J亚型禽白血病病毒感染琅琊鸡的排毒动态及对繁殖性能的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.23.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【背景】我国地方鸡资源丰富，J亚型禽白血病（J subtype avian leukemia，AL-J）在地方鸡种中的传播制约着地方鸡的保种、开发利用等工作的进行。【目的】通过分析J亚型禽白血病病毒（J subtype avian leukemia virus, ALV-J）阳性琅琊鸡公鸡排毒动态、ALV-J阳性琅琊鸡母鸡在开产前至自繁时的排毒动态及ALV-J对繁殖性能（受精率、孵化率、产蛋数及高峰产蛋后产蛋下降速率）的影响，为我国地方鸡品种的AL-J净化提供参考依据，助力我国地方鸡品种的保护、开发利用。【方法】对ALV-J阴、阳性琅琊鸡母鸡群体自145日龄开始，每30 d进行血液病毒分离、泄殖腔拭子P27抗原检测；ALV-J阳性公鸡群体自330日龄开始，每隔4 d进行精液病毒分离、泄殖腔拭子P27抗原检测；进行ALV-J阴、阳性公鸡精液品质、DNA损伤程度和ALV-J阴、阳性母鸡蛋品质测定，并进行ALV-J阴、阳性公母鸡配种输精试验（G1组：阳性公鸡×阳性母鸡；G2组：阳性公鸡×阴性母鸡；G3组：阴性公鸡×阳性母鸡；G4组：阴性公鸡×阴性母鸡），统计各组种蛋的受精率和孵化率。对ALV-J阴、阳母鸡群体从开产至43周龄的周均产蛋数及高峰产蛋后产蛋下降速率进行分析。【结果】 ALV-J阳性公鸡排毒动态研究表明，精液和泄殖腔拭子每次检测结果并不完全一致，部分阳性鸡仅精液或泄殖腔拭子检测为阳性，在20只阳性公鸡中有5只公鸡的精液在连续检测中呈现阴性。ALV-J阳性母鸡排毒动态结果显示，血液病毒分离检出率，205日龄最低（78.16%），325日龄最高（90.79%），265、295和325日龄呈逐步增高趋势，且295和325日龄相近。ALV-J阴、阳性鸡群血液病毒分离和泄殖腔拭子的检测结果比较说明，泄殖腔拭子检测存在较高的假阳性和漏检率。ALV-J阴、阳性公鸡常规精液品质和DNA损伤程度检测（DFI）无显著差异(P>0.05)。ALV-J阴、阳性母鸡的蛋品质测定结果显示，蛋重、哈氏单位、蛋黄重、蛋白高度等指标差异极显著（P<0.01）。蛋壳强度、蛋形指数、蛋黄颜色、蛋壳厚度指标差异不显著（P>0.05）；配种输精试验结果显示，ALV-J阳性公鸡种蛋受精率和孵化率与阴性鸡群无明显差异，ALV-J阳性母鸡种蛋的受精率和孵化率明显低于阴性鸡群，与ALV-J阳性公、母鸡种蛋受精率、孵化率无显著差异。ALV-J阴、阳性群体产蛋性能分析表明，ALV-J阳性群体开产至43周龄的周均产蛋数显著低于ALV-J阴性群体（P<0.01），ALV-J阴性群体的产蛋高峰后产蛋下降速率（0.016）低于ALV-J阳性群体（0.033）。【结论】 ALV-J阳性公鸡中鸡精液多次检测为阴性个体，在ALV-J阳性率较高的地方鸡种中可作为种公鸡使用。通过ALV-J琅琊鸡排毒动态研究结果结合自繁时间，300日龄前后为进行ALV-J血液病毒分离检测的最佳时间段。泄殖腔拭子ALV检测存在极高的假阳性和漏检率，不建议采用。ALV-J感染母鸡产蛋数显著降低，产蛋高峰后产蛋下降速率加快，并显著降低鸡蛋的蛋重、蛋黄重、蛋白高度等指标，导致受精率、孵化率降低。研究结果为琅琊种鸡的ALV-J净化方案的制定提供了数据支撑。

关键词: J亚型禽白血病病毒, 琅琊鸡, 排毒动态, 繁殖性能

Abstract:

