全株构树青贮在务川黑牛日粮中饲用价值评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.19.016

中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (19): 4218-4228.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.19.016

• 畜牧·兽医·资源昆虫 • 上一篇下一篇

全株构树青贮在务川黑牛日粮中饲用价值评价

陈光吉^1,^2,⁴(),熊先勤^1,²(),何润霞³,田雄³,申应龙³,邹晓敏³,杨洪³,尚以顺¹,赵明坤^1,²,李小冬^1,⁴,李世歌^1,⁴,张蓉¹,舒健虹¹

¹贵州省农业科学院草业研究所,贵阳 550006
²贵州阳光草业科技有限责任公司,贵州独山 558200
³务川仡佬族苗族自治县畜牧水产服务中心,贵州务川 564399
⁴贵州鼎芯农牧科技有限公司,贵阳 550008

收稿日期:2020-08-27 接受日期:2021-04-13 出版日期:2021-10-01 发布日期:2021-10-12
通讯作者: 熊先勤
作者简介:陈光吉,Tel：15285028157;E-mail： cgjgz09@126.com。
基金资助:
贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2019]2355);贵州省科技支撑计划项目([2018]2376-1);贵州省科技支撑计划项目([2018]2259)

Evaluation of Feeding Value for Whole Broussonetia papyrifera Silage in Diet of Wuchuan Black Beef Cattle

CHEN GuangJi^1,^2,⁴(),XIONG XianQin^1,²(),HE RunXia³,TIAN Xiong³,SHEN YingLong³,ZOU XiaoMin³,YANG Hong³,SHANG YiShun¹,ZHAO MingKun^1,²,LI XiaoDong^1,⁴,LI ShiGe^1,⁴,ZHANG Rong¹,SHU JianHong¹

¹Guizhou Institute of Prataculture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006
²Guizhou Sunshine Grass Technology Co., Ltd, Dushan 558200, Guizhou
³Wuchuan Gelao and Miao Autonomous County Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Service Center, Wuchuan 564399, Guizhou
⁴Guizhou Dingxin Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd, Guiyang 550008

Received:2020-08-27 Accepted:2021-04-13 Online:2021-10-01 Published:2021-10-12
Contact: XianQin XIONG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究全株构树青贮（whole Broussonetia papyrifera silage, WBPS）对务川黑牛的饲用价值,以期为构树饲料化的合理利用提供参考依据。【方法】试验采用完全随机试验设计,将50头体重（（108.06±14.51）kg）和年龄（约9月龄）相近的务川黑牛随机分为5个处理组（A组、B组、C组、D组和E组）,每组10头牛。按处理组分别饲喂精粗比一致,含不同比例WBPS的日粮（0%、17%、41%、66%和83%）,试验期288 d。在试验开始、试验中期（第175天,第220天）和试验末期（第288天）分别测定各组采食量（DMI）、日增重（ADG）和料重比（DMI/ADG）,试验末期测定体尺、瘤胃发酵参数和胴体品质。【结果】C组和D组的ADG分别在试验第0—175、175—220、220—288天和全期均高于其他各组（P<0.05）,而DMI/ADG值较低（P<0.05）,此外,日粮因子影响了各组参试牛的ADG时间梯度变化规律：随试验期延长,A组和B组的ADG呈现显著下降趋势,而C组、D组和E组的ADG呈先上升后下降的趋势;D组的体高和体斜长增量较高,其次为C组（P<0.05）;A组和B组的瘤胃乙酸、丙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度高于其余各组,但瘤胃微生物蛋白产量以D组最高,是A组的5.27倍;试验因子对务川黑牛屠宰率和净肉率无显著影响（P>0.05）,但增加日粮中WBPS的比例降低了胴体脂肪率和肌肉剪切力（P<0.05）;对各处理组务川黑牛肌肉氨基酸组成和含量无显著差异（P>0.05）,但降低了饱和脂肪酸含量,提高了多不饱和脂肪酸含量（P<0.05）。【结论】WBPS替代全株玉米青贮作为务川黑牛日粮组成部分,具有提高务川黑牛日增重、降低料重比、提高瘤胃微生物蛋白产量、降低胴体脂肪率、改善肌肉脂肪酸组成的饲用价值。

