Ca²⁺离子在维持细胞壁以及细胞膜的完整性中具有重要作用，是植物生长和发育中必不可少的矿质营养元素之一。解析Ca²⁺离子在糖代谢和脂代谢中的作用能够为理解棉花纤维快速伸长阶段细胞膜和细胞壁的动态变化提供有意义的参考。本研究利用胚珠培养系统发现缺Ca²⁺会促进纤维和胚珠细胞的膨大，但同时也会诱导组织的褐化。RNA-seq差异表达基因分析发现缺Ca²⁺使细胞处于一个较高的氧化态，并且激活与糖代谢和脂代谢相关的基因的表达。尤其以糖酵解途径变化最为显著，其代谢途径中的9个酶相关的基因上调表达，缺Ca²⁺处理细胞中的葡萄糖含量显著下降，改变了糖酵解途径的流动。低K⁺能够恢复缺Ca²⁺诱导糖酵解途径相关基因的表达以及葡萄糖的含量。采用电喷雾电离串联质谱技术检测了不同Ca²⁺、K⁺离子处理条件下细胞中脂质组成分的动态变化。缺Ca²⁺处理细胞中自由脂肪酸（FA）、二酰甘油（DAG）和糖脂含量降低，三酰甘油（DAG）磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）、磷脂酰甘油（PG）、磷脂酰胆碱（PC）含量增加。低K⁺与缺Ca²⁺的互作信号能够恢复FA、磷脂、糖脂含量至正常水平，有效缓解缺Ca²⁺效应。本研究通过在转录和代谢水平的比较分析，揭示了Ca²⁺和K⁺信号互作在维持纤维快速伸长过程中糖酵解和脂代谢中发挥着重要作用。

次生代谢物质与植物的营养品质和保健功能密切相关。本研究首次收集了国内23个野生石榴和27个栽培石榴的成熟果实，比较分析了不同种质石榴果皮和果汁中黄酮和鞣质的含量差异，并采用液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法（LC-ESI-MS/MS）法测定了果汁高黄酮种质‘则拉4’果皮（ZLP）和果汁（ZLZ）中的次生代谢物质。方差分析（P<0.05）表明，不同石榴种质间的黄酮和鞣质含量存在显著差异。Pearson相关分析表明，影响石榴黄酮和鞣质含量的主要环境因子是纬度和海拔。本研究在‘则拉4’果皮和果汁中共鉴定出279种次生代谢物质，其中227种次生代谢物首次在石榴中发现。通过正交偏最小二乘判别分析法，在ZLP和ZLZ中筛选出了90种差异代谢物。本研究还筛选了8种特异性种质资源（果皮高黄酮，‘军拥3’；果皮低黄酮，‘胭脂红’；果汁高黄酮，‘则拉4’；果汁低黄酮，‘豫大籽’，果皮高鞣质，‘军拥4’，果皮低鞣质，‘安巴1’，果汁高鞣质，‘叶巴1’，果汁低鞣质，‘白花玉石籽’。本研究结果可为我国野生石榴资源的开发利用和石榴育种提供参考。

温度和水分是影响水稻产量和品质形成的重要因子，灌浆结实期适度的干旱能够有效的缓解高温胁迫对水稻造成的伤害，但有关其淀粉合成的调控机理尚不清楚。为探明灌浆结实期高温与干旱对水稻淀粉合成的影响及其生理机制，本试验研究了4个不同处理下（对照（CK）、高温（HT）、适度干旱（WS）、高温干旱（HT+WS））常规粳稻淀粉相关酶活性及其基因的表达水平。结果表明高温和干旱对籽粒灌浆的影响主要发生在弱势粒中，并通过调节参与淀粉合成相关酶活性及其主效基因的表达水平，进而影响稻米淀粉的合成。高温和干旱有拮抗作用，适度干旱能够改善高温对稻米品质的影响。

