticides were used in the study.  The results of host shift demonstrated that the A. gossypii colony from wheat has not yet developed wheat specialization.  Moreover, the assessment of A. gossypii fitness on wheat and cotton showed that fecundity and net reproductive rate of A. gossypii population fed on wheat was significantly higher comparing to the population fed on cotton, whether the initial host of A. gossypii population was wheat or cotton.  This study raises a warning that the cotton aphid has potential to establish well on wheat and it may cause significant effects under specific circumstances.  Therefore, future studies are required to evaluate the effects of A. gossypii on wheat production.  
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17. Drought-induced responses of organic osmolytes and proline metabolism during pre-flowering stage in leaves of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
ZHANG Ming, WANG Li-feng, ZHANG Kun, LIU Feng-zhen, WAN Yong-shan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (10): 2197-2205.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61515-0
摘要754)      PDF    收藏
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), an improtant oil crop, usually encounters drought stress in the process of growth and development, especially at pre-flowering stage.  In order to gain insight into the drought tolerance potentials based on osmolyte accumulation and metabolism of proline aspects of peanut, pot experiments were conducted with a split-plot design in Tai’an, Shangdong Province, China in 2013 and 2014.  Pre-flowering drought (PFD) stress and optinum irrigation (control, CK) were served as the main plots and the two peanut cultivars Shanhua 11 and Hua 17 served as sub-plots.  Shanhua 11 was drought-tolerant cultivar and Hua 17 was drought-sensitive.  The content of soluble sugars, soluble protein, free proline and other free amino acids, the activities of enzymes involved in proline metabolism, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and ion leakage were all investigated in the two cultivars at pre-flowering stage.  Results showed that PFD stress significantly increased the levels of soluble protein, free proline and free amino acid, and increased Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P-5-CS, EC 2.7.2.11) activity in the leaves of drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive cultivars.  The activity of proline dehydrogenase (proDH) (EC 1.5.99.8) decreased under PFD stress in both cultivars.  The leaves of the tolerant cultivar maintained higher increments of osmolyte levels, lower increments of MDA content and ion leakage, as well as a higher increased proportion of P-5-CS activity and higher inhibited proportion of proDH activity under water stress compared with the drought-sensitive cultivar.  The study suggests that proline accumulation in peanut leaves under PFD can be explained by the higher enhanced activities of P-5-CS and higher inhibition of proDH.  The results will provide useful information for genetic improvement of peanut under drought tolerance.
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18. Assessment of the cropland classifications in four global land cover datasets: A case study of Shaanxi Province, China
CHEN Xiao-yu, LIN Ya, ZHANG Min, YU Le, LI Hao-chuan, BAI Yu-qi
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (02): 298-311.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61442-9
摘要1088)      PDF    收藏
Accurate and reliable cropland surface information is of vital importance for agricultural planning and food security monitoring.  As several global land cover datasets have been independently released, an inter-comparison of these data products on the classification of cropland is highly needed.  This paper presents an assessment of cropland classifications in four global land cover datasets, i.e., moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS) land cover product, global land cover map of 2009 (GlobCover2009), finer resolution observation and monitoring of global cropland (FROM-GC) and 30-m global land cover dataset (GlobeLand30).  The temporal coverage of these four datasets are circa 2010.  One of the typical agricultural regions of China, Shaanxi Province, was selected as the study area.  The assessment proceeded from three aspects: accuracy, spatial agreement and absolute area.  In accuracy assessment, 506 validation samples, which consist of 168 cropland samples and 338 non-cropland ones, were automatically and systematically selected, and manually interpreted by referencing high-resolution images dated from 2009 to 2011 on Google Earth.  The results show that the overall accuracy (OA) of four datasets ranges from 61.26 to 80.63%.  GlobeLand30 dataset, with the highest accuracy, is the most accurate dataset for cropland classification.  The cropland spatial agreement (mainly located in the plain ecotope of Shaanxi) and the non-cropland spatial agreement (sparsely distributed in the south and middle of Shaanxi) of the four datasets only makes up 33.96% of the whole province.  FROM-GC and GlobeLand30, obtaining the highest spatial agreement index of 62.40%, have the highest degree of spatial consistency.  In terms of the absolute area, MODIS underestimates the cropland area, while GlobCover2009 significantly overestimates it.  These findings are of value in revealing to which extent and on which aspect that these global land cover datasets may agree with each other at small scale on each ecotope region.  The approaches taken in this study could be used to derive a fused cropland classification dataset.