关键词: 全株构树青贮, 饲用价值, 务川黑牛

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to explore the feeding value of whole Broussonetia papyrifera silage (WBPS) on Wuchuan black beef cattle, so as to provide a reference for rational utilization of Broussonetia papyrifera as feed.【Method】 A completely randomized trial design was used, and fifty head of black beef cattle with similar weight and age ((108.06±14.51) kg, 9 months) were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments: (A, B, C, D, and E). Each treatment had 1 replicate, with 10 steers in each replicate. Each treatment group was fed diets with the same concentrate to forage ratio () for 288 days, and the ratio of A, B, C, D, and E was 0, 17%, 41%, 66% and 83% WBPS, respectively. The dry matter intake (DMI), daily gain (ADG) and feed to weight ratio (DMI/ADG) were measured at the beginning, the middle stage (175th day and 220th day ) and the end of the experiment (288th day). The body size, rumen fermentation parameters and carcass quality were measured at the end of the experiment. 【Result】 ADG of C and D were higher than those of other groups at 0-175th day, 175-220th day, 220-288 day and the whole period (P<0.05), while DMI/ADG value was lower (P<0.05). In addition, the dietary factors affected the ADG time gradient of each group: with the prolongation of the experimental period, the ADG of A and B decreased significantly, while that of C, D and E increased firstly and then decreased. The increment of body height and oblique length of D was higher than that of other groups, and the second was group C (P<0.05). The ruminal acetic, propionic and total volatile fatty acids of A and B were higher than those of other groups, but the rumen microbial protein production of D was the highest, which was 5.27 times higher than that of A. The trial factor had no significant effect on slaughter rate and net meat rate of Wuchuan black beef cattle (P>0.05), while increasing the proportion of WBPS in the diet decreased the carcass fat percentage and muscle shear force (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the composition and content of amino acids in muscle of Wuchuan black beef cattle (P>0.05), but WBPS decreased the content of saturated fatty acids and increased the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 WBPS replacing whole plant corn silage as a dietary component of Wuchuan beef black cattle could improve daily gain, reduce feed to weight ratio, increase rumen microbial protein production, reduce carcass fat rate, and positively change muscle fatty acid composition.

Key words: Whole Broussonetia papyrifera silage, feeding value, Wuchuan beef black cattle

陈光吉,熊先勤,何润霞,田雄,申应龙,邹晓敏,杨洪,尚以顺,赵明坤,李小冬,李世歌,张蓉,舒健虹. 全株构树青贮在务川黑牛日粮中饲用价值评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(19): 4218-4228.

CHEN GuangJi,XIONG XianQin,HE RunXia,TIAN Xiong,SHEN YingLong,ZOU XiaoMin,YANG Hong,SHANG YiShun,ZHAO MingKun,LI XiaoDong,LI ShiGe,ZHANG Rong,SHU JianHong. Evaluation of Feeding Value for Whole Broussonetia papyrifera Silage in Diet of Wuchuan Black Beef Cattle[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(19): 4218-4228.

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项目 Item	青贮前 Before silage	青贮后 After silage
干物质DM（%）	23.62	21.18
粗蛋白质CP（%）	17.93	18.04
粗灰分Ash（%）	6.39	7.68
粗脂肪EE（%）	3.25	3.38
酸性洗涤纤维ADF（%）	30.69	32.71
中性洗涤纤维NDF（%）	47.64	49.65
钙Ca（%）	1.06	1.27
磷P（%）	0.197	0.211
增重净能 Net energy for gain（MJ·kg^-1）	3.64	3.72
综合净能Combined net energy（MJ·kg^-1）	5.16	5.22