【Background】 China is rich in local chicken resources. The spread of J subtype avian leukemia (AL-J) in local chicken breeds has restricted the conservation, development and utilization of local chickens. 【Objective】 By analyzing the infection dynamics of ALV-J positive Langya chickens rooters, the detox dynamics of ALV-J positive Langya chickens hens from pre-opening to self-propagation, and the effects of ALV-J on reproductive performance (fertilization rate, hatching rate, egg number and egg production decline rate after peak laying), this study provided a reference for the AL-J purification of local chickens and was helpful to the protection, development and utilization of local chicken breeds in China. 【Method】 For the ALV-J negative and positive Langya chicken hens, the blood virus isolation and cloacal swab P27 antigen detection were performed every 30 days starting from the 145th day of age. Starting from the age of 330 days for the ALV-J positive rooster group, the semen virus isolation and cloacal swab P27 antigen detection were performed every 4 days. The semen quality and DNA damage degree of ALV-J negative and positive roosters were determined, as well as egg quality of ALV-J negative and positive hens. The insemination test of ALV-J negative and positive male and female chickens (G1 group: positive male chicken × positive hen; G2 group: positive male × negative hen; G3 group: negative male × positive hen; G4 group: negative male chicken × negative hen) was carried out, and the fertilization rate and hatching rate of each group of eggs were counted. The average number of eggs laid per week from the start of laying to 43 weeks of age in ALV-J negative and positive hen groups as well as the egg production decline rate after peak egg production were analyzed. 【Result】 Studies on the detox dynamics of ALV-J positive roosters showed that semen and cloacal swabs were not completely consistent each test, with some positive chickens testing positive only in semen or cloacal swabs, and five out of 20 positive cocks testing negative in consecutive tests. The detox dynamic results of ALV-J positive hens showed that the isolation and detection rate of blood virus was the lowest at 205 days (78.16%) and the highest at 325 days (90.79%), and gradually increased at 265, 295 and 325 days, and was similar at 295 and 325 days. Comparison results of the blood virus isolation and cloacal swab detection of ALV-J negative and ALV-positive chicken flocks showed that cloacal swab detection had a high false positive and missed detection rate. There was no significant difference in routine semen quality and DNA damage detection (DFI) between ALV-J negative and ALV-J positive roosters (P>0.05). The egg quality measurement results of ALV-J negative and ALV-J positive hens showed that there were extremely significant differences in egg weight, Hastelloy units, yolk weight, and albumen height (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in eggshell strength, egg shape index, egg yolk color, and eggshell thickness (P>0.05). The results of the breeding insemination experiment showed that there was no significant difference in the fertilization rate and hatchability of ALV-J-positive male eggs from those of negative chickens. The fertilization rate and hatching rate of chicken eggs were significantly lower than those of negative chickens, and there was no significant difference in the fertilization rate and hatching rate of ALV-J positive male and female chicken eggs. Analysis of the egg production performance of ALV-J negative and positive groups showed that the average number of eggs laid per week from the beginning of laying to 43 weeks of age in the ALV-J positive group was significantly lower than that in the ALV-J negative group (P<0.01). The egg production decline rate after the egg production peak (0.016) was lower than that of the ALV-J positive group (0.033). 【Conclusion】 The semen of ALV-J positive rooters has been tested negative for many times, which could be used as breeding roosters in local chicken breeds with high ALV-J positive rate. According to the results of ALV-J detox dynamic study of ALV-J infection in Langya chickens combined with self-propagation time, the best time period for ALV-J blood virus isolation and detection was around 300 days of hen age. Cloacal swab ALV testing had extremely high false positive and missed detection rates and was not recommended. ALV-J infected hens significantly reduced the number of eggs laid, the decline rate of egg production accelerated after the peak laying, and significantly reduced egg weight, yolk weight, protein height and other indicators, leading to a decrease in fertilization rate and hatching rate. The research results provided data support for the formulation of ALV-J purification plan for Langya breeder chickens.

Key words: J subtype avian leukemia virus, Langya chicken, detox dynamics, reproductive performance

张会永, 武琥琮, 朱国强, 李国辉, 俞燕, 殷建玫, 薛倩, 周成浩, 蒋一秀, 苏一军, 黄华云, 韩威. J亚型禽白血病病毒感染琅琊鸡的排毒动态及对繁殖性能的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2024, 57(23): 4815-4824.

