家蚕安全转基因技术研究现状与展望

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.02.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 转基因技术是实现基因功能研究和生物遗传改良的重要工具。转基因生物安全问题主要包括转基因操作技术安全与转基因产品安全这两个方面。近年来业内对转基因生物的安全性研究主要集中于转基因农作物、水生动物和家禽、家畜等大型动物在医药、农业和食品工业等领域的安全评估，而对于具有重要科研与经济价值的农业昆虫安全转基因技术研究的报道则较为有限，而且农业部至今未有转基因昆虫安全性评估的先例。家蚕（Bombyx mori）是重要的鳞翅目模式昆虫和农业经济昆虫，家蚕安全转基因技术的深入研究对于促进基础遗传学发展和推动蚕丝产业发展均具有重要价值和意义。自2000年第一例转基因家蚕建立以来，转基因技术已广泛应用于家蚕基因功能鉴定的基础研究和品种改良的应用研究领域，但转基因家蚕的安全性问题却成了限制转基因家蚕实用化应用的主要瓶颈。因此，开展家蚕安全转基因技术体系研究对促进转基因家蚕安全性评估和产业化具有重要意义。本文系统地概述了基于条件基因打靶的家蚕安全转基因技术体系的建立与研究现状，讨论了家蚕安全转基因技术的发展趋势和应用前景，以期为转基因动物特别是农业转基因昆虫的安全转基因技术建立和完善提供参考。

关键词: 家蚕, 生物安全, 安全转基因技术, 位点特异性重组, 标记基因删除, 基因定点修饰

Abstract: Transgenic technology is an important tool for gene function analysis and genetic improvement of biological variety.At present, the safety problems of GMOs mainly focus on the safety of genetic manipulation techniques and genetically modified products. In recent years, the researches on the safety of GMOs werefocused on evaluating the security level of genetically modified crops, aquatic animals and poultry, livestock and other large animals in medicine, agriculture, and food industry, but the reports of the safety of genetic manipulation techniquesare still rare in the agricultural insects which have important scientific and economic value, and the Ministry of Agriculture has not yet set a precedent for the safety assessment of transgenic insects. The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is an important mode lepidopteran and economic insect for agriculture. In-depth research on the safety of transgenic technologies of B. mori, which has important value and significance for promoting the development of basic genetics and silk industry. Since the first report of the germline transformation of the B. mori using a piggyBac transposon-derived vector in 2000, transgenic technology has been widely used in the basic research of gene function identification and the applied research of creating new varieties with specific gene differences in B. mori. But the safety problems of transgenic B. mori have become the key problems that hindering the practical application of transgenic B. mori. Therefore, doing research on the safety of transgenic technologies of B. mori is of great significance to promote the safety assessment and industrialization of transgenic B. mori. This paper summarizes the establishment and research status of the conditional gene targeting-based safety of transgenic technologies of B. mori, while the development trends and application prospect of these technologies in B. mori are also discussed, as well as provide references for establishing and perfecting the safety of transgenic technologies in other transgenic animals, especially the agriculture insect species.

Key words: silkworm(Bombyx mori), biosafety, safe transgenic technology, site-specific recombination, marker gene deletion, target genome editing and integration

龙定沛，郝占章，向仲怀，赵爱春. 家蚕安全转基因技术研究现状与展望[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(2): 363-373.

LONG DingPei, HAO ZhanZhang, XIANG ZhongHuai, ZHAO AiChun. Current Status of Transgenic Technologies for Safety Consideration in Silkworm (Bombyx mori) and Future Perspectives[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(2): 363-373.

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