项目 Item	A	B	C	D	E
玉米 Corn grain （%）	10.06	10.06	10.06	10.06	10.06
麦麸 Wheat middlings（%）	2.35	2.35	2.35	2.35	2.35
豆粕 Soybean meal（%）	2.60	2.60	2.60	2.60	2.60
玉米脱水酒精糟 DDGS（%）	1.21	1.21	1.21	1.21	1.21
碳酸钙 Calcium bicarbonate（%）	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13
磷酸氢钙 Dicalcium phosphate（%）	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13
碳酸氢钠 Sodium bicarbonate（%）	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08
食盐 Sodium chloride（%）	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13
预混料 Premix¹⁾	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06
玉米青贮 Corn silage（%）	83.23	66.17	42.12	17.06	0.00
全株构树青贮Whole Broussonetia papyrifera silage（%）	0	17.06	41.12	66.17	83.23
合计 Total	100	100	100	100	100
营养水平²⁾ Nutrient level（%）
干物质DM（%）	37.97	38.31	38.8	39.3	39.63
粗蛋白质CP（%）	10.65	11.63	13.35	15.47	17.17
粗灰分Ash（%）	4.84	4.94	5.11	5.32	5.49
粗脂肪EE（%）	3.26	3.32	3.42	3.54	3.64
酸性洗涤纤维ADF（%）	22.74	22.80	22.93	23.08	23.20
中性洗涤纤维NDF（%）	39.94	40.29	40.93	41.70	42.33
钙Ca（%）	0.50	0.58	0.73	0.92	1.06
磷P（%）	0.36	0.35	0.34	0.32	0.31
NFC/NDF值	1.03	0.99	0.91	0.81	0.73
增重净能 Net energy for gain（MJ·kg^-1）	4.90	4.82	4.71	4.60	4.53
综合净能Combined net energy（MJ·kg^-1）	6.56	6.47	6.36	6.24	6.16

试验期 Trial period	指标 Index	处理 Treatment					标准误 SEM	P
试验期 Trial period	指标 Index	A	B	C	D	E	标准误 SEM	P
0-175 d	始重 Initial BW (kg)	110.67	105.33	106.56	108.90	108.70	2.12	0.950
	末重 Final BW (kg)	207.44	207.33	205.56	215.60	200.40	3.38	0.713
	日增重 ADG (kg·d^-1)	0.55	0.58	0.57	0.61	0.52	0.01	0.441
	干物质采食量DMI (kg·d^-1)	4.20a	4.27a	3.70b	4.00ab	4.05ab	0.07	0.025
	DMI/ADG	7.60a	7.32a	6.55b	6.57b	7.72a	0.07	0.018
175-220 d	始重 Initial BW (kg)	207.44	207.33	205.56	215.60	200.40	3.38	0.713
	末重 Final BW (kg)	228.78	232.00	233.67	245.50	226.60	3.60	0.493
	日增重 ADG (kg·d^-1)	0.47d	0.55c	0.62ab	0.66a	0.58bc	0.02	0.001
	干物质采食量 DMI (kg·d^-1)	5.77a	5.70a	5.18bc	5.33ab	5.08c	0.93	0.035
	DMI/ADG	12.17a	10.40b	8.30de	8.02e	8.72cd	1.96	0.003
220-288 d	始重 Initial BW (kg)	228.78	232.00	233.67	245.50	226.60	3.40	0.493
	末重 Final BW (kg)	260.44	268.11	272.33	286.30	262.50	3.63	0.220
	日增重 ADG (kg·d^-1)	0.47c	0.53bc	0.57ab	0.60a	0.53bc	0.01	0.014
	干物质采食量 DMI (kg·d^-1)	5.57ab	5.76a	5.41b	5.59ab	5.19c	1.64	0.039
	DMI/ADG	11.96a	10.85b	9.51c	9.31c	9.83c	1.62	0.013
0-288d（全期） Whole period	始重 Initial BW (kg)	110.67	105.33	106.56	108.90	108.70	2.12	0.950
	末重 Final BW (kg)	260.44	268.11	272.33	286.30	262.50	3.63	0.220
	日增重 ADG (kg·d^-1)	0.520	0.565	0.576	0.616	0.534	0.013	0.138
	干物质采食量 DMI (kg·d^-1)	4.64a	4.72a	4.05c	4.48ab	4.39b	0.63	0.007
	DMI/ADG	8.92a	8.36ab	7.03c	7.27c	8.22b	0.82	0.004