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19. Development and detection application of monoclonal antibodies against Zucchini yellow mosaic virus
CHEN Zhe, ZHANG Ming-hao, ZHOU Xue-ping, WU Jian-xiang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (01): 115-124.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61416-8
摘要998)      PDF    收藏
Aphid-borne Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) is one of the most economically important viruses of cucurbitaceous plants.  To survey and control this virus, it is necessary to develop an efficient detection technique.  Using purified ZYMV virion and the conventional hybridoma technology, three hybridoma cell lines (16A11, 5A7 and 3B8) secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against ZYMV Zhejiang isolate were obtained.  The working titers of the ascitic fluids secreted by the three hybridoma cell lines were up to 10–7 by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).  All MAbs were isotyped as IgG1, kappa light chain.  Western blot analysis indicated that the MAb 3B8 could specifically react with the coat protein of ZYMV while MAbs 5A7 and 16A11 reacted strongly with a protein of approximately 51 kDa from the ZYMV-infected leaf tissues.  According to this molecular weight, we consider this reactive protein is likely to be the HC-Pro protein.  Using these three MAbs, we have now developed five detection assays, i.e., antigen-coated-plate ELISA (ACP-ELISA), dot-ELISA, tissue blot-ELISA, double-antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA), and immunocapture-RT-PCR (IC-RT-PCR), for the sensitive, specific, and easy detection of ZYMV.  The sensitivity test revealed that ZYMV could be readily detected respectively by ACP-ELISA, dot-ELISA, DAS-ELISA and IC-RT-PCR in 1:163 840, 1:2 560, 1:327 680 and 1:1 310 720 (w/v, g mL–1) diluted crude extracts from the ZYMV-infected plants.  We demonstrated in this study that the dot-ELISA could also be used to detect ZYMV in individual viruliferous aphids.  A total of 275 cucurbitaceous plant samples collected from the Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong and Hainan provinces, China, were screened for the presence of ZYMV with the described assays.  Our results showed that 163 of the 275 samples (59%) were infected with ZYMV.  This finding indicates that ZYMV is now widely present in cucurbitaceous crops in China.  RT-PCR followed by DNA sequencing and sequence analyses confirmed the accuracy of the five assays.  We consider that these detection assays can significantly benefit the control of ZYMV in China.  
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20. Effects of high ambient temperature on lipid metabolism in finishing pigs
WU Xin, LI Ze-yang, JIA An-feng, SU Hong-guang, HU Chun-hong, ZHANG Min-hong, FENG Jing-hai
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2016, 15 (2): 391-396.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61061-9
摘要1801)      PDF    收藏
In this study, we investigated the effects of high ambient temperature on lipid metabolism in finishing pigs. Sixteen pigs ((79.6±1.2) kg) were randomly assigned to two groups: (1) ambient temperature of 30°C with ad libitum access to feed (HT; n=8) and (2) ambient temperature of 22°C and fed the average amount consumed by eight pigs in HT group on the previous day (PF; n=8). After 21 days of constant exposure to different environmental conditions, all the pigs were euthanized, and blood and tissue samples were obtained. High ambient temperature increased the proportion of backfat (P=0.04, +21.6%) and flare fat (P<0.01, +43.3%). Compared with pair-fed pigs, the activities of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and malic enzyme in backfat and flare fat were lower (P<0.05) in heat-stressed pigs, as were the amounts of acetyl-CoA-carboxylase and FAS in the longissimus muscle (LM), the amount of FAS in backfat (P<0.01), and FAS activity in the liver (P<0.01). Ambient temperature did not affect the amount of hormone-sensitive lipase in different tissues. The amount of lipoprotein lipase in flare fat tended to be higher (P=0.09, +28.3%), and the activities of β-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase in front and back of LM were lower (P<0.01, –48.3 and –49.8%, respectively) at 30°C than at 22°C. The plasma concentration of high-density lipoprotein tended to be lower (P=0.08), but the plasma concentrations of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) (P=0.09, +50.0%) and nonestesterified fatty acid (NEFA) (P=0.04, +44.2%) were higher in heat-stressed pigs. We concluded that high ambient temperature depressed de novo fatty acid synthesis in both adipose tissues and the liver. However, β-oxidation of fatty acid in skeletal muscles was also inhibited in the high-temperature environment. As a result, more plasma NEFAs were used to synthesize VLDLs in the liver and were absorbed by adipose tissues. This may be one reason that high ambient temperature enhances the accumulation of backfat and flare fat in finishing pigs.
