填饲期肥肝鹅脂肪沉积、血脂成分和脂类代谢酶的变化规律

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.08.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】通过对不同填饲期肥肝鹅体内脂肪沉积、血脂成分和脂类代谢酶等指标的测定分析，探讨肥肝鹅脂肪代谢规律。【方法】选取同批孵化、相同饲养条件下育成的85日龄体重差异不显著（P＞0.05）的肝用型公鹅200只进行填饲，填饲期30 d。从预试期结束起，分别于填饲0、6、12、18、24、30 d取血、屠宰1次；每次随机选取30只体重相近的试验鹅，每只为1个重复，以填饲0 d作为对照。分别测定肝重、皮脂重、腹脂重、肠脂重、皮脂率、腹脂率、肠脂率、血脂成分和脂类代谢相关指标。所有试验鹅填饲同一种饲粮，填饲量定量一致。将经过筛选的玉米粒倒入水锅内，煮沸5—10 min后，捞出沥干，趁热加入1%鹅油、0.3%的食盐并充分拌匀，冷却后作为填饲饲粮；采用双人机械填饲方法。试验鹅采用地面圈养填饲，分栏饲养。【结果】①腹脂重、皮脂重、肠脂重随着填饲时间的延长而增加，填饲12—18 d腹脂、皮脂、肠脂、肥肝脂肪沉积增重最快，填饲30 d时皮脂重＞腹脂重＞肠脂重；②除了填饲6 d皮脂率与肥肝重呈显著负相关（r=-0.869）外，不同填饲期肥肝鹅腹脂重、皮脂重、肠脂重、腹脂率、皮脂率、肠脂率与肝脏重均呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）。③填饲显著改变游离脂肪酸（non-estesterified fatty acid，NEFA）和载脂蛋白A（apolipoprotein- A，Apo-A）的含量；在整个填饲过程中，载脂蛋白B（apolipoprotein- B，Apo-B）的含量随着填饲时间的延长有下降的趋势，但各填饲阶段之间差异均不显著（P＞0.05）；随着填饲时间的延长，甘油三酯（Triglyceride，TG）、总胆固醇（total cholesterol，TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high density lipoprotein-cholesterol，HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low density lipoprotein-cholesterol，LDL-C）和极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol，VLDL-C）的含量逐渐增加。④胆碱酯酶（cholinesterase，CHE）、脂肪酶（lipase，LPS）、脂蛋白脂酶（lipoprotein lipase，LPL）和肝脂酶（lipoprotein lipase，HL）和总脂酶（LPL+HL）活性最大值分别出现在填饲18—24 d，并呈先升高后降低趋势。【结论】填饲显著改变肥肝鹅的机体脂肪组成；填饲能够显著改变肥肝鹅血脂成分含量，肝重与机体脂肪沉积均呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）；填饲12—24 d是机体脂肪代谢最旺盛的时期，沉积量最多，肥肝增重最快。

关键词: 填饲期 , 肥肝鹅 , 脂肪沉积 , 血脂成分 , 脂类代谢

Abstract: 【Objective】 This paper aims to investigate the relationship between metabolism of fat , deposition of foie gras goose body fat and liver weight through conducting an experiment to measure and analyze the deposition of foie gras goose body fat, composition of lipid and metabolism of lipid. 【Method】 Two-hundred liver-use ganders of 85 days bred in the same batch incubation, with the same rearing conditions whose weight difference was not significant (P＞0.05) were selected and overfed, and the overfeeding period lasted for 30 days. The overfeeding started at the end of the pre-test, 30 geese were randomly selected, slaughtered and blood was taken every 6 days(0,6,12,18,24,30d). Each is a duplicate to overfeeding 0 d as a control .The related indicators of liver weight, sebum weight, abdominal fat weight, intestinal fat weight, sebum rate, percentage of abdominal fat, intestinal fat rate composition of lipid and metabolism of lipid were measured. Added the same diet and overfed quantify the amount identically for geese. After boiling the screening of corn kernels for 5-10 min in the water pot, removed and drained, hotted goose fat 1%, 0.3% salt and stirred well after cooling spare as overfeeding diet. Double mechanical overfeeding methods were used and overfeeding column rearing was adopted.【Result】 The weight of abdominal fat, sebum and intestinal fat increased with the extension of overfeeding time, abdominal fat, sebum, intestinal fat, foie gras fat deposition reached the peak during 12-18 d. At overfeeding 30 d, the weight of sebum ＞ abdominal fat ＞ intestinal fat. In addition to overfeeding 6 d sebum rate and fatty liver weight were significantly negatively correlated (r = -0.869), in different overfeedings, foie gras goose abdominal fat weight, sebum weight, intestinal fat weight, abdominal fat, subcutaneous fat percentage, intestinal fat rate and liver weight showed a highly significant positive correlation (P＜0.01). Overfeeding changed the levels of non-estesterified fatty acid (NEFA) and Apo-A significantly. Throughout the course of overfeeding, apolipoprotein-B(Apo-B) showed a downward trend with the increasing overfeeding time, but it was not significant (P＞ 0.05) in the differences among various stages of overfeeding. With the extended feeding time, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) levels increased. The maximum values of cholinesterase (CHE), lipase (LPS), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hepatic lipase (HL) and activity of total lipase appeared during 18-24 d, which also demonstrated a trend of rising first and declining then. 【Conclusion】 Overfeeding significantly changed the composition of body fat goose foie gras. Overfeeding significantly changed the composition of blood content of fatty liver for geese, and liver weight and body fat deposition showed a significant positive correlation (P ＜0.01). After overfeeding for 12 to 24 days, the metabolism of body fat and deposition of fat achieved its maximum, foie gras grew fastest.

Key words: overfeeding period , foie gras goose , deposition of body fat , composition of lipid , metabolism of lipid

王宝维1, 舒常平2, 葛文华1, 岳斌1, 张名爱1, 姜杨3. 填饲期肥肝鹅脂肪沉积、血脂成分和脂类代谢酶的变化规律[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(8): 1600-1610.

WANG Bao-Wei-1, SHU Chang-Ping-2, GE Wen-Hua-1, YUE Bin-1, ZHANG Ming-Ai-1, JIANG Yang-3. Deposition of Foie Gras Goose Body Fat, Composition of Lipid and Metabolism of Lipid in Overfeeding Period[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(8): 1600-1610.

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