为了阐明海河平原冬小麦春季限制灌溉的最佳时期及其对旗叶衰老和产量形成的影响，2016年至2019年，研究组在河北农业大学辛集试验站进行了不同灌溉模式的田间试验，试验包括两种灌溉模式：对照（CK，分别在3叶展开期和开花期浇水）和单一限制灌溉（SRI），后者又包括3叶展开期（3LI）、4叶展开期（4LI）、5叶展开期（5LI）和6叶展开期（6LI）灌溉。结果表明：（1）与对照相比，4LI处理组在一定程度上衰老进程（用绿叶面积表示）提前，而5LI和6LI处理组之间的差异不显著，衰老发生明显晚于3LI处理组；（2）与其他SRI处理组相比，4LI处理组的GLA值和光合速率分别提高了14.82%和20.1%。旗叶显微结构分析还表明，干旱胁迫下3LI和6LI处理组的叶肉细胞和叶绿体排列不规则，但这种胁迫对4LI和5LI处理组的微观结构的负面影响很小；（3）春季延迟灌溉在籽粒灌浆前期可显著增加超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性，随后酶的活性逐渐降低。在4个SRI处理组中，4LI处理组的总酶活性最高，4LI和5LI处理组的旗叶MDA含量平均比3LI和6LI处理组的MDA含量低14.5%；（4） 可溶性糖（SS）和脯氨酸（Pro）含量以4LI处理组最高，但低于CK组。4LI和5LI处理组的ABA激素含量低于3LI和6LI处理组，说明4LI和5LI处理组遭受的干旱胁迫程度较小；（5）在两个生长季，4LI处理组的单位面积穗数较多（比5LI和6LI处理组高13.4%），且千粒重最高（比其他三种SRI处理组高6.0%）。因此，4LI处理组的冬小麦产量在四个SRI处理组中最高。综合分析，建议4LI处理组（即在春季4叶期进行一次灌水）能有效延缓旗叶衰老进程，并使冬小麦保持相对较高的产量。

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB, yellow shoot disease) is one of the most serious citrus diseases worldwide.  To better improve the detection sensitivity, a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay was developed for the rapid detection of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (Las), the putative causal agent of HLB.  The detection of sensitivity comparison using positive plasmid indicated that ddPCR was superior to quantitative PCR (qPCR) for detecting and quantifying Las at low concentrations.  The Las detection of 40 field samples also showed that six of 13 asymptomatic samples (46.15%) with high C_t value (>35) were positive by ddPCR.  This methodology showed great potential for early HLB infection diagnosis.

    A primary cDNA library of Aspergillus niger H1 was constructed using the switching mechanism at the 5´ end of the RNA transcript (SMART) technique. A total of 169 clones exhibited halos when grown on tricalcium phosphate medium, and the H-46 clone displayed a clear halo. The full-length cDNA of the clone H-46 clone was 1 407 bp in length with a complete open reading frame (ORF) of 816 bp, and it encoded a protein that contained 272 amino acids. Multiple alignment analysis revealed a high degree of homology between the ORFs of the H-46 clone and the Bax inhibitor family (BI-1-like) proteins of other fungi. Acetic acid was secreted by Escherichia coli DH5α that express the BI-1-like gene. The level attained was 492.52 mg L⁻¹, which was associated with the release of 0.212 mg mL⁻¹ of soluble phosphate at 28 h. These results showed that the heterologous expression of BI-1-like genes in Eschericha coli DH5α increased the secretion of acetic acid by altering the membrane permeability and enhancing the solubility of phosphate (P).

Bulk-SSR method was used to analyze the genetic diversity of 44 open-pollinated varieties collected from Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, and Jilin provinces and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China using 70 pairs of SSR primers. The purposes of this study were to (1) compare the genetic diversity among 44 Chinese maize open-pollinated varieties; (2) estimate the minimum number of alleles for construction of a stable dendrogram; and (3) trace the genetic relationships among local germplasm from different regions of China. In total, these 70 SSR primers yielded 292 alleles in 176 samples (4×44) analyzed. The number of alleles per locus was 4.17 on average and ranged from 2 to 8. The highest number of alleles per open-pollinated variety (55.25) was detected in Shanxi germplasm, which indicated that open-pollinated varieties from Shanxi possessed the largest genetic diversity among those from the five locations. The correlation coefficients between different genetic similarity matrices suggested that 200 alleles were sufficient for analysis of the genetic diversity of these 44 open-pollinated varieties. The cluster analysis showed that 44 open-pollinated varieties collected from three growing regions in China were accurately classified into three groups that were highly consistent with their geographic origins, and there is no correlation between GS and geographic distance in this study.

Shepherd’s purse seeds were collected from winter wheat fields and road sides in Hebei Province, China. Their sensitivitiesto tribenuron-methyl were evaluated in a whole plant dose response assay in the greenhouse. Results revealed that HB-1, HB-2, HB-3, HB-4, HB-6, HB-7, HB-17, HB-18, HB-19, HB-20, HB-21, and HB-22 populations were susceptible to tribenuronmethylcharacterised by very low GR50 values of about 0.10 g a.i. ha-1. On the other hand, populations HB-15 and HB-16had moderate resistance to tribenuron-methyl with resistance indices (RI) ranging from 10-100 folds, whilst populationsHB-5, HB-8, HB-9, HB-10, HB-11, HB-12, HB-13, and HB-14 expressed high level of resistance to tribenuron-methyl withresistance indices over 100. The proportion of moderate resistance level was about 9.09%, and that of high resistance wasabout 36.36%.