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21. Effects of sustained cold and heat stress on energy intake, growth and mitochondrial function of broiler chickens
ZHANG Shao-shuai, SU Hong-guang, ZHOU Ying, LI Xiu-mei, FENG Jing-hai, ZHANG Min-hong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2016, 15 (10): 2336-2342.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61314-4
摘要1637)      PDF    收藏
    To study the correlation of broiler chickens with energy intake, growth and mitochondrial function which exposed to sustained cold and heat stress and to find out the comfortable temperature, 288 broiler chickens (21-day with (748±26) g, 144 males and 144 females) were divided randomly into six temperature-controlled chambers. Each chamber contained six cages including eight AA broilers per cage, each cage as a repeat. After acclimation for one week (temperature, 21°C; relative humidity, 60%), the temperature of each chamber was adjusted (finished within 1 h) respectively to 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, or 30°C (RH, 60%) for a 14-day experimental period. After treatment, gross energy intake (GEI), metabolizable energy intake (MEI), the ratio of MEI/BW, metabolizability, average daily gain (ADG), the concentration of liver mitochondria protein and cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) were measured respectively. Our results confirmed that when the temperature over 26°C for 14 days, GEI, MEI and CCO activities were decreased significantly (P<0.05), but the concentration of liver mitochondria protein was increased and metabolizability of broilers was not influenced (P>0.05). Compared with treatment for 14 days, the ratio of MEI/body weight (BW) were also decreased when the temperature over 26°C after temperature stress for 7 days (P<0.05), meanwhile mitochondrial protein concentration was increased at 10°C and CCO activity was not affected (P>0.05). Additionally at 22°C, the ADG reached the maximal value. When kept in uncomfortable temperatures for a long time, the ADG and CCO activities of broiler were reduced, which was accompanied by mitochondrial hyperplasia. In summary, our study focused on the performance of broilers during sustained cold and heat environmental temperatures ranging from 10 to 30°C. From the point of view of energy utilization, moreover, 22 to 26°C is comfortable for 28–42 days broilers. And these could provide the theoretical basis on the high efficient production.
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22. Effect of feeding transgenic cry1Ab/cry1Ac rice on indices of immune function in broilers
LIU Ran-ran, ZHAO Gui-ping, ZHENG Mai-qing, LIU Jie, ZHANG Jing-jing, LI Peng, LI Qing-he, FENG Jing-hai, ZHANG Min-hong, WEN Jie
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2016, 15 (06): 1355-1363.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61281-3
摘要1869)      PDF    收藏
  The safety of feeding transgenic cry1Ab/cry1Ac rice (a genetically modified (GM) rice variety) to broilers was examined from an immunological perspective. Hatchling Arbor Acres chickens (240) were assigned to two dietary treatments (diets containing GM or non-GM rice) with 12 replicates per group and 10 birds per replicate. Traits were measured on one randomly selected bird from each replicate at d 21 and 42. The 42-d feeding trial revealed that cry1Ab/cry1Ac rice had no significant effect relative to non-GM rice on body weight and the immune organ indices. No significant pathological lesion in the spleen and bursa of Fabricius was found in the GM rice group. There were no significant differences in serum concentrations of immunoglobulin Y (IgY), IgM, interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-6 between the two groups at d 21 or 42, except for IL-6 being higher (P<0.05) in the GM-fed chickens at d 42. There were no differences in the T and B lymphocyte transformation rate and CD4+/CD8+ ratio between the two groups at d 42. Additionally, there was no significant difference between the two diets in expression of relevant genes viz. the major histocompatibility complex class II beta chain (BLB2), interferon beta 1 (IFNβ), tumour necrosis factor alpha-like (TNFα) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the spleen and bursa of Fabricius. All the data demonstrated that transgenic cry1Ab/cry1Ac rice had no adverse effect on these aspects of immune function of broilers during 42-d feeding trial. Transgenic rice was therefore indistinguishable from non-GM rice in terms of short-term feeding in chickens.  