ZHANG HuiYong, WU HuCong, ZHU GuoQiang, LI GuoHui, YU Yan, YIN JianMei, XUE Qian, ZHOU ChengHao, JIANG YiXiu, SU YiJun, HUANG HuaYun, HAN Wei. Detox Dynamics and Reproductive Performance of Langya Chickens Infected with ALV-J[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(23): 4815-4824.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.23.018

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2024/V57/I23/4815

图/表 10

图1

表1

表2

表3

图2

图3

表4

表5

表6

表7

参考文献 32

[1]	BENSON S J, RUIS B L, FADLY A M, CONKLIN K F. The unique envelope gene of the subgroup J avian leukosis virus derives from ev/J proviruses, a novel family of avian endogenous viruses. Journal of Virology, 1998, 72(12): 10157-10164. doi: 10.1128/JVI.72.12.10157-10164.1998 pmid: 9811756
[2]	SMITH L M, TOYE A A, HOWES K, BUMSTEAD N, PAYNE L N, VENUGOPAL K. Novel endogenous retroviral sequences in the chicken genome closely related to HPRS-103 (subgroup J) avian leukosis virus. Journal of General Virology, 1999, 80(1): 261-268.
[3]	PAYNE L N, BROWN S R, BUMSTEAD N, HOWES K, FRAZIER J A, THOULESS M E. A novel subgroup of exogenous avian leukosis virus in chickens. The Journal of General Virology, 1991, 72 ( Pt 4): 801-807.
[4]	WANG P K, LIN L L, SHI M Y, LI H J, GU Z M, LI M, GAO Y L, TENG H, MO M L, WEI T C, WEI P. Vertical transmission of ALV from ALV-J positive parents caused severe immunosuppression and significantly reduced Marek’s disease vaccine efficacy in three-yellow chickens. Veterinary Microbiology, 2020, 244: 108683.
[5]	LIN Y, XIA J, ZHAO Y, WANG F Y, YU S C, ZOU N L, WEN X T, CAO S J, HUANG Y. Reproduction of hemangioma by infection with subgroup J avian leukosis virus: the vertical transmission is more hazardous than the horizontal way. Virology Journal, 2013, 10: 97. doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-10-97 pmid: 23537218
[6]	XU B R, DONG W X, YU C M, HE Z Q, LV Y L, SUN Y Z, FENG X Y, LI N, LEE L F, LI M X. Occurrence of avian leukosis virus subgroup J in commercial layer flocks in China. Avian Pathology: Journal of the W V P A, 2004, 33(1): 13-17.
[7]	MA M G, YU M M, CHANG F F, XING L X, BAO Y L, WANG S Y, FAROOQUE M, LI X Y, LIU P, CHEN Y T, et al. Molecular characterization of avian leukosis virus subgroup J in Chinese local chickens between 2013 and 2018. Poultry Science, 2020, 99(11): 5286-5296.
[8]	杨荣坤, 许青荣, 崔卫涛, 肖运才, 李自力, 周祖涛. 地方鸡禽白血病病毒感染调查及主要流行亚群分析. 华中农业大学学报, 2020, 39(3): 89-93.
	YANG R K, XU Q R, CUI W T, XIAO Y C, LI Z L, ZHOU Z T. Investigation of avian leukosis virus infection and analysis of main epidemic subgroups in indigenous chicken. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University, 2020, 39(3): 89-93. (in Chinese)
[9]	倪征, 陈柳, 汤傲星, 唐井玉, 云涛, 刘光清, 张存. 浙江省地方品种鸡白血病J亚群感染调查及遗传进化分析. 农业生物技术学报, 2021, 29(12): 2320-2327.
	NI Z, CHEN L, TANG A X, TANG J Y, YUN T, LIU G Q, ZHANG C. Investigation on infection and genetic evolution analysis of avian leukemia subgroup J in the local breed chicken of Zhejiang Province. Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology, 2021, 29(12): 2320-2327. (in Chinese)
[10]	MENG F F, LI Q C, ZHANG Y W, ZHANG Z H, TIAN S B, CUI Z Z, CHANG S, ZHAO P. Characterization of subgroup J avian Leukosis virus isolated from Chinese indigenous chickens. Virology Journal, 2018, 15(1): 33.
[11]	JING W F, ZHOU J R, WANG C Y, QIU J H, GUO H J, LI H M. Preparation of the secretory recombinant ALV-J gp85 protein using Pichia pastoris and its immunoprotection as vaccine antigen combining with CpG-ODN adjuvant. Viral Immunology, 2018, 31(6): 407-416.
[12]	KOSLOVÁ A, TREFIL P, MUCKSOVÁ J, REINIŠOVÁ M, PLACHÝ J, KALINA J, KUČEROVÁ D, GERYK J, KRCHLÍKOVÁ V, LEJČKOVÁ B, HEJNAR J. Precise CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the NHE1 gene renders chickens resistant to the J subgroup of avian leukosis virus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020, 117(4): 2108-2112.
[13]	KHEIMAR A, KLINGER R, BERTZBACH L D, SID H, YU Y, CONRADIE A M, SCHADE B, BÖHM B, PREISINGER R, NAIR V, KAUFER B B, SCHUSSER B. A genetically engineered commercial chicken line is resistant to highly pathogenic avian leukosis virus subgroup J. Microorganisms, 2021, 9(5): 1066.
[14]	俞燕, 朱鸿媛, 高明燕, 范建华, 龚建森, 刘学贤, 徐步, 崔治中. 地方鸡种禽白血病病毒感染动态及检测方法比较. 中国家禽, 2014, 36(8): 23-26.
	YU Y, ZHU H Y, GAO M Y, FAN J H, GONG J S, LIU X X, XU B, CUI Z Z. Dynamic change and different detection methods for avian leukosis virus in indigenous chickens during brooding and rearing periods. China Poultry, 2014, 36(8): 23-26. (in Chinese)
[15]	LI Y, CUI S, LI W H, WANG Y X, CUI Z Z, ZHAO P, CHANG S. Vertical transmission of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) from hens infected through artificial insemination with ALV-J infected semen. BMC Veterinary Research, 2017, 13(1): 204.
[16]	刘红波. 广东ALV-J的分离鉴定和麻鸡自然感染ALV后排毒动态的研究[D]. 广州: 华南农业大学, 2011.