项目 Item		处理组Treatment					标准误 SEM	P
项目 Item		A	B	C	D	E	标准误 SEM	P
试验初 Beginning of trial	体高 Body height	94.44	90.00	91.11	93.17	92.71	0.74	0.358
	体斜长Body oblique length	98.67	92.38	93.33	90.83	93.29	0.89	0.070
	胸围Chest measurement	113.78	111.25	114.11	114.33	113.14	0.93	0.898
试验末 End of trial	体高Body height	113.78	112.88	114.33	118.33	113.29	1.03	0.446
	体斜长Body oblique length	137.78	132.63	135.00	136.17	132.00	1.22	0.503
	胸围Chest measurement	156.33	155.38	160.89	158.33	154.86	1.03	0.439
体高增量 Increment of body height		19.33d	22.88b	23.22b	25.17a	20.57cd	0.99	0.035
体斜长增量 Increment of body oblique length		39.11cd	40.25bc	41.67b	45.33a	38.71d	1.07	0.046
胸围增量 Increment of chest measurement		42.56	44.13	46.78	44.67	41.71	0.79	0.412

项目 Item	处理组Treatment					标准误 SEM	P
项目 Item	A	B	C	D	E	标准误 SEM	P
pH值 pH value	6.24	6.28	6.26	6.26	6.21	0.02	0.524
挥发性脂肪酸VFAs (mmol·L^-1)
乙酸 Acetate	27.04a	20.76b	13.36c	18.08b	12.82c	0.48	0.015
丙酸 Propionate	5.94a	5.79a	3.21c	4.82b	2.95c	0.61	0.039
异丁酸 Isobutyric acid	1.12a	1.09a	0.74c	0.97a	0.74c	0.08	0.005
丁酸 Butyrate	3.41a	2.52b	1.73c	2.40b	0.99d	0.36	0.017
异戊酸 Isovaleric acid	1.65	1.61	1.10	1.47	1.22	0.12	0.164
戊酸 Valeric acid	0.39a	0.30ab	0.14c	0.24b	0.14c	0.04	0.026
乙酸/丙酸值 Acetate/Propionat ratio	4.50ab	3.64c	4.22b	3.86c	4.83a	0.20	0.013
总挥发性脂肪酸 TVFA	40.21a	32.75b	20.91d	28.36c	19.17d	0.61	<0.001
微生物蛋白MCP mg·mL^-1	0.15e	0.25d	0.51c	0.79a	0.61b	0.06	<0.001

全株构树青贮在务川黑牛日粮中饲用价值评价

Evaluation of Feeding Value for Whole Broussonetia papyrifera Silage in Diet of Wuchuan Black Beef Cattle

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项目 Item	处理组 Treatment					标准误 SEM	P
项目 Item	A	B	C	D	E	标准误 SEM	P
屠宰率 Slaughter rate (%)	54.66	52.82	55.58	52.77	53.53	0.006	0.443
净肉率 Net meat rate (%)	46.04	45.92	48.20	45.50	46.98	0.005	0.610
骨重率 Bone weight rate (%)	8.62a	6.90bc	7.38b	7.27c	6.56c	0.226	0.013
头重率Head weight rate (%)	2.95a	2.70b	2.90a	2.81ab	2.48c	0.054	0.015
尾重率 Tail weight rate (%)	0.26	0.24	0.23	0.26	0.24	0.008	0.718
皮重率 Tare weight rate (%)	9.59	8.31	7.98	8.29	6.98	0.317	0.113
脂肪率 Fat rate (%)	7.28a	7.25a	5.07c	5.18c	6.47b	0.343	0.040
滴水损失率 Drip loss rate (%)	2.08	1.96	2.75	2.44	2.79	0.180	0.051
剪切力 Shear force (N·cm^-2)	44.52a	38.02c	39.69bc	41.06b	41.16b	0.710	0.020