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23. Differentiation of expression profiles of two calcineurin subunit genes in chicken skeletal muscles during early postnatal growth depending on anatomical location of muscles and breed
SHAN Yan-ju, XU Wen-juan, SHU Jing-ting, ZHANG Ming, SONG Wei-tao, TAO Zhi-yun, ZHU Chunhong, LI Hui-fang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2016, 15 (05): 1085-1094.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61162-5
摘要1780)      PDF    收藏
  Calcineurin (Cn or CaN) is implicated in the control of skeletal muscle fiber phenotype and hypertrophy. However, little information is available concerning the expression of Cn in chickens. In the present study, the expression of two Cn subunit genes (CnAα and CnB1) was quantified by qPCR in the lateral gastrocnemius (LG, mainly composing of red fast-twitch myofibers), the soleus (mainly composing of red slow-twitch myofibers) and the extensor digitorum longus (EDL, mainly composing of white fast-twitch myofibers) from Qingyuan partridge chickens (QY, slow-growing chicken breed) and Recessive White chickens (RW, fast-growing chicken breed) on different days (1, 8, 22, 36, 50 and 64 days post-hatching). Although CnAα and CnB1 gene expressions were variable with different trends in different skeletal muscles in the two chicken breeds during postnatal growth, it is highly muscle phenotype and breed specific. In general, the levels of CnAα and CnB1 gene expressions of the soleus were lower than those of EDL and LG in both chicken breeds at the same stages. Compared between the two chicken breeds, the levels of CnAα gene expression of the three skeletal muscles in QY chickens were higher than those in RW chickens on days 1 and 22. However, on day 64, the levels of both CnAα and CnB1 gene expressions of the three skeletal muscles were lower in QY chickens than those in RW chickens. Correlation analysis of the levels of CnAα and CnB1 gene expressions of the same skeletal muscle showed that there were positive correlations for all three skeletal muscle tissues in two chicken breeds. These results provide some valuable clues to understand the role of Cn in the development of chicken skeletal muscles, with a function that may be related to meat quality.
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24. A possible mechanism of mineral responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 in rice grains
GUO Jia, ZHANG Ming-qian, WANG Xiao-wen, ZHANG Wei-jian
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2015, 14 (1): 50-57.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60846-7
摘要1711)      PDF    收藏
Increasing attentions have been paid to mineral concentration decrease in milled rice grains caused by CO2 enrichment, but the mechanisms still remain unclear. Therefore, mineral (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Mn) translocation in plant-soil system with a FACE (Free-air CO2 enrichment) experiment were investigated in Eastern China after 4-yr operation. Results mainly showed that: (1) elevated CO2 significantly increased the biomass of stem and panicle by 21.9 and 24.0%, respectively, but did not affect the leaf biomass. (2) Elevated CO2 significantly increased the contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn in panicle by 61.2, 28.9, 87.0, 36.7, and 66.0%, respectively, and in stem by 13.2, 21.3, 47.2, 91.8, and 25.2%, respectively, but did not affect them in leaf. (3) Elevated CO2 had positive effects on the weight ratio of mineral/biomass in stem and panicle. Our results suggest that elevated CO2 can favor the translocation of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn from soil to stem and panicle. The CO2-led mineral decline in milled rice grains may mainly attribute to the CO2-led unbalanced stimulations on the translocations of minerals and carbohydrates from vegetative parts (e.g., leaf, stem, branch and husk) to the grains.