	LIU H B. Isolation and identification of ALV-J in Guangdong and dynamics of viremia and antibody responses in Chinese local breeds naturally infected with ALV[D]. Guangzhou: South China Agricultural University, 2011. (in Chinese)
[17]	LIAO L Q, CHEN W G, ZHANG X Y, ZHANG H M, LI A J, YAN Y M, XIE Z, LI H X, LIN W C, MA J Y, ZHANG X H, XIE Q M. Semen extracellular vesicles mediate vertical transmission of subgroup J avian leukosis virus. Virologica Sinica, 2022, 37(2): 284-294. doi: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.01.026 pmid: 35527223
[18]	饶明章, 袁丽霞, 赵子君, 张杰, 李锦群, 廖明, 曹伟胜. 黄羽祖代公鸡精液作为禽白血病净化检测材料的应用研究. 畜牧兽医学报, 2017, 48(1): 124-131.
	RAO M Z, YUAN L X, ZHAO Z J, ZHANG J, LI J Q, LIAO M, CAO W S. Applied research of yellow feather grandparent roosters Semen as test sample in avian leukosis eradication program. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2017, 48(1): 124-131. (in Chinese)
[19]	李凯航, 刘健, 杨显超, 赵鹏, 卫龙兴, 李鑫, 杨德全, 陶田谷晟, 周锦萍. 禽白血病净化检测中不同样品应用的比较. 中国动物检疫, 2021, 38(9): 77-81.
	LI K H, LIU J, YANG X C, ZHAO P, WEI L X, LI X, YANG D Q, TAO T, ZHOU J P. Comparative analysis on the application of different samples in purification and detection of avian leukemia. China Animal Health Inspection, 2021, 38(9): 77-81. (in Chinese)
[20]	YANG N, WU C, MCMILLAN I. New mathematical model of poultry egg production. Poultry Science, 1989, 68(4): 476-481.
[21]	俞燕, 徐步, 范建华, 高明燕, 张笛, 沈海玉, 孔祥伟, 孟凡峰, 韦玉勇, 龚建森, 戴有理, 孙淑红, 崔治中. 种公鸡精液禽白血病病毒检测方法研究及初步应用. 中国家禽, 2015, 37(22): 14-19.
	YU Y, XU B, FAN J H, GAO M Y, ZHANG D, SHEN H Y, KONG X W, MENG F F, WEI Y Y, GONG J S, DAI Y L, SUN S H, CUI Z Z. Comparison and preliminary application of detection methods for avian leukosis virus in breeder cocks’ semen. China Poultry, 2015, 37(22): 14-19. (in Chinese)
[22]	俞燕, 周生, 李建梅, 高明燕, 程旭, 姜逸, 赵秀美, 徐步. A、B、J和K亚群禽白血病病毒多重PCR检测方法的建立及应用. 中国预防兽医学报, 2020, 42(5): 462-468.
	YU Y, ZHOU S, LI J M, GAO M Y, CHENG X, JIANG Y, ZHAO X M, XU B. Establishment and application of multiple PCR for detection of avian leukosis viruses subgroup A, B, J and K. Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 42(5): 462-468. (in Chinese)
[23]	孙艳发, 吴琼, 林如龙, 陈红萍, 甘秋云, 沈玥, 王亚茹, 薛鹏飞, 陈飞帆, 刘健涛, 周陈鑫, 兰诗诗, 潘浩哲, 邓凡, 岳稳, 江宵兵, 李焰. 龙岩山麻鸭蛋品质性状的全基因组关联研究. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(3): 572-586. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.03.014
	SUN Y F, WU Q, LIN R L, CHEN H P, GAN Q Y, SHEN Y, WANG Y R, XUE P F, CHEN F F, LIU J T, ZHOU C X, LAN S S, PAN H Z, DENG F, YUE W, JIANG X B, LI Y. Genome-wide association study of egg quality traits in Longyan Shanma duck. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(3): 572-586. (in Chinese)
[24]	郭军, 曲亮, 邵丹, 窦套存, 王强, 李永峰, 王星果, 胡玉萍, 童海兵. 基于机器学习的地方鸡产蛋曲线拟合探索. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(8): 3428-3437. doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.08.021
	GUO J, QU L, SHAO D, DOU T C, WANG Q, LI Y F, WANG X G, HU Y P, TONG H B. Exploration of egg production curve fitting of local chickens based on machine learning. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(8): 3428-3437. (in Chinese)
[25]	KAMAR G A R. The influence of semen characteristics on hatching results of chicken eggs. Poultry Science, 1960, 39(1): 188-192.
[26]	BOWLING E R, FROMAN D P, DAVIS A J, WILSON J L. Attributes of broiler breeder males characterized by low and high sperm mobility. Poultry Science, 2003, 82(11): 1796-1801. pmid: 14653476
[27]	刘聪, 张宾宾, 祝廷奇, 杜振伟, 邓乐坤, 孙桂荣, 王春秀. “豫粉1号H系” 公鸡精液品质与繁殖性能相关性研究. 中国家禽, 2022, 44(9): 8-12.
	LIU C, ZHANG B B, ZHU T Q, DU Z W, DENG L K, SUN G R, WANG C X. Correlation analysis on semen quality and reproductive performance of “Yufen No.1 H-line” roosters. China Poultry, 2022, 44(9): 8-12. (in Chinese)
[28]	MURUGESAN S. Semen quality of breeder male chicken infected with avian leukosis virus. Indian Journal of Poultry ence, 2013, 48(3): 393-395.
[29]	MCQUEEN D B, ZHANG J, ROBINS J C. Sperm DNA fragmentation and recurrent pregnancy loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertility and Sterility, 2019, 112(1): 54-60.e3. doi: S0015-0282(19)30246-8 pmid: 31056315
[30]	MATEO-OTERO Y, LLAVANERA M, RECUERO S, DELGADO- BERMÚDEZ A, BARRANCO I, RIBAS-MAYNOU J, YESTE M. Sperm DNA damage compromises embryo development, but not oocyte fertilisation in pigs. Biological Research, 2022, 55(1): 15.
[31]	SPANÒ M, BONDE J P, HJØLLUND H I, KOLSTAD H A, CORDELLI E, LETER G. Sperm chromatin damage impairs human fertility. The Danish First Pregnancy Planner Study Team. Fertility and Sterility, 2000, 73(1): 43-50. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(99)00462-8 pmid: 10632410
[32]	EVENSON D P, WIXON R. Clinical aspects of sperm DNA fragmentation detection and male infertility. Theriogenology, 2006, 65(5): 979-991. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.09.011 pmid: 16242181