项目 Item	处理组 Treatment					标准误 SEM	P
项目 Item	A	B	C	D	E	标准误 SEM	P
天冬门氨基酸 Asparagine	2.08	2.03	2.07	2.10	2.14	0.030	0.879
苏氨酸 Threonine	1.01	0.97	0.97	0.99	1.01	0.015	0.899
丝氨酸 Serine	0.85	0.84	0.83	0.83	0.86	0.013	0.955
谷氨酸 Glutamate	3.64	3.50	3.56	3.59	3.69	0.057	0.894
甘氨酸 Glycine	0.91	0.91	0.90	0.92	0.94	0.011	0.833
丙氨酸 Alanine	1.31	1.26	1.24	1.26	1.30	0.018	0.779
缬氨酸 Valine	1.05	1.03	1.04	1.06	1.07	0.013	0.907
异亮氨酸 Isoleucine	1.05	1.01	1.03	1.04	1.06	0.016	0.907
亮氨酸 Leucine	1.85	1.81	1.83	1.85	1.91	0.026	0.887
酪氨酸 Tyrosine	0.88	0.83	0.86	0.88	0.88	0.009	0.388
苯丙氨酸 Phenylalanine	0.93	0.90	0.91	0.93	0.91	0.011	0.891
赖氨酸 Lysine	2.00	1.96	2.05	2.05	2.08	0.029	0.752
组氨酸 Histidine	0.91	0.88	0.87	0.90	0.88	0.011	0.864
精氨酸 Arginine	1.33	1.36	1.42	1.38	1.49	0.023	0.232
脯氨酸 Proline	0.74	0.73	0.76	0.77	0.80	0.012	0.523
蛋氨酸 Methionine	0.63	0.60	0.59	0.60	0.61	0.010	0.823
16种氨基酸总量 Total 16 amino acids	21.17	20.62	20.95	21.17	21.64	0.282	0.887

项目 Item	处理组 Treatment					标准误 SEM	P
项目 Item	A	B	C	D	E	标准误 SEM	P
肉豆蔻油酸 Myristoleic （C14:1n5）	0.035	0.052	0.020	0.021	0.020	0.008	0.688
十五(烷)酸 Pentadecanoic （C15:0）	0.010	0.016	0.011	0.010	0.013	0.002	0.910
棕榈酸 Palmitic（C16:0）	0.942	1.288	0.945	0.870	1.119	0.196	0.976
棕榈油酸 Palmitoleic （C16:1n7）	0.154	0.198	0.103	0.104	0.128	0.029	0.877
十七碳酸 Heptadecanoic （C17:0）	0.000	0.017	0.030	0.028	0.039	0.007	0.438
硬脂酸 Stearic （C18:0）	0.485	0.358	0.655	0.612	0.735	0.115	0.895
油酸 Oleic （C18:1n9c）	1.781	1.903	1.301	1.181	1.537	0.324	0.966
亚油酸 Linoleic （C18:2n6c）	0.081	0.092	0.080	0.075	0.080	0.008	0.985
二十碳一烯酸 Eicosaenoic （C20:1）	0.011a	0.007b	0.004c	0.005b	0.005b	0.002	0.021
α-亚麻酸 α-Linolenic （C18:3n3）	0.007d	0.011c	0.012bc	0.013ab	0.016a	0.001	0.006
二十碳三烯酸 Eicosapentaenoic （C20:3n6）	0.007a	0.006a	0.005ab	0.005ab	0.004b	0.001	0.043
花生四烯酸 Arachidonic （C20:4n6）	0.000c	0.016b	0.017b	0.021a	0.021a	0.003	0.031
总脂肪酸 Total fatty acids (TFA)	3.622	4.144	3.301	3.061	3.852	0.667	0.072
饱和脂肪酸 Saturated fatty acids (SFA)	1.545	1.860	1.759	1.636	2.040	0.015	0.065
单不饱和脂肪酸 Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)	1.982a	2.160a	1.427c	1.311c	1.690b	0.061	0.024
多不饱和脂肪酸 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)	0.095c	0.125a	0.115ab	0.113b	0.122a	0.002	0.031