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25. Timing of N Application Affects Net Primary Production of Soybean with Different Planting Densities
ZHANG Ming-cong, SUN Wen-xiang, LIU Yuan-ying, LUO Sheng-guo, ZHAO Jing, WU Qiong, WU Zhen-yu , JIANG Yi
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2014, 13 (12): 2778-2787.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60535-3
摘要1085)      PDF    收藏
Understanding the relationship between the timing of N fertilizer applications and crop primary production is crucial for achieving high yield and N use efficiency in agriculture. This study investigated the effects of starting-N plus topdressing N applications (as compared to the common practice of all basal application) on soybean photosynthetic capacity under different planting densities. A field experiment was conducted in two growing seasons (2011 and 2012), and the soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) cultivar was Dongnong 52, three planting densities (20, 25 and 30 plants m-2), and four N fertilizer application patterns (all N fertilizer of 6 g N m-2 as basal fertilizer, all N fertilizer as topdressing at beginning pod stage (R3), 1.8 g N m-2 as basal fertilizer and 4.2 g N m-2 as topdressing at stage R3 and full pod stage (R4), respectively). The results indicated that under the same planting density, compared to applying all N as basal fertilizer, the application of starter-N plus topdressing N substantially reduced the rate of pod abscission, and enhanced leaf area index (LAI) significantly at beginning seed stage (R5) (P<0.05), net assimilation rate (NAR) during stages R4-full seed stage (R6) (P<0.05), contribution rate of post-seed filling assimilate to seed (CPA) (P<0.05), and yield (P<0.05). Applying topdressing N at stage R4 resulted in higher net primary production and yield than applying topdressing N at stage R3. When applying starter-N plus topdressing N at planting density of 25 plants m-2, LAI after stage R5 and NAR after stage R4 were increased by 5.92-16.3% (P<0.05) and 13.7-26.6% (P<0.05) with the planting density of 20 plants m-2, respectively, and yield was 8.46-14.0% (P<0.05) higher than that under 20 plants m-2. When planting density increased to 30 plants m-2, only LAI during stages R4-R5 and NAR during stages R4-R5 increased by applying starter-N plus topdressing N, while the other indexes declined. Overall, results of this study demonstrated that applying starter-N plus topdressing N could significantly enhance soybean photosynthetic capacity after stage R5 at planting density of 25 plants m-2.
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26. Quantitative Evaluation of Sustainable Development and Eco- Environmental Carrying Capacity in Water-Deficient Regions: A Case Study in the Haihe River Basin, China
WANG Zhong-gen, LUO Yu-zhou, ZHANG Ming-hua , XIA Jun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2014, 13 (1): 195-206.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60423-2
摘要1763)      PDF    收藏
Quantitative assessment of development sustainability could be a challenge to regional management and planning, especially for areas facing great risks of water shortage. Surface-water decline and groundwater over-pumping have caused serious environmental problems and limited economic development in many regions all around the world. In this paper, a framework for quantitatively evaluating development sustainability was established with water-related eco-environmental carrying capacity (EECC) as the core measure. As a case study, the developed approach was applied to data of the Haihe River Basin, China, during 1998 through 2007. The overall sustainable development degree (SDD) is determined to be 0.39, suggesting that this rate of development is not sustainable. Results of scenario analysis revealed that overshoot, or resource over- exploitation, of the Basin’s EECC is about 20% for both population and economy. Based on conditions in the study area in 2007, in order to achieve sustainable development, i.e., SDD>0.70 in this study, the EECC could support a population of 108 million and gross domestic product (GDP) of 2.72 trillion CNY. The newly developed approach in quantifying eco- environmental carrying capacity is anticipated to facilitate sustainable development oriented resource management in water- deficient areas.
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27. Evaluation of Harvest Aid Chemicals for the Cotton-Winter Wheat Double Cropping System
DU Ming-wei, REN Xiao-ming, TIAN Xiao-li, DUAN Liu-sheng, ZHANG Ming-cai, TAN Wei-ming , LI Zhao-hu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2013, 12 (2): 273-282.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60226-9
摘要1506)      PDF    收藏
Timing of harvest is critical for mechanical picking in cotton production, especially in those regions with double cropping system. Appropriate and safe harvest aids will improve timing and facilitate harvest of cotton in the double cropping system. Three defoliants (dimethipin, thidiazuron, and thidiazuron-diuron) and one boll opener (ethephon) were included in this research. They were evaluated for their effects on defoliation, boll opening, seedcotton yield, seed quality, and fiber quality of field grown cotton when used alone or as a mixture in 2009 and 2010. Defoliation and/or boll opening were increased by all three defoliants and ethephon, especially by mixtures of a defoliant and ethephon. First harvest of seedcotton was significantly increased with defoliant-ethephon mixtures. No significant adverse effects were observed on boll weight, lint percentage, seed quality, and fiber properties. It was estimated that tank mixes of ethephon and one of the three defoliants can improve the adjusted gross revenue. Boll opening can be used as an alternative indicator for the adjusted gross revenue, because, it was linearly and positively correlated with the relative adjusted gross revenue and convenient in measurements. Wheat seedling growth was not affected by thidiazuron, whereas its seedling emergence, root dry weight, relative water content, and electrolyte leakage were adversely affected by dimethipin and thidiazurondiuron when concentration was above 340 and 100 g (a.i.) ha-1, respectively. 90% defoliation and 80% boll opening were observed with the high rate of thidiazuron-ethephon mixture, but no adverse effects on winter wheat. The results suggested that tank mixes of ethephon with thidiazuron can be used effectively and safely in the cotton-winter wheat double cropping system to improve yield without adverse effects on seed quality and fiber quality.