批 Batch	检测样品 Test sample	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20
1	精液 Semen	—	—	+	—	+	+	—	—	—	+	—	+	—	—	—	+	—	+	+	—
1	泄殖腔拭子 Cloacal swab	+	+	+	—	+	+	—	+	—	—	+	+	—	+	+	+	+	+	+	—
2	精液 Semen	+	—	+	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	+	—	—	—	+	+	+	+	+
2	泄殖腔拭子 Cloacal swab	+	+	+	—	—	+	—	+	+	—	+	+	—	+	—	+	+	+	+	—
3	精液 Semen	+	—	+	—	—	+	—	—	—	—	+	+	—	+	—	+	+	—	+	—
3	泄殖腔拭子 Cloacal swab	+	+	+	—	—	+	—	+	—	—	+	+	—	—	+	+	+	+	+	—
4	精液 Smen	+	—	+	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	+	—	+	—	+	+	—	+	—
4	泄殖腔拭子 Cloacal swab	+	+	+	—	—	+	—	+	+	—	+	+	—	+	—	+	+	+	+	—
5	精液 Semen	+	—	+	—	—	+	—	+	—	—	+	+	—	+	—	+	+	+	+	+
5	泄殖腔拭子 Cloacal swab	+	+	+	—	—	+	—	+	+	—	+	+	—	+	—	+	+	+	+	—

