大蒜中有机硫化合物及其分析方法

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.18.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大蒜是在我国广泛种植和食用的农产品,具有抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种营养健康功能。这些主要得益于大蒜中的有机硫化合物,包括蒜氨酸等风味前体化合物、大蒜素等硫代亚磺酸酯和大蒜烯等硫醚类挥发性化合物等。这些有机硫化合物或各自具有其生物活性,或多种化合物相互协同,共同产生同一种生理功效。但有机硫化合物普遍具有易酶解或稳定性差等特点,且不同类别有机硫化合物的化学性质差异也较大,目前对大蒜中有机硫化合物的分析方法仍然存在局限性,现有报道多是对某类化合物进行总量测定,或是针对个别化合物进行测定,尚未有研究对大蒜中的有机硫化合物进行全面系统的分析。因此,本研究分别对大蒜中主要风味前体化合物、硫代亚磺酸酯和硫醚类挥发性化合物的分析方法进行了分类讨论和综述,包括其样品前处理方法和检测方法。

关键词: 大蒜, 有机硫化合物, 分析方法, 特征性营养成分

Abstract:

Garlic is a kind of widely planted agricultural product in China, which has plenty of nutritional and healthy functions, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidation. These functions are mainly attributed to the organic sulfur compounds, including the flavor precursors, thiosulfinates and thioether volatile compounds. The organic sulfur compounds either have its own biological activities, or multiple compounds work together to produce the same physiological effect. However, considering the poor stability and property diversity of the organic sulfur compounds, the analysis of organic sulfur compounds remains a big challenge. Existing reports are mainly on the determination of several compounds or one group of compounds, and there has been no comprehensive analysis of the organic sulfur compounds in garlic yet. Therefore, in the present review, the analysis methods of the main flavor precursors, thiosulfinates and thioether volatile compounds in garlic were separately discussed and summarized, including the sample pretreatment and detection methods.

Key words: garlic, organic sulfur compounds, analytical methods, nutritional ingredient

翁瑞,盛晓婧,刘平香,张继光,邱静,钱永忠. 大蒜中有机硫化合物及其分析方法[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(18): 3199-3206.

WENG Rui,SHENG XiaoJing,LIU PingXiang,ZHANG JiGuang,QIU Jing,QIAN YongZhong. Analytical Methods of the Organic Sulfur Compounds in Garlic[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(18): 3199-3206.

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https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2019/V52/I18/3199

图/表 2

表1

大蒜中的有机硫化合物"

类别 Category	名称 Name	CAS号 CAS number
风味前体化合物 Flavor precursor	蒜氨酸 Alliin	556-27-4
	甲基蒜氨酸 Methiin	32726-14-0
	异蒜氨酸 Isoalliin	23315-20-0
	环蒜氨酸 Cycloalliin	455-41-4
	S-甲基-L-半胱氨酸 S-Methyl-L-cysteine (SMC)	1187-84-4
	S-丙烯基-L-半胱氨酸 S-(trans-1-Propenyl)-L-cysteine (SPC)	-
	S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸 S-Allyl-L-cysteine (SAC)	21593-77-1
	γ-L-谷氨酰-S-甲基-L-半胱氨酸 γ-L-Glutamyl-S-methyl-L-cysteine (GSMC)	-
	γ-L-谷氨酰-S-丙烯基-L-半胱氨酸 γ-L-Glutamyl-S-(trans-1-propenyl)-L-cysteine (GSPC)	-
	γ-L-谷氨酰-S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸 γ-L-Glutamyl-S-allyl-L-cysteine (GSAC)	91216-95-4
	γ-谷氨酸-半胱氨酸 γ-Glutamyl cycteine	636-58-8
硫代亚磺酸酯 Thiosulfinate	γ-谷氨酰-S-甲基-L-半胱氨酸亚砜 γ-Glutamyl-S-methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide	-
	γ-谷氨酰-S-丙烯基-L-半胱氨酸亚砜 γ-Glutamyl-S-(1-propenyl)-L-cysteine sulfoxide	-
	γ-谷氨酰-S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸亚砜 γ-Glutamyl-S-allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide	-
	甲基烯丙基硫代亚磺酸酯 Methyl allyl thiosulfinate	-
	甲基丙烯基硫代亚磺酸酯 Methyl propenyl thiosulfinate	-
	丙烯基甲基硫代亚磺酸酯 Propenyl methyl thiosulfinate	-
	丙烯基烯丙基硫代亚磺酸酯 Propenyl allyl thiosulfinate	-
	烯丙基甲基硫代亚磺酸酯 Allyl methyl thiosulfinate	-
	烯丙基丙烯基硫代亚磺酸酯 Allyl propenyl thiosulfinate	-
	二甲基硫代亚磺酸酯 Dimethyl thiosulfinate	13882-12-7
	二丙烯基硫代亚磺酸酯 Dipropenyl thiosulfinate	-
	二烯丙基硫代亚磺酸酯（大蒜素） Diallyl thiosulfinate (Allicin)	539-86-6
硫醚类挥发性有机硫化合物 Thioether volatile compound	烯丙基甲基一硫化物 Allyl methvl sulfide (AMS)	10152-76-8
	烯丙基甲基二硫化物 Allyl methyl disulfide (AMD)	2179-58-0
	烯丙基甲基三硫化物 Allyl methyl trisulfide (MATS)	34135-85-8
	烯丙基甲基四硫化物 Allyl methyl tetrasulfide (MATTS)	-
	二烯丙基一硫化物 Diallyl sulfide (DAS)	592-88-1
	二烯丙基二硫化物 Diallyl disulfide (DADS)	2179-57-9
	二烯丙基三硫化物（大蒜新素） Diallyl trisulfide (DATS)	2050-87-5
	二烯丙基四硫化物 Diallyl tetrasulfide (DATTS)	2444-49-7
	二甲基一硫化物 Methyl sulfide (DMS)	75-18-3
	二甲基二硫化物 Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS)	624-92-0
	二甲基三硫化物 Dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS)	3658-80-8
	二丙基二硫化物 Propyl disulfide (DPDS)	629-19-6
	甲基丙基二硫化物 Methyl propyl disulfide (PMDS)	2179-60-4
	二苯基二硫化物 Diphenyl disulphide	882-33-7
	E-阿霍烯 E-Ajoene	92285-01-3
	Z-阿霍烯 Z-Ajoene	92285-00-2
	2-乙烯基-4H-l,3-二噻烯 2-Vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiin	80028-57-5
	3-乙烯基-4H-1,2-二噻烯 3-Vinyl-4H-1,2-dithiin	62488-53-3

表1

图1

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