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28. Mechanical Harvesting Effects on Seed Yield Loss, Quality Traits and Profitability of Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)
MA Ni, ZHANG Chun-lei, LI Jun, ZHANG Ming-hai, CHENG Yu-gui, LI Guang-ming, ZHANG Shujie
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2012, 12 (8): 1297-1304.   DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(00)8658
摘要1547)      PDF    收藏
China is one of the most important rapeseed producing countries in the world. Effective mechanical harvesting time for decreasing harvesting loss of winter oilseed rape has been becoming a critical factor. An elite cultivar Zhongshuang 11 (Brassica napus L.) was employed in two rounds of field experiments from 2009 to 2011. Seeds were sown with machine, three combine harvesting times namely combine harvesting A, B, and C (CHA, CHB, and CHC) were designed and manual harvesting (MH) as control was performed at maturity. The harvesting treatments were determined according to color of pod and seed in the field. Seed yield loss and quality in different treatments were evaluated. Results showed that both seed yields and harvesting losses in 2009-2010 were higher than that in 2010-2011, whereas seed oil contents in 2010-2011 were higher than that in 2009-2010. The highest yield appeared in CHB, which was significantly higher than that in MH. Furthermore, harvesting loss in CHB were 50% that in MH. Seed oil content and chlorophyll exhibited no obvious difference between CHB and MH. Economic profit analysis demonstrated that mechanical sowing/combine harvesting (MS/CH) showed an input/output ratio of 1:1.6, and it was 1:1.2 in mechanical sowing/manual harvesting (MS/MH). Labor-cost accounted for more than 70% of the total cost in MS/MH, which led to low profitability to a great extent. Our results suggested that CHB was the optimum harvesting time for winter oilseed rape along the Yangtze River.
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29. Development of High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Detection of Tulathromycin in Swine Plasma
HUANG Xian-hui, LIANG Zi-sen, ZENG Zhen-ling, ZHANG Min, FANG Bing-hu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2012, 12 (3): 465-473.   DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(00)8565
摘要2665)      PDF    收藏
An accurate and precise method for the determination of tulathromycin in swine plasma was developed and validated. Plasma samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (HPLC-MS/MS) using electrospray ionization (ESI). Tulathromycin was extracted from plasma by precipitation with acetonitrile and separated using a Phenomenex Luna 5 μm C18 column (150 mm×2.0 mm) at a flow rate of 0.25 mL min-1. Solvent A consisted of 0.002 mol L-1 ammonium acetate and formic acid (999:1, v/v), and solvent B was acetonitrile. The mass spectrometer was operated in the selected-ion mode with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization to monitor the respective MH+ ions, namely, m/z 577.3 for tulathromycin and m/z 679.3 for the internal standard roxithromycin. The calibration curves were linear in a dynamic range of 2.0-500 ng mL-1 on the column. The accuracy was ranged from 95.25 to 109.75%, and the precision was ranged from 2.81 to 7.72%. The recoveries measured at 3 concentration levels (20, 250, and 500 ng mL-1) were higher than 98%. The method described above is efficient, and has the required accuracy and precision for rapid determination of tulathromycin in plasma. The method was applied to study the pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin in swine, and tulathromycin demonstrated a rapid absorption, wide distribution, and slow elimination after intramuscular administration.
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