检测日龄 Detection age (d)	A组 Group A					B组 Group B
	病毒分离 Virus separation			泄殖腔拭子 Cloacal swab		病毒分离 Virus separation			泄殖腔拭子 Cloacal swab
	检测数量 Number of tests	阳性个体 Positive individual	检出率 Detection rate (%)	阳性个体 Positive individual	检出率 Detection rate (%)	检测数量 Number of tests	阳性个体 Positive individual	检出率 Detection rate (%)	阳性个体 Positive individual	检出率 Detection rate (%)
145	90	1	1.11	16	17.78	90	76	84.44	87	96.67
175	90	1	1.11	14	15.56	90	78	86.67	81	90.00
205	88	1	1.14	13	14.77	87	68	78.16	79	90.80
235	88	1	1.14	15	17.04	84	72	85.71	69	82.14
265	87	0	0	13	14.94	82	73	89.02	67	81.70
295	87	0	0	16	18.39	78	70	89.74	65	83.33
325	86	0	0	16	18.39	76	69	90.79	64	84.21

	检测指标 Detection indicator	ALV-J阴性公鸡 ALV-J negative roosters	ALV-J 阳性公鸡 ALV-J positive roosters	P值 P value
精液品质 Semen quality	活率 Live sperms (%)	82.63±4.77	82.59±5.12	0.989
	活力率 Sperm motility (%)	70.06±9.09	71.05±9.38	0.837
	直线速率 Straight-line velocity (μm·s^-1)	20.02±1.71	21.16±1.38	0.066
	曲线速率 Curvilinear velocity (μm·s^-1)	56.26±4.50	56.70±4.49	0.803
	平均路径速度 Average path velocity (μm·s^-1)	39.78±3.18	40.09±3.18	0.804
	侧摆幅值 Amplitude of lateral head displacement (μm)	16.48±1.32	16.74±1.26	0.605
	摆动性 Wobble	0.97±0.01	0.96±0.02	0.087
	鞭打频率 Beat crossover frequency	0.83±0.07	0.83±0.09	0.903
	线性度 Linearity	0.36±0.01	0.37±0.02	0.053
	平均移动角度 Mean angular displacement	222.3±63.41	200.96±72.36	0.487
	前向性 Straightness	0.50±0.02	0.53±0.04	0.058
	总精子数 (亿) Total sperm count (Hundred million)	11.37±4.91	10.01±4.64	0.469
	有效精子数 (亿) Effective sperm count (Hundred million)	8.16±4.25	7.27±4.05	0.580
	原精液密度 (亿/mL) Original semen density (Hundred million/mL)	22.63±5.40	20.93±6.16	0.508
DNA损伤 DNA damage	DFI	1.63±0.75	2.01±0.97	0.305

蛋品质测定指标 Egg quality indicators	ALV-J 阴性母鸡 ALV-J negative hens	ALV-J 阳性母鸡 ALV-J positive hens	P值 P value
蛋重 Egg weight (g)	47.32±3.85	44.53±3.61	P<0.01
哈氏单位 Haugh unit	72.77±8.03	65.20±10.95	P<0.01
蛋壳强度Eggshell strength (kg·cm^-2)	4.09±1.07	4.14±1.18	0.716
蛋形指数 Egg shape index	1.35±0.07	1.35±0.06	0.680
蛋黄重 Egg yolk weight (g)	14.60±1.30	13.92±1.79	P<0.01
蛋黄颜色 Egg yolk color	6.81±1.64	6.83±1.64	0.926
蛋白高度 Albumen height (mm)	4.94±1.03	3.98±1.05	P<0.01
蛋壳厚度 Eggshell thickness（mm）	0.34±0.03	0.33±0.03	0.492

组别 Group	受精率 Fertilization rate (%)	孵化率 Hatchability (%)
G1	71.5	65.3
G2	86.9	82.1
G3	72.3	64.9
G4	87.7	81.9